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Файл:English for Law Enforcement Professionals (Английский язык для сотрудников правоохранительных органов). Ч.1. Учебное пособие
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of Ministers in the current government, debating with the actual Cabinet
ministers from Government side.
The people elects MPs.
After an elections a Government is formed.
Prime Minister selects his Ministers.
The Ministers form the Cabinet.
The Cabinet decides Government policies.
The Parliament agrees to support or reject Government policies and
laws.
Parliamentary Control
Ministers are responsible to Parliament for their department and its
actions. The Commons can force a government to leave office. This happened in 1979, when the official Opposition put forward a no confidence
motion which was carried by one vote. The Government was therefore
obliged to advise the Queen to dissolve Parliament and general election
followed.
One Parliament’s most prizes occasions in Common’s Question
Time. For roughly one hour a day, ministers are asked by MPs searching
questions on major government intentions. The Prime Minister is questions
twice a week.
11.12. Повторите времена группы Perfect (стр. 63).
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Тема 12. Конгресс США
12.1. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
The Checks and Balances System
The system of checks and balances in government was developed to
ensure that no one branch of government would become too powerful. The
framers of the U.S. Constitution built a system that divides power between
the three branches of the U.S. government – legislative, executive and judicial – and includes various limits and controls on the powers of each
branch.“If men were angels, no government would be necessary,” James
Madison wrote in the Federalist Papers, of the necessity for checks and
balances. “In framing a government which is to be administered by men
over men, the great difficulty is this: You must first enable the government
to control the governed; and in the next place, oblige it to control itself.”
The system of checks and balances is an important part of the Constitution. With checks and balances, each of the three branches of government can limit the powers of the others. This way, no one branch becomes
too powerful. Each branch “checks” the power of the other branches to
make sure that the power is balanced between them. How does this system
of checks and balances work?
The process of how laws are made is a good example of checks and
balances in action. First, the legislative branch introduces and votes on a
bill. The bill then goes to the executive branch, where the President decides
whether he thinks the bill is good for the country. If so, he signs the bill,
and it becomes a law.
If the President does not believe the bill is good for the country, he
does not sign it. This is called a veto. But the legislative branch gets another chance. With enough votes, the legislative branch can override the executive branch's veto, and the bill becomes a law.
Once a law is in place, the people of the country can test it through
the court system, which is under the control of the judicial branch. If
someone believes a law is unfair, a lawsuit can be filed. Lawyers then
make arguments for and against the case, and a judge decides which side
has presented the most convincing arguments. The side that loses can
choose to appeal to a higher court, and may eventually reach the highest
court of all, the Supreme Court.
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If the legislative branch does not agree with the way in which the judicial branch has interpreted the law, they can introduce a new piece of
legislation, and the process starts all over again.
Checks and balances operate throughout the U.S. government, as
each branch exercises certain powers that can be checked by the powers
given to the other two branches.
The president (head of the executive branch) serves as commander in
chief of the military forces, but Congress (legislative branch) appropriates
funds for the military and votes to declare war. In addition, the Senate must
ratify any peace treaties.
Congress has the power of the purse, as it controls the money used to
fund any executive actions.
The president nominates federal officials, but the Senate confirms
those nominations.
Within the legislative branch, each house of Congress serves as a
check on possible abuses of power by the other. Both the House of Representatives and the Senate have to pass a bill in the same form for it to become law.
Once Congress has passed a bill, the president has the power to veto
that bill. In turn, Congress can override a regular presidential veto by a
two-thirds vote of both houses.
The Supreme Court and other federal courts (judicial branch) can declare laws or presidential actions unconstitutional, in a process known as
judicial review.
In turn, the president checks the judiciary through the power of appointment, which can be used to change the direction of the federal courts
By passing amendments to the Constitution, Congress can effectively
check the decisions of the Supreme Court.
Congress (considered the branch of government closest to the people) can impeach both members of the executive and judicial branches.
The system of checks and balances has been tested numerous times
throughout the centuries since the Constitution was ratified.In particular,
the power of the executive branch has expanded greatly since the 19th century, disrupting the initial balance intended by the framers. Presidential vetoes, and congressional overrides of those vetoes, tend to fuel controversy,
153
as do congressional rejections of presidential appointments and judicial
rulings against legislative or executive actions.
12.2. Найдите следующие словосочетания в тексте:
могущественный, творцы, сложность, брать верх, судебная
ветвь, главнокомандующий, объявлять войну, полагать, законопроект,
наложить вето, решение, убедительные аргументы, угрозы, ограничи-
вать, с достаточным количеством голосов.
12.3. Составьте словосочетания со следующими фразами:
system of checks and balances, congress has the power, the president, the Constitution, commander in chief, can limit, to veto that bill.
12.4. Составьте письменный пересказ текста и выучите его
наизусть.
12.5. Раскройте скобки, поставив слово в правильную грамма-
тическую форму:
A woman (to come) to President Abraham Lincoln and (to tell) him
with a commanding air "Mr. President, you must take my son a general.
Sir, I (to demand) it is not a favor, but as a right. My grandfather (to fight)
at Lexington. My father (to be) the only man who (not to run) away at
Bladensburg. My husband (to kill) at Monterrey".
"I (to guess), madam", "your family (to do) enough for the country. It
is time (to give) somebody else a chance".
12.6. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Расположите абзацы в
правильном порядке. Что Вы думаете об этой ситуации? Выразите
свое мнение.
My grandmother didn't notice anything at first, but when she went to
bed that evening she found that her jewelry wasn't in the usual place. And
then she remembered the girls and called the police. They were very sympathetic, but I don't think they'll ever catch the girls.
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My grandmother had a nasty experience last weekend. She's 82 years
old, and she lives by herself. I've always told her to be careful when she's
answering the door because you never know who's outside.
"What are you doing up there?" she shouted, and the girl said, "Can I
use your bathroom, please?" My grandmother said “yes” and didn't worry
about it, although the girl was upstairs for ages. She gave the girl a glass of
water in the kitchen. Then the second girl came downstairs, and they left.
My grandmother thought they looked like nice girls, so she invited
them in. They looked around the living room, and they one of them said,
"Can I have a glass of water, please?" so my grandmother took her into the
kitchen. While they were in the kitchen, she heard the other one run upstairs.
Anyway, she was at home last Sunday. At about 4:00 in the afternoon, she heard someone knock at the front door. She opened the door, and
there were two girls outside, about 10 or 11 years old. "Hello", said one of
the girls. "Our parents are going to buy a house like yours, very near here.
Can we have a look at your house, please? We want to see what it's like.
12.7. Составьте собственные предложения с выделенными сло-
вами. Запишите правильные и неправильные глаголы из текста. Подготовьте пересказ текста.
12.8. Переведите предложения:
Я был абитуриентом прошлым летом.
Я буду лейтенантом полиции через пять лет.
Я получу диплом юриста в 2022 году.
Наши студенты имеют все условия для получения хорошего об-
разования.
Срок обучения длится 10 недель.
Я делаю все возможное для того чтобы стать хорошим профес-
сионалом правоприменительной деятельности.
Студенты нашего института патрулируют улицы в Казани.
Я поступил в институт в прошлом году.
Оксфорд был основан в XII веке как аристократический университет.
Наши выпускники работают во всех службах полиции.
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Я – первокурсник Казанского юридического института МВД
России.
12.9. Вставьте пропущенный предлог и переведите:
I go ___ the Institute ___ bus.
I will do it ___ home.
We go out ___ the weekend.
I study ___ the Kazan Law Institute of MIA of Russia.
I am ___ Kazan. But now I live ___ Moscow.
I go ___ bed ___ night.
I wake up ___ 6 o`clock ___ the morning.
12.10. Раскройте скобки, используя Present Simple, Past Simple,
Future Simple:
I am a freshman. I (to study) at the Kazan Law Institute of MIA of
Russia.
I (to speak) Russian and a little English.
Every day I (to go) to the Institute on foot.
I (to live) in a hostel with some of my group mates.
It (to take) me 15 minutes to get to the Institute.
Usually I (to get up) at 7 a.m., (to have a shower), (to do) my morning exercises.
I (not to have breakfast), because I am in a hurry.
I hope in future I (to be) a good policeman.
I (to do) my best to enter the Kazan Law Institute of MIA of Russia
last year, so now I (to be) a first-year student.
I (to pass) the entrance examinations successfully.
In 2022 I (to get) a diploma of a lawyer and (to work) as a divisional
inspector.
12.11. Вставьте соответствующий вспомогательный глагол:
…you have a car?
…you like Chinese food?
…your father cook?
…your mother work?
…you speak French?
…you play the piano ?
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…people in your country like animals?
…your teacher smoke?
12.12. Поставьте слова в вопросительном предложении в пра-
вильном порядке:
drink you coffee do?
your does brother work?
work you where do?
music she like what does?
newspaper you what does?
the go you cinema to do?
does father watch your on sport TV?
mother glasses wear your does?
Проспрягайте следующие глаголы во всех лицах и числах:
to operate, to commit, to arrest, to question, to suspect.
12.13. Употребите вспомогательный глагол do или does:
1. …. our students study law?
2.…. Pete work in police?
3.…. they identify the offender?
4.…. he study Criminalistics?
5.…. they read judicial books?
6. …. your friend suspect me?
7. …. she apprehend the criminal?
8. …. your brother break the public order?
9. …. the policeman question the suspect?
10. …. your group investigate the crime?
12.14. Cпросите партнера и выслушайте его ответ:
Пример: I study law.
– Do you study law?
– Yes, I do. (No, I don’t).
1. My friend works as a policeman.
2. His brother studies at the Law Institute.
3. The officers take the evidence from the witnesses.
4. The policeman preserves public order.
5. I take police sciences classes at night school.
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6. He investigates a crime.
7. My sister helps detectives with their follow-up investigations.
8. I interrogate the arrested woman.
9. We establish everything connected with a crime.
10. My mother conducts an interrogation.
11. They specialize in certain branches of crime.
12. The investigator prepares the documents for the trial.
12.15. Скажите, что это не так:
Пример: We know this officer.
We don’t know this officer.
1. I study at the Moscow Law Institute.
2. We investigate criminal cases.
3. The students have lectures, tutorials, practical exercises.
4. My friend maintains public order in Kazan.
5. He fights against crime.
6. She traces and locates criminals.
7. They interview witnesses, interrogate criminals.
8. You examine the crime scene.
9. I make a plan of the investigation.
10. The policemen take part in competitions.
11. We take measures for search.
12. She takes pictures of the crime scene and its objects.
12.16. Перепишите предложения согласно указанию:
+ (утвердительное предложение);
- (отрицательное предложение);
? (вопросительное предложение).
1. Detectives usually search and seize stolen property and instru-
ments of the crime. (-)
2. The Moscow Law Institute trains lawyers for Moscow and Mos-
cow region. (?)
3. Do we study many special subjects at our College? (+)
4. They interrogate criminals. (-)
5. The investigator examines the crime scene very carefully. (-)
6. Does he interview witnesses? (+)
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7. The detective usually takes measures for the detection of the crim-
inal (?)
8. The police officers take active measures to detect the offender. (?)
9. He makes a plan of the investigation. (-)
10. Do the officers provide the punishment of such people. (+)
12.17. Измените предложения:
Пример: We like animals He likes animals.
I listen to the radio. She___________________.
He lives in a flat. We_____________________.
They have two children. He________________.
She doesn`t drink coffee. They______________.
I don`t smoke. My father __________________.
The shop closes at 5.00. The shops___________.
I go to the pub. He________________________.
I do housework. She______________________.
12.18. Составьте предложения из данных ниже слов. Помните
о порядке слов в предложении:
1. Never / he / his wife’s birthday / forgets
2. Usually / she / wake up / early / doesn’t
3. Always / he / has / to travel abroad / wanted
4. Sometimes / he / at night / goes out
5. They / always / do / can / anything / they want.
6. Has / Mary / party / decided / to / to / the / go?
7. By / play / a / have / Shakespeare / seen / ever / you?
8. Meeting / did / friends / Bill’s / you / enjoy?
9. Rome / they / have / in / arrived?
10. People / many / invited / party / how / have / you / to / your?
12.19. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect,
Present Continuous, Present Simple или Past Simple:
1. What… you… (buy) at the shop yesterday?
2. He … never… (bring) textbooks to the lessons.
3. I would like … (eat) a cake.
4. Oh! You … (break) your cup!
5. He… (begin) doing his homework two hours ago.
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6. What …you …(do) by now?
7. We … (be) at the cinema last Sunday.
8. We… (build) a sandcastle now.
9. There … (be) a new film at our cinema soon.
10. When I (see) my teacher yesterday, I (not say) “Hello”
12.20. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect,
Present Continuous, Present Simple или Past Simple:
1. Nina just (to finish) her work.
2. I say, Tom, let’s have dinner. – No, thank you, I already (to have)
dinner.
3. What the weather (to be) like? It still (to rain)? – No, it (to stop)
raining.
4. Please, give me a pencil, I (to lose) mine.
5. I (not to meet) Peter since Monday.
6. What you (to read) now? – I (to read) "Jane Eyre" (Джейн Эйр)
by Charlotte Bronte.
7. Where Sergei (to be)? – He (to go) home. He (to leave) the room a
minute ago.
8. You (to watch) the new film by M.? – Yes, I…. – When you (to
watch) it? – I (to watch) it last Sunday.
9. They (to read) "Harry Potter" by Joan Rowling a month ago. You
(to read) it?
10. Where (to be) your brother? – He just (to come) home. He (to
take) a shower in the bathroom now.
12.20. Вставьте модальный глагол can или can`t:
1. We ___ play tennis on Saturday. I am free.
2. ___ I smoke here? – No, It`s a no-smoking restaurant.
3. I am sorry. I ___ remember your name.
4. I ___speak French but not German.
5. I ___ see you tonight. I am very busy.
6. Sorry? I ___ hear you.
7. Look! We ___ buy some milk in that shop.
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