Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:English for IT students. Учебное пособие
.pdf
РОССИЙСКИЙ НОВЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
_________________________________________________
И.Н. МОРОЗ
English for IT students
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
Москва
2012
УДК 811.111 (075.8)
ББК 81.2 Англ-923
М-80
Рецензенты:
Кандидат филологических наук,
доцент, заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков РосНОУ
М.Н. Алексеева
Кандидат филологических наук,
доцент кафедры индоевропейских и восточных языков МГОУ
О.А. Горбачёва
Рекомендовано кафедрой иностранных языков
Российского нового университета
Одобрено Научно-методическим советом
Российского нового университета
Мороз И.Н.
М-80 English for IT students : учебное пособие. – М. : РосНОУ,
2012. – 152 с.
Учебное пособие предназначено для обучения английскому
языку программистов, операторов ЭВМ и других специалистов, связанных с информатикой и вычислительной техникой. Языковой материал пособия отобран с учетом потребностей данной категории
обучаемых.
Пособие состоит из пяти разделов, последовательное изучение
которых позволяет получить общее представление о компьютере, его
истории, возможностях, видах и основных
В результате многократного повторения основной тематической лексики достигается ее прочное усвоение.
Рекомендовано студентам всех форм обучения. Наличие ответов к заданиям и тематического словаря позволяет использовать его
для самостоятельной
© РосНОУ, 2012
работы.
сферах применения.
© И.Н. Мороз, 2012
2
SECTION 1. FIRST STEPS IN IT ENGLISH: WORDS,
UNIT A. PARTS AND MEASUREMENTS
1. Vocabulary
to compute
computer
PC – personal computer
desktop
part
device
hardware
drive
hard drive
floppy disk drive
CD-ROM drive
CD-rewriter
CD – compact disk
DVD – digital
versatile disk
tower
mouse
key
keyboard
peripherals
to store
storage
storage device
memory
RAM – random
access memory
NOTIONS, MEASUREMENTS
ROM – read only
memory
unit
to measure
measurement
bit – binary digit
byte
kilobyte, megabyte (MB)
gigabyte (GB)
hertz
megahertz (MHz)
gigahertz (GHz)
inch
speed
size
rate
to process
processor
CPU – central
processing unit
to control
to perform
performance
to run
to move
movement
to remove
software
program
to program
programmer
to operate
operation
OS – operating/operation
system
display
to display
monitor
to monitor
screen
to print
printer
type
to type
character
letter
graphics
image
picture
3
a) Chose the correct translation:
Example: 1 – с
1) to measure
a) обрабатывать b) выполнять c) измерять d) запускать
2) device
a) экран b) устройство c) привод d) память
3) to run
a) обрабатывать b) выполнять c) измерять d) запускать
4) screen
a) экран b) устройство c) привод d) память
5) drive
a) экран b) устройство c) привод d) память
6) size
a) размер b) скорость c) память d) привод
7) to perform
a) обрабатывать b) выполнять c) измерять d) запускать
8) to process
a) обрабатывать b) выполнять c) измерять d) запускать
9) speed
a) размер b) скорость c) память d) привод
10) storage
a) экран b) устройство c) привод d) память
b) Match the words with their meanings:
Example: 1 – e
1) keyboard
2) desktop
a) набирать
b) устройство
4
3) unit
j
j
4) performance
5) operate
6) device
7) type
8) process
9) store
10) part
c) Match the words with their definitions:
Example: 1 – с
1) character
2) hardware
3) megabyte
4) performance
5) process
6) software
7) store
8) image
9) device
10) megahertz
d) Make up two-word expressions:
Example: to process data
to process
to control
to watch
c) работать
d) обрабатывать
e) клавиатура
f) хранить
g) блок
h) деталь
i) настольный
) быстродействие
a) how well or badly a computer, machine,
etc. works or does smth
b) the programs used by a computer
c) a single letter, number or space that is
typed in a computer document
d) a copy or picture of smth seen on a com-
puter
e) the machinery and electronic parts of a
computer system that you can touch
f) to keep information or data in a computer’s
memory
g) a unit for measuring the speed of a CPU
h) a tool or a piece of equipment made for a
particular purpose
i) a unit for measuring computer memory
) (used about a computer) to read data and
use it to perform a series of tasks (operations)
movies
a program
games
5
a binary
j
an operation
to type
to measure
to play
to run
a storage
e) Make up three-word expressions:
Example: Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Central
Random
Read
Hard
Digital
f) Find synonyms:
Example: keep – store
10) computer
g) Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
1) Most computers run the Microsoft Windows OS.
2) We _______ the size of the hard disk in gigabytes.
1) character
2) speed
3) device
4) keep
5) image
6) software
7) storage
8) operate
9) part
measure, CPU, graphics, movies, run
data
hardware
device
digit
system
size
letters
Access
Versatile
Only
Processing
Disk
a) picture
b) machine
c) work
d) rate
e) component
f) store
g) letter
h) program
i) hardware
) memory
Disk
Drive
Memory
Memory
Unit
, processes, RAM
6
3) Watching _______ on the Internet needs a faster _______.
4) The CPU controls how fast the computer _______ data.
5) Programs with a lot of _______ need a large _______ to run well.
h) Guess what it is:
1) a device that can read and write to writable disks;
2) a tool or a piece of equipment made for a particular purpose;
3) the part of the computer that reads and stores information on
disks;
4) a machine that is connected to a computer and that prints on paper;
5) the set of buttons (keys) that you press to operate a computer;
6) a separate part of a PC with a large screen that shows informa-
tion from the computer;
7) a small device that you move across a surface with your hand to
control the movement of the cursor;
8) the general term used for a computer, which usually consists of
a monitor, a tower, a keyboard and a mouse;
9) any piece of hardware (= machinery, etc. that forms part of or is
connected to a computer) apart from the CPU and the working
memory (RAM);
10) a metal box that contains the CPU, hard disk drive and power
supply for a PC.
2. Reading
a) Read the text quickly. Match the headings (a – d) with the
paragraphs (1 – 4):
(a) Memory (b) Speed (c) PCs and Notebooks (d) Hardware/
Software
1. The parts of a computer you can touch, such as the monitor
or the Central Processing Unit (CPU) are hardware. All hardware
except the CPU and the working memory are called peripherals.
Computer programs are software. The operating system (OS) is
software that controls the hardware. Most computers run the Microsoft Windows OS. MacOS and Linux are other operating systems.
7
2. The CPU controls how fast the computer processes data, or
information. We measure its speed in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). The higher the speed of the CPU, the faster the computer will run. You can type letters and play computer games with a
500 MHz CPU. Watching movies on the Internet needs a faster
CPU and a modem.
3. We measure the Random Access Memory (RAM) of the
computer in megabytes (MB). RAM controls the performance of the
computer when it is working and moves data to and from the CPU.
Programs with a lot of graphics need a large RAM to run well.
The hard disk stores data and software programs. We measure the
size of the hard disk in gigabytes (GB).
4. Computer technology changes fast, but a desktop PC (Personal Computer) usually has a tower, a separate monitor, a keyboard and a mouse. The CPU, modem, CD-ROM and floppy disk
drives are usually inside the tower. A notebook is a portable computer with all these components inside one small unit. Notebooks
have a screen, not a monitor, and are usually more expensive than
desktops with similar specifications.
b) Look at these words. Write H (hardware), P (peripheral),
S (software) or M (measurement) next to each one:
1) CPU ___ 2) MacOS ___ 3) megabyte (MB) ___ 4) printer ___
5) RAM ___ 6) megahertz (MHz) ___ 7) mouse ___ 8) modem ___ 9) Linux ___ 10) scanner ___ 11) gigabytes ___ (GB)
12) floppy disk ___
c) Match the highlighted words and phrases in the text with the
definitions (1 – 7):
Example: 1 – components
1) parts
2) pictures and images
3) reads and uses data
4) measurements
5) use a computer program
6) keeps data in the memory
7) how well a computer does some-
thing
8
Приставки для образования десятичных кратных
и дольных единиц
Наименования десятичных кратных и дольных единиц
образуются присоединением нижеуказанных приставок к наименованиям исходных единиц.
da
–
deca (дека – да) = 101
h
hecto (гекто – г) = 10
–
k
–
kilo (кило – к) = 10
M
–
mega (мега – М) = 10
G
–
giga (гига – Г) = 10
T
–
tera (тера – Т) = 10
P
–
peta (пета – П) = 10
E
–
exa (экса – Э) = 10
18
d
–
2
3
6
9
12
15
deci (деци – д) = 10–1
c
centi (санти – с) = 10
–
m
–
milli (милли – м) = 10
–
micro (микро – мк) = 10
n
–
nano (нано – н) = 10–9
p
–
pico (пико – п) = 10
f
–
femto (фемто – ф) = 10
a
–
atto (атто – а) = 10
–18
–12
–2
–3
–6
–15
9
UNIT B. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
1. Vocabulary
to accept
step
to involve
to feed (fed)
set
to set
set-up
to put
to input
to output
to make
to make up
make-up
to call
to consist
main memory
influence
to influence
influential
to execute
executive
to hold (held)
to hold down
current
currently
to attach
attachment
to provide
permanent
to equip
equipment
socket
to connect
connection
handle
to handle
able
to enable
common
to extract
means
by means of
to plug
range
general
generally
main
a) Chose the correct translation:
1) consist
a) прикреплять b) состоять c) извлекать d) составлять
2) extract
a) прикреплять b) состоять c) извлекать d) составлять
10
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]