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Файл:English for Law Enforcement Professionals (Английский язык для сотрудников правоохранительных органов). Ч.1. Учебное пособие
.pdf
to govern – government – governmental – governor
to supervise – supervisory – supervision – supervisor
to direct – directive – directness – directly – direction
to represent – representative – representation
to legislate – legislator – legislative – legislation
to execute – executor – executive – execution.
13.6. Замените прямую речь косвенной:
1. “I’ve been waiting for hours,” Michael said. 2. “I’ll let you know,”
said Tom. 3. “I’m exhausted (без сил),” said Jane. 4. “He’s lying. He’s
never been to Greece,” his brother said. 5. “My job is stressful,” she says.
6. “Water boils at 100ºC,” he said. 7. “I need a holiday,” Mac said. 8. “I
was on guard duty yesterday,” he said. 9. “I’ll be back next week,” she
said.
13.7. Замените прямую речь косвенной:
1. “Are you hungry?” She asked us … . 2. “Are you enjoying your-
self?” He asked us … . 3. “Will Ted be at the party?” He wanted to know
… . 4. “Will you be coming to the concert?” He wondered … . 5. “You
don’t like Chinese food, do you?” She wanted to know … . 6. “Have you
seen the suspect recently?” He asked me … . 7. “Are you ready to identify
the criminal?” The interrogator wondered … .
13.8. Замените прямую речь косвенной:
Вчера Вы встретили своего друга Charlie. Вот что он Вам сказал:
1. “I'm living in London now”.
2. “My father isn't very well”.
3. “Sharon and Paul are getting married next month”.
4. “I don't know what Fred is doing”.
5. “I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine”.
6. “My car was stolen a few weeks ago”.
7. “I haven't seen Diane recently”.
8. “I'm not enjoying my job very much”.
9. “You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever in London”.
10. “I want to go on holiday but I can't afford it”.
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13.9. Замените прямую речь косвенной:
What time is it? but
Who is that woman?
Where can I find Linda?
How much will it cost?
Do you know what time it is?
I don't know who that woman is.
Can you tell me where I can find Linda?
Have you any idea how much it will cost?
Обратите внимание на вопросы со вспомогательными глаголами do / does /
did:
What time does the film begin?
but
What do you mean?
Why did Ann leave early?
Do you know what time the film begins.
Please explain what you mean.
I wonder why Ann left early.
Don't wait for me if I'm late.
Can you open your bag, please?
Please slow down!
Don t worry, Sue.
Will you marry me?
Hurry up!
Mind your own business.
Could you repeat what you said, please?
Do you think you could give me a hand, Tom?
13.10. Закончите предложения:
Например: Bill was taking a long time to get ready, so I told him to
hurry up.
1. Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked ……….
2. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I told ……….
3. I couldn't move the piano alone, so I
4. The customs officer looked at me suspiciously and ……….
5. I had difficulty understanding him, so I
6. I didn't want to delay Ann, so I
7. John was very much in love with Mary, so he
8. He started asking me personal questions, so
Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
172
13.11. Замените прямую речь косвенной:
1. “What’ s the weather like?” – She asked me … .
2. “Why is she crying?” – He wondered … .
3. “Where did they go last week?” – She wondered … .
4. “How can I solve the problem?” – I wanted to know … .
5. “When will lunch be ready?” – You didn’t tell me … .
6. “What is he doing here?” – I wondered … .
7. “What were you looking for at the crime scene?” – He wanted to
know … .
13.12. Замените прямую речь косвенной:
1. “Where has Tom gone?” – Do you know … .
2. “Where is the post office?” – Could you tell me … .
3. “What's the time?” – I wonder … .
4. “What does this word mean?” – I want to know … .
5. “What time did they leave?” – Do you know … .
6. “Is Sue going out tonight?” – I don't know … .
7. “Where does Carol live?” – Have you any idea … .
8. “Where did I park the car?” – I can't remember .. .
9. “Is there a bank near here?” – Can you tell me … .
10. “What do you want?” – Tell me … .
11. “Why didn't Kay come to the party?” – I don't know … .
12. “Do you have to pay to park here?” – Do you know … .
13. “Who is that woman?” – I've no idea … .
14. “Did Ann receive my letter?” – Do you know … .
15. “How far is it to the airport?” – Can you tell me … .
13.13. Составьте диалог. Вы хотите поговорить с Кейт, но ее
нет. Кто-то другой отвечает на звонок. Вы хотите узнать три вещи:
1) Where has she gone? 2) When will she be back? 3) Did she go out
alone?
Закончите высказывания:
A: Do you know where (1)?
B: Sorry, I've got no idea.
A: Never mind. I don't suppose you know (2).
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B: No, I'm afraid not.
A: One more thing. Do you happen to know (3)?
В: I'm afraid I didn't see her go out.
A: OK. Well, thank you anyway. Goodbye.
13.14. Вы рассказываете своему другу, какие вопросы были за-
даны вам при приеме на работу:
She asked (me) (How old are you?)
She wanted to know (What do you do in your spare time?)
She asked (me) (How long have you been working in your present
job?)
She asked (me) (Why did you apply for the job?)
She wanted to know (Can you speak any foreign languages?)
She asked (Have you got a driving licence?)
13.15. Какое-то время вы не были в своем городе. Вы только
что вернулись. Встретили своего друга. Он задал вам много вопро-
сов. Теперь вы рассказываете об этом другому другу:
He asked me (How are you?) → He asked me how I was.
Where have you been?
How long have you been back?
What are you doing now?
Where are you living?
Why did you come back?
Are you glad to be back?
Do you have any plans to go away again?
Can you lend me some money?
13.16. Прочтите и переведите словосочетания и фразы. Запом-
ните их:
Law-governed state, square miles, constituent entities, federal signif-
icance, autonomous oblasts, equal rights, to be set up, legislative, executive, judicial, bicameral, Federal Assembly, two chambers, the Federation
Council, State Duma, representatives, constituent entity, permanently functioning body, separately, chamber forms, committees, commissions, appropriate hearings, to approve treaties, to declare war, to be considered by,
special powers, the presidential election, the armed forces, the executive
174
power, to be exercised by, to consist of, deputy chairmen, to be appointed
by, with the consent of, domestic and foreign policies, to work out, the
federal budget, human rights and freedoms, to carry out measures, to ensure the legality, rights and freedoms of the citizens, to protect property,
public order, combat crimes, to ensure state security, in the sphere of culture, science, education, social security, health, ecology, to be provided by,
criminal legislation, to be exercised, the judicial branch of power, the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the High Arbitration Court, to declare
actions, civil and criminal cases.
13.17. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
The Branches of State Power in Russia
Russia is a democratic federative law-governed state with a republi-
can form of government. The population of Russia is about 150 million
people and the territory is 6.6 million square miles. The Russian Federation
consists of 89 constituent entities (republics, krays, oblasts, cities of federal
significance, an autonomous oblasts and autonomous okrugs, which have
equal rights). The authorities of the constituent entities have the right to
pass laws independently from the federal government. These laws are valid
on the territory of the appropriate federate division, but they cannot contradict the federal laws. In case of conflicts between federal and local authorities, the President uses consensual procedures to resolve the problem. In
the event a consensus is not reached, the dispute is transferred to the appropriate court for its resolution.
The Russian Federative Republic was set up by the Constitution of
1993. Under the Constitution Russia is a Presidential (or a Constitutional) Republic. The federal government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by
the President.
The legislative power belongs to the bicameral Federal Assembly
(the Parliament). It consists of two chambers: the Federation Council (the
upper house) and the State Duma (the lower house). The Federation Council includes two representatives from each constituent entity of the Russian
Federation and the State Duma consists of 450 deputies. The Federal Assembly is a permanently functioning body. The Federation Council and the
State Duma sit separately. Their sessions are open, but they have the right
175
to pass the decision to conduct closed sessions. Each chamber forms committees and commissions to hold appropriate hearings. Both chambers set
up the Accounts Chamber to monitor implementation of the federal budget.
The Federal Assembly makes federal law, approves treaties and declares
war. All bills must be first considered by the State Duma. Once a bill has
been passed by a majority of the Duma, it is sent back to the Federation
Council. The Federation Council has such special powers as declaration of
presidential elections, the President’s impeachment and decisions on the
use of the armed forces outside Russia’s territory.
The executive power is exercised by the government which consists
of the Chairman of the Government (the Prime Minister), deputy chairmen
and the federal ministers. The Chairman's candidate is appointed by the
President with the consent of the State Duma. The President appoints the
Prime Minister himself, dissolves the State Duma and announces new elections. Additionally, the Chairman of the Government proposes to the President candidates for the posts of deputy chairmen and the other federal
ministers. Government duties are distributed between several ministries.
The government ensures realization of domestic and foreign policies,
works out the federal budget, provides the principles of law, human rights
and freedoms.
The government carries out measures to ensure the legality, rights
and freedoms of the citizens, to protect property, public order and combat
crimes. It ensures state security, and the realization of foreign policy. The
government ensures the implementation of a uniform state policy in the
sphere of culture, science, education, social security, health, and ecology.
The judicial power is provided by appropriate judicial system and by
civil, administrative and criminal legislation. The judicial power in Russia
is exercised by the courts and administered by the Ministry of Justice.
Thus, the judicial branch of power consists of the Constitutional Court, the
Supreme and lower (district) courts. The Supreme Court of Russia is at the
highest level. The judges of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court
and the High Arbitration Court are appointed by the Federation Council.
The responsibility of the Constitutional Court is to analyze the new laws to
make sure they correspond to the laws of the state. The Constitutional
Court has the right to declare actions of the President, the Federal Assem-
176
bly and the Federal Government unconstitutional. The Supreme Court is
representative
a) международные обязательства
to pass a law
b) представитель
to be valid
с) принять закон
appropriate division
d) достичь согласия
to reach consensus
e)вводить чрезвычайное
положение
to suspend the activity of an act
f) соответствующий
административный округ
International obligations
g) приостановить действие закона
criminal legislation
h) быть действительным
external policy
i) внешняя политика
to perform one's duties
j) освободить (от должности)
to release
k) выполнять свои обязанности
to introduce a state of emergency
l) уголовное законодательство
the highest instance for civil and criminal cases.
13.18. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами:
Russia is a ... state.
Russia consists of...
Authorities of the republics and regions have the right to pass laws
independently from ...
These laws cannot contradict...
The President has the right to suspend ... passed by local executive
authorities.
(constituent entities, federal government, acts, federative, democrat-
ic, federal laws).
13.19. Вставьте предлоги из списка, если необходимо: on, for,
about, within, throughout, by:
1. The population of Russia is … 150 million people.
2. These laws are valid … this territory.
3. The dispute is transferred to the appropriate court … its resolution.
4. Elections are to take place … three months.
5. His duties are acted … the Prime Minister.
6. He has the right to introduce a state of emergency … the country.
13.20. Подберите соответствующие по смыслу английские сло-
ва и их русские эквиваленты:
177
13.21. К каким словам или словосочетаниям из текста отно-
state
a) service, law, country
authority
b) person, power, body
to suspend
c) to delay, to keep on, to stop
eligible citizens
d) grown up, law-abiding, educated
to release somebody
e) to let free, to make to resign
state of emergency
f) extraordinary situation, sequence of
events, policy
Legislative
The Federal Assembly
The Council of Federation
The Cabinet of Ministers (or the Government)
Judicial
System of courts
(the Supreme and other
courts)
сятся эти слова?
13.22. Поговорите о компетенциях Государственной думы, Фе-
дерального собрания и Правительства Российской Федерации.
13.23. Выскажите свое мнение о различиях между обязанно-
стями двух палат Российской Федерации.
13.24. Примите участие в споре о государственной власти Рос-
сии. Используйте следующую схему:
The government branches
13.25. Выучите наизусть:
The Branches of State Power in Russia
A. If my memory serves me right, Russia is a democratic law-governed
state with a republican form of government.
B. Is it a constitutional monarchy or a presidential republic?
A. I know for certain, Russia is a presidential republic.
B. What is the state power of Russia carried out by?
A. It is carried out by dividing power into three independent branches:
legislative, executive and judicial.
B. What can you say about the legislative branch?
A. It is vested in the Federal Assembly composing of two chambers.
The Upperchamber is the Council of Federation; the lower one is the State
Duma. Each chamber is headed by a speaker.
B. And whom does the executive power belong to?
178
A. It is exercised by the government which consists of the Prime Minis-
ter (the Chairman of the Government), deputy chairmen and the federal ministers.
B. What about the judicial branch?
A. It is represented by the Constitutional Court and it is provided by
civil, criminal and administrative legislation.
B. It all sounds very fascinating. Thank you.
A. You're welcome.
13.26. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation
The Russian Constitution is a written document. The RF Constitution
establishes the ideological, political and legal aspects of the state. This document is the superior legal force. The Constitution of the Russian Federation
shall come into force from the moment of its official publication according to
the results of a nationwide referendum. The Russian Constitution started to
the develop at the beginning of the 19th century.
In general the following constitutions came into force in this country.
The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. It was the Constitution of
the Russian Federation. The second, the third and the fourth (the last) Constitutions of the Soviet Union were adopted in 1924, 1936 and in 1977. Simultaneously the Constitutions (Fundamental Law) of the Russian Federation
were adopted in 1925, 1937, 1978. The fifth (still working) Constitution was
adopted by the referendum on December 12, 1993. The Constitution includes
the preamble, and 2 sections. The first section consists of 9 chapters with 137
Articles.
The essence of the Constitution consists in the principle of human
rights and the idea of a law-governed state. It establishes up a strict division
of powers: an executive power, a legislative power and a judicial one. The
Constitution proclaims democratic freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of
press, freedom of assembly, etc. The Constitution guarantees all citizens of
the Russian Federation equal rights regardless of nationality, sex, religion,
and social origin. According to this Constitution the citizens of Russia have
the right to work, to rest, to education, to health protection, to housing, to
maintenance in old age, and so on. All citizens have the right to elect and to
179
be elected. As for duties the citizens of Russia must observe all the laws. The
1. to guarantee equal rights
a) учитывать
2. to have the right to elect and be
elected
b) соблюдать все законы
3. to proclaim the freedom of speech
c) принимать, вводить в действие
закон
4. to adopt a constitution
d) принять конституцию
5. to enact a law
e) провозглашать свободу слова
6. to observe all laws
f) иметь право избирать и быть
избранным
7. to take intо account
g) гарантировать равные права
8. to govern a state
h) управлять государством
sacred of every citizen is to defend their Fatherland.
So, the Constitution of our country is a set of rules which defines the re-
lationship between the various organs of government and between the government and citizens of the country. At present time the main copy of the
Constitution is deposited at the library of the Presidential Administration in
Kremlin.
13.27. Найдите в тексте предложения, которые соответствуют
следующим утверждениям:
1. Конституция Российской Федерации устанавливает основные
политические, идеологические, законодательные принципы государст-
ва. 2. Конституция вступает в силу с момента ее публикации по резуль-
татам всенародного референдума. 3. В нашей стране было принято пять
конституций. 4. Конституция Российской Федерации содержит 9 частей
и 137 статей. 5. Конституция провозглашает такие демократические
свободы, как – свобода слова, свобода печати и свобода собраний. 6.
Конституция гарантирует всем гражданам Российской Федерации рав-
ные права независимо от национальности, пола, религии и социального
происхождения. 7. Граждане Российской Федерации имеют право на
труд, на отдых, на образование, на охрану здоровья, на жилище, на социальное обеспечение в пожилом возрасте. 8. Защита Отечества являет-
ся священным долгом каждого гражданина Российской Федерации.
13.28. Подберите соответствующие по смыслу русские эквива-
ленты к английским выражениям:
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