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Файл:English for Law Enforcement Professionals (Английский язык для сотрудников правоохранительных органов). Ч.1. Учебное пособие
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10.15. Кому принадлежат эти слова о парламенте?
Old-fashioned way of thinking, demanding job, ordinary job, strange
place, arrogant men, complexity and enormity of the place.
10.16. Ответьте на вопросы, выбирая варианты (A-E):
Tessa Jowell
Edwina Currie
Diana Maddlock
Harriet Harman
Anne Coffey
Which of the women MPs:
is also a writer?
complains about the attitude of male MPs to women?
thinks there will be no problem with female MPs in the future?
mentions women’s difficulties in other areas as well?
thinks it is an advantage to be an older-woman in Parliament?
complains about the arrangements for children in Parliament?
feels female MPs work together more than men do?
feels that her work has harmed her family?
thinks Parliament should change fundamentally?
thinks male and female MPs face the same type of difficulty?
lives near the Houses of Parliament?
Participle
В английском языке причастие (Participle) – это неличная форма глагола, которая сочетает в себе признаки глагола, прилагательного и наречия. В
русском языке соответствует причастию и деепричастию: doing – делающий,
делая; opening – открывающий, открывая; done – сделанный; opened – открытый.
Обладая свойствами прилагательного и наречия, причастие в предложении может быть определением или обстоятельством. Глагольные свойства
проявляются в том, что причастие может иметь прямое дополнение.
Обратите внимание, что причастие также входит в состав сложных глагольных форм (то есть используется в образовании различных времен в активном и пассивном залоге).
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Английские причастия делятся на:
причастия настоящего времени (Present Participle или Participle I).
причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle или Participle II).
Причастие настоящего времени. Participle I
Причастие настоящего времени (Present Participle или Participle I) имеет
две формы:
Present Participle Simple (простое причастие).
Present Participle Perfect (перфектное причастие).
Простое причастие. Present Participle Simple
Present Participle Simple (простое причастие настоящего времени) соответствует русскому причастию настоящего времени (читающий, строящий) и
деепричастию несовершенного вида (читая, строя).
Образуется эта форма путем присоединения окончания -ing к основе
глагола:
read + ing – reading – читающий, читая
build + ing – building – строящий, строя.
В пассивном залоге – being + III форма глагола:
Being read – читаемый, будучи читаемым (т.е. когда его читали).
Being built – строящийся, будучи строящимся (т.е. когда его строили).
Примеры предложений с простым причастием:
Everybody looked at the dancing girl. – Все смотрели на танцующую
девочку.
The speaking doll interested the child very much. – Говорящая кукла
очень заинтересовала ребенка.
Travelling in America, I saw a lot of interesting things. – Путешествуя
по Америке, я увидела много интересного.
The house being built in our street is very good. – Дом, строящийся на
нашей улице, очень хороший (дом, который строят).
Перфектное причастие. Present Participle Perfect
Present Participle Perfect (перфектное причастие настоящего времени) соответствует русскому деепричастию совершенного вида (прочитав, построив).
Образуется по следующей формуле – having + III форма глагола: having
read – прочитав, having built – построив.
В пассивном залоге – having been + III форма глагола:
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having been read – будучи прочитанным (т.е. когда его прочитали), having
been built – будучи построенным (т.е. когда его построили).
Примеры предложений с перфектным причастием:
Having prescribed the medicine, the doctor went away. –
Прописав лекарство, доктор ушел.
Having drunk a cup of tea, she felt better. – Выпив чашку чая, она
почувствовала себя лучше.
Having been shown the wrong direction, the travellers soon lost their
way. – Так как путешественникам показали не то направление, они вскоре
заблудились (пассивный залог).
Подробнее о перфектном причастии
Причастие прошедшего времени. Participle II
Причастие прошедшего времени (Past Participle или Participle II) представляет собой III форму глагола и соответствует русскому страдательному
причастию прошедшего времени (прочитанный, построенный). Participle II
имеет только форму пассивного залога.
Причастие прошедшего времени – это III форма глагола:
read – прочитанный
built – построенный
opened – открытый
invited – приглашенный.
Если глагол правильный, то его III форма образуется путем присоединения к основе глагола окончания -ed (open – opened).
Особенности прибавления и произношения окончания -ed:
III форму неправильных глаголов необходимо запомнить.
Таблица неправильных глаголов с произношением и переводом (III
форма – в 3 колонке).
Примеры предложений с причастием прошедшего времени:
We stopped before a shut door. – Мы остановились пе-
ред закрытой дверью.
This is a church built many year sago. – Это церковь, построенная много лет назад.
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10.17. Назовите форму причастия:
proclaimed, being investigated, committing, having adopted, having
been appointed, having developed, being ensured, being directed, administering, havingbeen protected, being tried, divided.
10.18. Образуйте причастия данных глаголов, переведите их на
русский. Например: to compose – composed (составленный).
to administer, to empower, to appoint, to ensure, to protect, to approve, to adopt, to elect, to direct, to constitute, to include, to form, to pay,
to express, to divide, to try.
10.19. Образуйте Present Participlc (Active and Passive) данных
глаголов, переведите их:
to approve, to consist, to ensure, to direct, to develop, to maintain, to
defend, to take measures, to administer, to divide, to represent;
to investigate, to appoint, to administer, to supervise, to develop, to
define, to defend, to maintain, to protect;
to appoint, to discuss, to interview, to elect, to approve, to guarantee,
to implement, to found, to adopt, to preserve.
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Тема 11. Парламент Великобритании
-sure
pleasure
leisure
treasure
measure
seizure
-ness
weakness
sickness
seriousness
happiness
openness
readiness
fearlessness
helplessness
suddenness
-ture
culture
picture
literature
departure
furniture
structure
nature
-ty; (-ity)
quantity
quality
activity
disability
productivity
safety
responsibility
possibility
-fy; -ify
to intensify
to falsify
to classify
to identify
to qualify
-ate; -ute
to communicate
to illustrate
to demonstrate
to indicate
to populate
to constitute
to contribute
to enumerate
-ize; -ise
to characterize
to emphasize
to exercise
to organize
to monopolize
-en
to strengthen
to shorten
to widen
Словообразование (повторение)
11.1. Повторите суффиксы существительных:
11.2. Повторите суффиксы глаголов:
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11.3. Повторите суффиксы прилагательных:
-able (-ible)
honourable
valuable
reasonable
possible
changeable
acceptable
-ous
dangerous
famous
glorious
courageous
-less
homeless
aimless
hopeless
useless
fruitless
helpless
-ic
Basic
democratic
economic
historic
heroic
patriotic
11.4. Повторите следующие слова, обратите внимание на ударения:
a) to in ‘crease
to ex’port
to insult
to con’duct
to con’vict
to guaran’tee
b) to excuse
to use
to advise
to live
to prove
to lose
to choose
to believe
to shoot
‘conduct
‘convict
‘quarantee
excuse
use
advice
life
proof
loss
choice
belief
shot
song
to sing
‘increase
export
‘insilt
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11.5. Изучите текст:
The British Parliament
А. The House of Commons, the lower house of the British Parlia-
ment, consists of 650 elected MPs:
523 for England
72 for Scotland
38 for Wales
17 for Northern Ireland.
The main purpose of the House of Commons is to make laws of the
land by passing various Acts (of Parliament), as well as to discuss current political issues. The House sits for five days each week. Each "sitting" starts in the afternoon and may go on throughout the night. The
House sits for about 175 days in the years, and a maximum term of five
years.
All speeches in the House of Commons addressed to the Speaker
who is elected at the beginning of each new Parliament to preside over
the House and enforce the rules of order.
The Speaker must be a person with a rare mix of qualities: he has
to be able to cope with the difficult task of conducting debates; be respected for impartiality; possess a sound knowledge of parliamentary
procedure; have tact and judgement in handling debates; and have a
firmness of command in controlling the House.
The debates take place in accordance with a programme previously
arranged. It often concerns a broad issue of foreign or home policy, or it
may be the examination of the contents of a bill.
So, the House of Commons is the main place where legislation
and other decisions of government are criticized. Its work includes following:
a) legislation: the House spends nearly half its time making laws.
b) controlling finance: before the Government can raise or spend
money, it must have permission from the House of Commons
c) scrutinizing the Government by asking questions, by holding
debates and by committee work.
B. The House of Lords
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There are over 1,000 members of the House of Lords. They are an
unelected group of people who have either inherited their seats or have
been given them by the Government. The Lord Chancellor sitsin the
middle and supervises debates. He sits on "the wool sack", a seat which
contains wool from all the Commonwealth countries.
The House of Lords takes part in the making of laws, the examination of the Government's work and in debating important matters ofthe
day. This second chamber is not as powerful as the House of Commons.
It can suggest changes in laws, but is restricted to laws that have nothing
to do with the finances of the country (for example, it cannot suggest
any changes to the Budget). The cannot reject laws that the House of
Commons wants to pass, though it can amend them. Even then, the
Commons can reject these amendments. The work of the House of Lords
includes:
a) legislation: reviewing and giving consideration to Bills.
b) examining the work of the Governmentby debate
c) examining European proposals.
d) hearing legal appeals.
There is an ongoing debate concerning the role of the House of
Lords in British politics and there have been attempts to limit its power
further.One example of this which has come under frequent scrutiny is
the system of hereditary peerage.
Cловарь:
i.e. = id est = that is – то есть
current issues – текущие проблемы
sitting – заседание
aquality – качество
impartiality – беспристрастность
to handle debates – вести дебаты
toscrutinize – тщательно исследовать
to reject – отвергать
to amend, to make amendments – вносить поправки
to review – пересмотреть.
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11.6. Найдите в тексте слова и выражения, которые исполь-
зуются для описания работы обеих палат британского парламен-
та. Переведите их на русский язык.
11.7. Найдите в a) и b) слова с одинаковым значением.
a) term; chamber; limit; reject; propose: control; happen; pass; issue;
amend; examine
b) veto; supervise; adopt; period; house; suggest; make; amendments; matter, restrict; take place; scrutinize
11.8. Выберите черты характера, которыми, по вашему мне-
нию, должен обладать политический деятель:
1. an ability to organize people
2. an ability to choose the right person for a right job
3. an ability to handle debates
4. an ability to control the meetings
5. a good knowledge of a parliamentary procedure
6. to be impartial
7. to be honest
8. to be responsible
9. high standards of personal behavior
10. firmness of command.
11.9. Расскажите о каком-нибудь выдающемся политическом
деятеле, о его личности (personality), взглядах (ideas), деятельности
(activities).
11.10. Переведите письменно, пользуясь словарем:
Parliamentary Debates
Parliament is a place where politicians can speak about public matters, express points of view, argue, try to persuade, support and oppose
other members. Indeed, the very word tells us this is its function (compare
the French “parler”,“to speak”). What is more, this free exchange of ideas
is vital for a democratic form of government. People are bound to
differabout political and economic priorities; and wise and just policies are
more likely to result from widespread discussion than from decisions made
by a few.
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Parliament debates require two kinds of skill: the ability to argue and
to deliver a prepared speech. For argument the speaker needs a good
memory stored with relevant information; speed of though and fluency of
speech quickly to express his reaction to the previous speaker. In addition,
he needs the qualities which enable him to deliver a speech: audible and
clear diction, and an interesting tone of voice. He must beable to judge the
mood of the House and adapt his wit or style to match the occasion. He
must never be dull and always have something ofimportance to say. One
MP who met most nearly all these criteria in this century was Winston
Churchill.
11.11. Прочитайте текст без словаря:
Government
The UK is governed by the Government a body of ministers who are
responsible for the administration ofnational affairs. The ministers are the
leading members of the political party which wins a majority of seats in
Parliament. The party which wins the second largest number of seats in
Parliament becomes the official Opposition.
The Prime Minister, the leader ofthe party with a majority, is appointed by the Queen. (The Queen appoints, but does not select the Prime
Minister. She has no choice.) All other Ministers are appointed by the
Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The majority of ministers are members of the Commons, although the Government is also fully
represented by ministers in the Lords. The Lord Chancellor is always
amember of the House of Lords.
The Cabinet. The most Senior Ministers (usually about 20 in number) compose the chairmanshipof the Prime Minister to decide government
policy on major issues, exercise supreme control of government and coordinate government departments.
Minister are responsible collectively to Parliament for all Cabinet decisions; individual ministers are responsible to Parliament for the work of
their departments.
The “Shadow Cabinet”. The Opposition party, which is not currently
in power, under the direction of its leader forms a “Shadow Cabinet”. The
ministers in the Shadow Cabinet deal with the same matters as the Cabinet
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