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Файл:English for Law Enforcement Professionals (Английский язык для сотрудников правоохранительных органов). Ч.1. Учебное пособие
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вать вместо него действительный залог, если это возможно. Однако от пассивного залога отказываться не рекомендуется. Случаи употребления страдательного залога:
Лицо / предмет, совершающее действие, неизвестно.
Our house was broken into last week. – Наш дом ограбили на прошлой
неделе.
Лицо / предмет, совершающее действие, не важно.
The job will be finished by Monday. – Работа будет закончена к
понедельнику.
Лицо / предмет, совершающее действие, очевидно из контекста.
My brother was fined for driving without license. – Моего брата
оштрафовали за вождение без прав.
Когда мы заинтересованы в действии, а не в деятеле (в новостях, инструкциях, заголовках, объявлениях).
The international exhibition of policework will be held next month. –
Международная выставка работы полиции будет проведена в следующем
месяце.
Для описания процесса приготовления, инструкция проведения исследований и пр.
Water is heated and added to the mixture. – Вода нагревается и
добавляется к смеси.
В официальных объявлениях, в научных докладах.
Much research has been conducted on this topic. – Множество исследований было проведено по этой теме.
Времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола. Таким образом, при
спряжении глагола в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол to be,
смысловой же глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму – Past Participle. Время, в котором стоит глагол в страдательном залоге, определяется
формой, в которой стоит вспомогательный глагол to be:
С модальными глаголами must, can (could), may (might), should,
ought to, have to, be to пассивная форма образуется с помощью be и Past
Participle (Participle II) основного глагола. Например, This work must be finished
today.
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8.2. Переведите предложения на английский язык:
Я арестовал. – Меня арестовали.
Вы показали. – Вам показали.
Она задержала. – Она задержана.
Они спросили. – Их спросили.
Мы допросили. – Нас допросили.
Мы обнаружили. – Нас обнаружили.
Он нашел. – Его нашли.
Она оштрафовала. – Ее оштрафовали.
Я обвинил. – Меня обвинили.
8.3. Раскройте скобки, используя Present Simple Passive:
1. The largest collection of fingerprints (to maintain) in the Identifi-
cation Division of the FBI.
2. The offenders (to apprehend) by the police.
3. The Special Branch (to charge) with protecting very important
persons.
4. The flying squad (to use) all over the country.
5. He (to charge) with stealing a car.
6. Many crimes (to solve) through fingerprint identification.
7. Criminal records and fingerprint files (to transfer) to the FBI from
other police agencies.
8. Special agents (to instruct) in modern crime detection methods.
9. Many accidents (to cause) by dangerous drivers.
8.4. Раскройте скобки, используя Past Simple Passive:
1. During the preliminary investigation more than twenty witnesses
(to interview).
2. The suspect positively (to identify) by several of his victims.
3. During a burglary the window of the shop (to break).
4. A suspected person (to apprehend).
5. The soldiers (to give) an order to attack.
6. The suspect (to arrest) on different charges.
7. The Criminal Investigation Department (to create) in the 19th century.
8. A dangerous fugitive (to locate) and (to arrest).
9. A lot of money (to steal) in the robbery.
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8.5. Раскройте скобки, используя Future Simple Passive:
1. Practical skills (to pay) great attention to in the course of training.
2. The gang leaders (to convict) on the basis of sufficient evidence.
3. Everybody in the street (to arrest) after 10 o’clock.
4. The investigations (to finish) by the end of the month.
5. The defendant (to fine) by a judge by the end of the trial.
6. The accused (to sentence) to jail.
7. A sum of money (to pay) by a person for being released.
8. The bags (to take) to the police station next time.
9. Tomorrow you (to give) plenty of time to decide.
8.6. Переделайте упражнения, используя пассивный залог:
1. Someone has given him a lot of money.
2. The police arrested two hundred people.
3. We check every car engine thoroughly.
4. We export this computer to seventy different countries.
5. They opened the prison at nine o’clock.
6. We sent two million fingerprints to the FBI.
7. They have invited five witnesses to the police station.
8. We have told him not to be late again.
9. They paid me a lot of money to do the job.
10. He collected sufficient evidence.
8.7. Перефразируйте предложения:
1. Someone’s interviewing Dr Johnson at the moment.
Dr Johnson ….
2. You mustn’t use this machine after 5.30 p.m. This machine ….
3. We had warned him the day before not to go too near the prison.
He ….
4. They were painting the outside of the ship when the accident hap-
pened. The outside of the ship ….
5. You must clean this machine every time you use it. This machine ….
6. You should keep the flowers in a warm sunny place. The flowers ….
7. Someone will drive your car to Edinburgh on Tuesday.
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Your car ….
8. We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant. Smoking ….
9. You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel. Your bill ….
10. I have told the children about the accident. The children ….
11. About thirty million people are watching this programme.
This programme ….
12. We expect people not to talk during the trial. People ….
13. You mustn’t touch this button while the experiment is in progress.
This button ….
14. Someone will blow a whistle if there is an emergency.
A whistle ….
15. Someone was carrying the bomb to a safe place when it exploded.
The bomb ….
16. The police are questioning Mr. and Mrs. Davidson.
Mr. and Mrs. Davidson ….
17. Someone checks the water level every week. The water level ….
18. We invited two hundred people to the wedding.
Two hundred people ….
19. Fortunately, they didn’t damage the machinery. The machinery ….
20. Someone killed the President last night. The President ….
8.8. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
The letter is written in English.
The problem has been settled.
He assured us the matter would be considered very soon.
8.9. Раскройте скобки, используя правильные формы:
Yesterday evening, a black BMW (to steal) from outside the home of
Mr. John Simpson. Mr. Simpson (to telephone) the police. Later that evening,
the car (to see) in the High Street by Mr. Simpson's wife, Laura. It was outside the Red Lion Hotel. The keys were in the car, so she (to drive) it home!
The police (to look) for a careless thief!
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8.10. Соотнесите предложения 1 – 8 с правилами употребления
1. Smoking is not allowed in the reception room.
а) Неизвестно, кто выполняет дей-
ствие
2. Talks will be held in Stockholm next
week.
3. Fees must be paid in advance.
4. The kidnappers have been arrested.
5. Cars left here will be towed away.
6. The research was carried out last
year.
7. The check must be signed.
8. All the documents have been stolen.
б) Неважно, кто выполняет действие
в) Из контекста ясно, кто выполняет
действие
г) Газетный заголовок (название
статьи), привлекающий внимание к
происходящим событиям
д) Описание процесса в инструкциях, научных работах, собственно
инструкции, правила
пассивного залога:
8.11. Подумайте, какое из предложений лучше использовать – в
активном залоге или в пассивном:
There’s going to be a big art exhibition.
a) A lot of visitors will be attracted to it.
b) It will attract a lot of visitors.
2. Telephone is an apparatus with which people can talk to each other
over long distances.
a) The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.
b) A. Bell invented the telephone.
3. A. Bell is a British inventor who went to live in Canada and then
in the USA.
a) The telephone was invented by A. Bell.
b) A. Bell invented the telephone,
4. We’ve bought a new computer.
a) It can do the job much more quickly.
b) The job can be done much more quickly.
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8.12. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
London
There are many beautiful cities in the world and London is one of
them. Every city has its own face, so has London. There are a lot of beautiful sights of interest here and I’d like to tell about some of them.
The heart of London is Trafalgar Square with Nelson`s column in
the middle of it. The square was called so in memory of the victory of the
British Fleet over the combined Fleets of Spain and France at the place of
Trafalgar. The victory was won at the cost of Nelson`s life, the famous
English Admiral at that time. There is a bronze lion at each corner of the
monument.
Trafalgar Square is situated in one of the four districts of London,
Westminster. Westminster is known as the district of governmental offices.
Here in Westminster Palace is the House of Parliament, called so because
there are two houses in the British Parliament– the House of Lords and the
House of Commons. Both are situated in one and the same building, but at
the opposite ends of it. On the highest towers of the building there is the
clock and bell "Big Ben", called after the chief Commissioner of Works at
that time Sir Benjamin Hall, a very tall stout man, whose nickname was
"Big Ben".
Not far from the Westminster Palace is Westminster Abbey which
was built by the architect Sir Christopher Wren. Westminster Abbey is famous for the Poets` corner, because many of the greatest writers and poets
are buried here: Dickens, Tennyson, Rudyard, Kipling etc.
The other districts of London are: the West End, the East End and
the City. The West End is a fashionable district. There are a lot of expensive shops, restaurants, hotels, bars, big houses, theatres, cinemas, picture
galleries.
The East End is not so beautiful and fashionable as the West End. Here
are factories, plants, poor little houses, narrow streets. The East End is the
hands of London.
The City is a business center of London. Here are all business offices
and firms. It is the oldest part of London. During the day the City has a population of half a million, but at nights there’s no traffic and very few people.
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Great Britain is a monarchy but one cannot but mention the Buckingham
Palace, the residence of the British Queen and her family. Her small residence
is Windsor, not far away from London.
When speaking on London one cannot but mention its parks. Londoners
are proud of such parks as Hyde Park, Regent Park, Kensington Gardens in
which they forget that there is a large city around them so beautiful and restful
they are. Hyde Park is especially known for its Speakers` Corner.
8.13. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is the heart of London?
2. How many districts are there in London?
3. What is your native city?
4. What do you know about Nelson?
5. How many houses are there in the British Parliament?
6. Who is Sir Benjamin Hall?
7. What is famous Westminster Abbey for?
8. What is the oldest part of London?
9. What is the most fashionable district in London?
8.14. Найдите следующие словосочетания в тексте:
красивые достопримечательности; была названа в честь победы;
знаменитый адмирал в то время; район правительственных учреждений;
бедные маленькие домишки, узкие улочки; невозможно не упомянуть о
парках.
8.15. Перескажите текст:
Washington
The capital of the USA is the city of Washington, which is a very differ-
ent sort of place. Washington, indeed, is like no other city of the USA.
The flag of the USA has about 50 stars on a blue background. Each of
these stars represents one of the fifty states. But the city of Washington is not
in any of these states. It is said to belong to all of them and kept by all of them.
Washington is the world’s largest one-industry town. That industry is
government.
Other American cities exist for a variety of reasons: New York is a
center of finance, of shipping, of fun; New Orleans deals in cotton; Chicago
will sell wheat. But Washington was created to be the seat of government of
the nation. Its streets and buildings were laid out that intention.
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There is a law against building structures more than 90 feet high in
this city, so it presents a different appearance from New York with its skyscrapers.
Not far from the Capitol is the Library of Congress, built to hold five
million books. The law of 1870 makes it obligatory to send to the library
two copies of every book, newspaper or any other published item.
Washington does not have a subway system, there are only buses and
street cars.
The city of Washington is divided into four quarters as North-east
(NE), Northwest (NW), South west (SW) and Southeast (SE). Street addresses usually have these marks to make postal delivery easier.
From miles around can be seen the tall structure of the Washington
Monument, set up to commemorate George Washington also called «the
pencil». It is on the hill behind the White House. The Monument is 500 feet
high.
Many tourists come to Washington every summer to see the nation`s
capital. Many planes land on two Washington’s airfields – the National and
Friendship Air Ports.
The city`s pride is the Union Railroad Station. It is bigger than the
Capitol itself. Twenty train tracks enter the station on the upper level and
twelve on the lower. It is so big that can hold an army of fifty thousand men.
8.16. Составьте собственные предложения, используя следую-
щие словосочетания:
a very different sort of place, on a background, cities exist for, is like
no other, is a center of, government, there is a law, with its skyscrapers, not
far from, built to hold, a subway system, to send to the library, is divided
into four, many tourists come to, from miles around can be seen, the city`s
pride is, it is bigger than, on the upper level, an army, indeed, the White
House.
8.17. Найдите следующие словосочетания в тексте:
представляет один из пятидесяти штатов; существует системы
метрополитена; увидеть столицу наций; гордость; четверть; действи-
тельно; представлять; принадлежать.
118
8.18. Подготовьте пересказ текста.
8.19. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
Moscow
Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is one of the biggest and the most
beautiful cities in the world. Moscow is the center of Russian economy,
politics, and culture. It is the place where the government of our country
works. Moscow is a modern city. The population of the city is more than
10 million people. Moscow was founded in 1147 by Yuri Dolgoruky. The
total area of Moscow is about nine hundred square kilometers. Moscow is
famous for its historical and architectural monuments that were built by
outstanding architects. The Red Square is the central and the most beautiful
square in Moscow. It is a place of parades, meetings and demonstrations.
There is a Cathedral of St. Basil built in 1552. It is a masterpiece of Russian architecture. The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin. There is a wonderful architectural ensemble with 3 cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the
Great, palaces, fortress walls and 20 towers. The most famous of the towers is the Spasskaya Tower with a big clock. The Kremlin with golden
domes and towers makes a strong impression on tourists. Young people
like to visit the Central Military Museum. There are many tanks, guns and
war documents there. One can see the Kremlin and Red Square in the city's
center. There are many fine buildings, wide streets, green parks, large
squares, churches and monuments in Moscow. It is of cultural importance
to mention such famous monuments as monuments to the great Russian
writer Alexander Pushkin and to the first Russian printer Ivan Fedorov.
Tourists and foreigners from all over the world see these magnificent monuments, when they come to Moscow.
The skyscrapers decorate Moscow, including Moscow University
and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Moscow is a scientific and cultural
center with a lot of institutes, universities, libraries, museums.
The city is rich in historical life. It has a lot of cinemas, clubs, concert halls, more than 40 drama and musical theatres, including the Bolshoi
Theatre, the Art Theatre, the Maly Theatre, the Vakhtangov Theatre.
Moscovites are proud of their museums: the Tretyakov Gallery, Pushkin
Museum of Fine Arts and many literary museums. Crowds of people visit
the Tretyakov Gallery admiring beautiful pictures of Russian painters.
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There are a lot of big plants and factories in Moscow that produce cars, lorries, home electrical appliances and so on.
8.20. Найдите в тексте следующие словосочетания:
современный, место, выдающийся, шедевр, дворец, площадь,
купол, производить впечатление, широкие улицы, иностранцы, изо-
биловать, великий ученый, в то время, эффективный, спортивные игры, соревнования, великолепный.
8.21. Составьте свои предложения, используя их.
8.21. Составьте вопросы к тексту.
Фонетические упражнения
8.22. Выучите любую из предложенных скороговорок наизусть:
Solomon Grundy born on a Monday
Christened on Tuesday,
Married on Wednesday,
Ill on Thursday,
Worse on Friday,
Died on Saturday,
Buried on Sunday,
That was the end of Solomon Grundy.
A black cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat.
How many cookies could a good cook cook if a good cook could
cook ... could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook
cookies.
The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.
A twister of twists once twisted a twist.And the twist that he twisted
was a three twisted twist. Now in twisting this twist, if a twist should untwist, would the twist that untwisted untwist the twists.
Roberta ran rings around the Rome ruin.
Why do you cry, Willy? Why do you cry?
Why, Willy? Why, Willy? Why, Willy? Why?
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