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Файл:English for IT students. Учебное пособие
.pdf
as the name suggests are used for moving the cursor around the
text for editing purposes.
Cursor editing usually applies to the manipulation of smaller
blocks of text, say a maximum of one line, and consists of inserting, deleting and replacing text. For example, to correct a spelling
mistake, first of all use the cursor to the right of the incorrect letter
and delete it using the delete key. This key is usually found above
the enter key and is marked with an arrow pointing to the left. The
required replacement letter is then simply typed from the keyboard
and the rest of the text in the paragraph will simply re-align itself.
121
KEYS
Section 1. First Steps in IT English: Words, Notions,
Measurements
Unit A. Parts and Measurements
1. Vocabulary
a) 1-с, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a, 5-c, 6-a, 7-b, 8-a, 9-b, 10-d
b) 1-e, 2-i, 3-g, 4-j, 5-c, 6-b, 7-a, 8-d, 9-f, 10-h
c) 1-c, 2-e, 3-i, 4-a, 5-j, 6-b, 7-f, 8-d, 9-h, 10-g
d)
to process data
to control hardware
to watch movies
a binary digit
an operation system
to type letters
to measure size
to play games
to run a program
a storage device
e)
Central Processing Unit
Random Access Memory
Read Only Memory
Hard Disk Drive
Digital Versatile Disk
f)
character – letter
speed – rate
device – hardware
keep – store
image – picture
software – program
122
storage – memory
operate – work
part – component
computer – machine
g)
1 – run, 2 – measure, 3 – movies, CPU, 4 – processes, 5 – graphics,
RAM
h)
1) CD-rewriter (abbr CD-RW)
2) device
3) drive
4) printer
5) keyboard
Unit B. What is a Computer
1. Vocabulary
a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b, 5-b, 6-c, 7-a, 8-a, 9-d, 10-d
b) 1-c, 2-j, 3-e, 4-g, 5-a, 6-i, 7-h, 8-b, 9-f, 10-d
c) 1-a, 2-e, 3-j, 4-g, 5-b, 6-c, 7-i, 8-d, 9-h, 10-f
d)
to accept data
main memory
storage devices
optical drive
input devices
physical units
computer system
to process data
finished product
permanent storage
e) 8-a, 4-b, 10-с, 2-d, 9-e, 5-f, 7-g, 1-h, 6-I, 3-j
6) monitor
7) mouse
8) PC abbr personal computer
9) peripheral
10) tower
123
2. Reading
b) a-3, b-8, с-5, d-6, e-2, f-1, g-7, h-4, i-9
c) 1-process, 2-operate, 3-output, 4-type, 5-hardware, software
Section 2. When You Turn on Your Computer
Unit A. Desktop
1. Vocabulary
a) 1-d, 2-b, 3-b, 4-d, 5-c, 6-a, 7-c, 8-a, 9-c, 10-b
b) 1-e, 2-h, 3-b, 4-g, 5-j, 6-с, 7-I, 8-f, 9-d, 10-a
c) 1-f, 2-a, 3-h, 4-j, 5-b, 6-i, 7-g, 8-c, 9-d, 10-e
d) 1-d, 2-f, 3-j, 4-h, 5-a, 6-i, 7-g, 8-c, 9-e, 10-b
3. Reading
a)
1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a
b) 1-, 2+, 3+, 4-, 5-, 6+
c) 1-appears, 2-background, 3-double click, 4-folder, 5-main,
6-personalize
d) 5-a, 1-b, 4-c, 2-d, 3-e
Unit B. Graphics User Interface
1. Vocabulary
a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-b, 4-b, 5-a, 6-a, 7-d, 8-c, 9-c, 10-d
b) 1-b, 2-g, 3-j, 4-a, 5-e, 6-i, 7-d, 8-f, 9-h, 10-c
c) 1-h, 2-b, 3-j, 4-c, 5-g, 6-e, 7-i, 8-a, 9-d, 10-f
d)
user interface
dialog box
scroll bar
tool bar
touch screen
drop-down menu
start button
compatible devices
task bar
resident program
124
e) 1-buttons, 2-taskbar, 3-touchscreen, 4-resident, 5-user interface,
6-allows, 7-Start button, 8-choosing, 9-represent, 10-to hover
2. Speaking
b) 1-b, 2-f, 3-i, 4-a, 5-k, 6-h
5. Solve Anagrams
1-interactive, 2-location, 3-pointer, 4-toolbar, 5-clipboard, 6-available,
7-interface, 8-search, 9-select, 10-compatible
Section 3. The Very First Contacts with your Computer
Unit A. Keys and Buttons
1. Vocabulary
a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-a, 4-b, 5-c, 6-c, 7-d, 8-d, 9-c, 10-a
b) 1-c, 2-j, 3-a, 4-g, 5-b, 6-d, 7-f, 8-e, 9-i, 10-h
c) 1-c, 2-h, 3-f, 4-a, 5-j, 6-d, 7-i, 8-g, 9-e, 10-b
d) 1) capital letter, 2) brief description, 3) word processing, 4) keyboard layout, 5) to access data, 6) application program, 7) to cancel
an instruction, 8) to sign a document, 9) alternative character,
10) blank space
2. Reading
a) 1-Space Bar, 2-Return/Enter, 3-Escape, 4-Alt, 5-Delete, 6-Shift,
7-Caps Lock, 8-Tab, 9-Arrow Keys, 10-Backspace
3. Listening
b)
a-the main keyboard, b-the function keys, c-the editing keys, d-the
numeric keypad
d)
1-This key moves the cursor up.
2-This key moves the cursor to the left.
3-This key deletes a character.
4-+
5-+
6-This key brings you to the beginning of the line.
7-This key gives you all upper case letters.
125
4. Reading
c) 1-modern, 2-each, 3-alphabetical, 4-together, 5-these, 6-six,
7-caused, 8-hit, 9-most-used, 10-down
d) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-b, 5-c.
Unit B. Creating, Saving and Storing Files
1. Vocabulary
a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-a, 5-c, 6-d, 7-d, 8-b, 9-a, 10-d
b) 1-d, 2-h, 3-j, 4-a, 5-c, 6-i, 7-b, 8-g, 9-?, 10-f
c) 1-e, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a, 5-I, 6-c, 7-h, 8-f, 9-g
d) 1-C: drive icon, 2-drop-down, 3-cursor, 4-pointer, 5-maximize,
6-restore
2. Reading
c) a-5, b-2, c-3, d-4
d) 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
e) 1+, 2+, 3 -, 4+, 5 -, 6+, 7+, 8+
f) 1-existing, 2-digital, 3-Untitled, 4-Save in, 5-default, 6-Save as type
Section 4. History and Generations of Computers
Unit A. Development of Computing
1. Vocabulary
a) 1-a; 2-b; 3-c; 4-d; 5-c, 6-a, 7-a, 8-c, 9-b, 10-b
b) 1-g, 2-a, 3-j, 4-e, 5-c, 6-i, 7-d, 8-h, 9-f, 10-b
c) to click on (button)
(graphics, user’s) interface
to develop (a program, an application)
to set up (a program)
(double) click
d)
a-memory, processor
b-develop
c-microchip
d-click
126
2. Reading
c) 1-c, 2-e, 3-f, 4-a, 5-g, 6-d, 7-b.
e)
1. Four.
2. Over 70,000,000.
3. Xerox Corporation.
4. Apple.
5. These are systems in which users type in commands to perform
a function.
6. Digital Research disk operating system.
7. c.
8. Microchips in washing-machines and cars; books may not be
published in paper form; information available world-wide.
f)
international
contested
errors
paid for
buy
first
recommendation
improved
Unit B. History of Computers
1. Vocabulary
a) 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c, 5-c, 6-c, 7-b
b) 1-f, 2-j, 3-g, 4-a, 5-c, 6-i, 7-b, 8-h, 9-e, 10-d
c)
to solve (problems)
a digital (computer)
(vacuum) tube
addition and (subtraction)
(division) and multiplication
2. Reading
c)
1. The slide rule is a modern invention. (False)
world-wide
challenged
mistakes
funded
purchase
initial
endorsement
upgraded
127
2. (True)
3. (True)
4. (True)
5. Instructions which are not being executed are usually kept in
secondary memory. (False)
6. The use of transistors increased the speed at which calculations
were done. (False)
7. (True)
8. (True)
9. Computer ethnology is constantly developing and at a very fast
rate. (False)
d) Device, devised, a great deal, mistakes, figure out.
e) Modern, several, cut out, predecessors, obsolete
f)
1-c
2-j
3-h
4-f
5-b
6-g
7-e
8-i
9-a
10-d
g)
Time Event
Primitive times
Later
th
17
and 18th
centuries
1820
1830
1930
1944
1946
1947
1950
1960
Ten fingers of a means hand
Abacus invented
J. Napier devised mechanical way of multiplying
and dividing.
Henry Briggs produced logarithm.
Newton and Leibnitz invented Calculus.
The first calculating machine appeared.
Charles Babbage designed The Analytical Engine.
The first analog computer was built by Bush.
The first digital computer was completed.
First use of vacuum tubes in digital computers.
Newmann developed ideas of keeping instructions
inside memory.
First-generation computers using vacuum tubes
Second-generation computers using transistors
128
1965
now
Future
Third-generation computers using controlled by
tiny integrated circuits
Fourth-generation computers reduced in size – microminiaturization by means of chips.
Today’s computers will be obsolete.
Section 5. Computer Types and Uses
Unit A. Kinds of Computers
1. Vocabulary
a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-c, 5-a, 6-b, 7-d, 8-a, 9-b, 10-c
b) 1-c, 2-j, 3-a, 4-f, 5-h, 6-b, 7-i, 8-d, 9-e, 10-g
с) 1-g, 2-b, 3-j, 4-d, 5-c, 6-i, 7-a, 8-f, 9-h, 10-e
2. Comparing computer types
d)
1) 1 lighter, heavier
2) largest, larger
3) more common, better
4) less powerful, less expensive
5) faster, cheaper
6) more expensive, powerful
f)
(1) – largest, (2) – the most powerful, (3) – smaller, (4) – most
common, (5) – less powerful, (6) – smaller, (7) – largest, (8) – small,
(9) – smaller, (10) – small/smallest
3. Listening
a)
a – desktop PC, b – minicomputer, c – laptop, d – mainframe,
e – handheld
b) 1-b, 2-b, 3-a, 4-b, 5-a
4. Listening
a)
1) The customer wants a computer for:
writing +
graphics
129
games +
Internet +
video
2. A multimedia computer provides:
sound +
graphics +
animation +
telephone
video +
b)
A B Device
multimedia computer
+ multimedia notebook
+ subnotebook
laptop
+ handheld
printer
monitor
+ modem
Portable Computers
1. Vocabulary
a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-b, 4-a, 5-c, 6-b, 7-d, 8-a, 9-c, 10-d
b) 1-i, 2-f, 3-b, 4-j, 5-a, 6-с, 7-g, 8-d, 9-h, 10-e
с) 1-c, 2-d, 3-j, 4-h, 5-a, 6-f, 7-g, 8-i, 9-b, 10-e
2. Reading
a) 1-g, 2-f, 3-a, 4-e, 5-b, 6-d, 7-c
c)
1-F
2-F (it has been in development for 20 years according to the text)
3-T
4-T
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