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Файл:English for Law Enforcement Professionals (Английский язык для сотрудников правоохранительных органов). Ч.1. Учебное пособие
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8.23. Разделите следующие слова на две группы. В первой напи-
[θ]
[ð]
[s]
[z]
[ɪ]
[i:]
шите слова со звуком [θ], а во второй – со звуком [ð]. Используйте
словарь, если затрудняетесь ответить. Продолжите ряд теми словами, которые знаете:
with, think, thank, teeth, that, there, thing, thousand, those, through,
though, throw
8.24. Прочитайте следующие слова и назовите, в каких оконча-
ниях читается [s], а в каких – [z].
lamps, cats, days, feelings, roads, telephones, notes, rooms, plays,
plates, laws, stores, names, duties, families, texts.
8.25. Распределите слова согласно их звучанию. Незнакомые
слова уточните в словаре с транскрипцией:
big, busy, dinner, give, green, in, listen, meet, office, people, pizza,
please, repeat, six, tea, three
Словообразование в английском языке
Словосложение – это образование новых слов путем соединения двух
или более слов в сложное слово. Например, gunman – вооруженный преступник, бандит, pawnshop – ломбард, birthright – право по рождению.
8.26. Переведите следующие слова и составьте свои предложе-
ния с ними:
blackmail, penny-weighter, blackmarket, man-in-possession, masterat-arms, seaman, policeman, mother-in-law.
Инверсия в английском языке
Инверсией называется нарушение прямого порядка слов в английском
предложении, при котором сказуемое может быть поставлено перед подле-
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жащим. Нестандартный порядок слов применяется в некоторых конструкциях
или при необходимости эмоционально выделить определенное слово.
Основные случаи инверсии в английском языке
Оборот there is / there are
Данный оборот используется для указания на то, что в определенном
месте находится или существует некий предмет или лицо. В предложении он
идет на первом месте, затем существительное и относящиеся к нему слова, а
затем обстоятельство:
There is some noise outside. – Снаружи какой-то шум.
There are several mistakes in your translation. – В твоем переводе
несколько ошибок.
There are so many places to see! – Есть столько мест, которые еще
нужно увидеть!
После прямой речи:
"How are you?" said Winnie-the-Pooh. – Как ты? – спросил Винни-Пух.
Eeyore shook his head from side to side. "Not very how," he said. – Иа-
Иа покачал головой. Не очень как! – сказал он.
Предложения, начинающиеся с here / there:
Here is located a nice Italian restaurant. – Здесь расположен
прекрасный итальянский ресторанчик.
Here is our new office. – Вот наш новый офис.
Как и в предыдущем случае, местоимения остаются на своем обычном
месте перед сказуемым:
Here are my keys. – А вот и мои ключи.
Here they are. – Вот они.
В условных предложениях с глаголами was, were, had, could, should:
Had I more money, I would have bought a much better present. – Было
б у меня больше денег, я бы купил подарок гораздо лучше.
Should you need anything, feel free to tell me. – Если Вам что-то
понадобится, скажите мне.
Сложные предложения, начинающиеся со слов hardly, scarcely, no soon-
er, never, nothing, not only:
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Hardly had I crossed the threshold, when a huge dog jumped on me
and started licking my face. – Едва я пересек порог, на меня прыгнула
огромная собака и принялась облизывать мое лицо.
Never had I heard such a terrible singing. – Еще никогда я не слышал
такого ужасного пения.
Инверсия для эмоционального выделения
Если говорящему нужно особо выделить одно из слов, то его можно поставить в начале предложения. После него в таком случае следуют сказуемое, затем подлежащее:
In the Pyramids were buried powerful pharaohs. – В пирамидах погребались могущественные фараоны.
Также для этой цели служит оборот It is / was … that / who / whom:
It was me who found the gold in the garden yesterday. – Именно я
вчера нашел в саду золото.
It was in the garden where I found gold yesterday. – Я вчера нашел
золото именно в саду.
It was gold that I found in the garden yesterday. – Я вчера нашел в
саду именно золото.
8.27. Выучите следующие словосочетания:
Asking the way
1. Could you tell me … – Не могли бы Вы сказать мне…
2. To get on. – Садиться.
To get off. – Выходить.
3. To walk along the street. – Идти по улице.
To walk through the park. – Идти через парк.
To walk straight ahead. – Идти прямо вперед.
To walk past. – Пройти мимо.
To walk up the street. – Идти от начала к концу улицы.
To walk down the street. – Идти от конца к началу улицы.
4. To turn (to the) left. – Свернуть налево.
Turn (to the) right. – Свернуть направо.
To turn back. – Повернуть назад.
To turn round the corner. – Свернуть за угол.
Turn, n – Поворот.
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To take
a bus
a trolley bus
a tram
a taxi
underground
Сесть в
автобус
троллейбус
трамвай
такси
метро
6. To go as far as … – Доехать до…
7. To go on foot. – Идти пешком.
8. A long way from … – Далеко от …
9. To change for (a bus) – Пересесть на (автобус).
To change from one line to another. – Пересесть с одной линии
метро на другую.
10. To go the wrong way. – Идти неправильно.
11. To go the right way. – Идти правильно.
8.28. Прочитайте и постарайтесь запомнить эти выражения,
которые помогут Вам при ориентировании в городе:
Excuse me, can you tell me the (shortest) way to … ?
Excuse me, can you tell me if there’s a post office near here, please?
Excuse me, how do I get to Trafalgar Square?
Excuse me, could you tell me the way to St. Paul’s Cathedral?
Can you help me? I’m looking for a bus stop.
Excuse me, which is the shortest way to …?
Excuse me, am I right for Westminster Abbey?
Excuse me, where is the nearest bus stop?
Excuse me, does this bus (bus 43) go to the Houses of Parliament?
Excuse me, does the 44 go to the British Museum, please?
Excuse me, which buses go to the sports centre, please?
Excuse me, will this bus take me to Whitehall Street?
Do you happen to know if …
I wonder if you could possibly tell me …
Sorry to trouble you, but could you …
Turn round the corner at the library.
Turn right at the bank / at the traffic lights.
Turn left into Harley Street.
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Take the second (turning on the) right.
Go past the circus.
Go down / along this road as far as the traffic lights.
Go to the end of the road. The library is on the / your right.
Go down this street, pass the circus, then take the first turning on the right.
Go straight ahead / Go straight on at the lights.
Cross the road.
Bus 45 will take you right to the swimming pool.
You’ll have to change at the … bus stop.
It’s not very far.
You can’t miss it.
Is it far from here? / Is it far to the National Portrait Gallery?
You’d better take bus 5 (a bus).
Get off at the next stop.
How much is it to the airport?
Excuse me, does the 17 bus (bus 17) stop here, please?
Excuse me, do you know if the 38 / Highgrove bus has gone?
8.29. Прочитайте, переведите и воспроизведите следующие
диалоги:
Диалог 1
A: Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the station?
B: Turn around and turn left at the traffic-lights.
A: Will it take me long to get there?
B: No, it’s no distance at all.
A: Thank you.
B: That’s OK.
Диалог 2
A: Excuse me. Can you tell me where is the South Street?
B: Take the second on the left and then ask again.
A: Is it far?
B: No, it’s only about five minutes’ walk.
A: Many thanks.
B: Not at all.
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Диалог 3
A: Excuse me, I’m trying to find the Town Hall.
B: Take the third on the right and go straight on.
A: Should I take a bus?
B: No, you can walk it under five minutes.
A: Thank you very much indeed.
B: That’s quite all right.
Диалог 4
A: Excuse me, please. Could you tell me how to get to the town center?
B: First right, second left. You can’t miss it.
A: Is it too far to walk?
B: No, it’s only a couple of hundred yards.
A: Thanks very much.
B: It’s a pleasure.
Диалог 5
A: Excuse me!
B: Yes?
A: I’m lost! Is this the way to Brighton?
B: No, I’m afraid it isn’t. You’re going the wrong way. This is the
Portsmouth Road.
A: Oh dear! Can you tell me the way to Brighton?
B: Yes, turn round and go back to the roundabout. Take the third exit
that’s the A272.
A: The A272?
B: That’s right. You’ll see the signposts to Brighton from there.
Диалог 6
Imagine that a tourist is lost in London and asks a passer-by the way
to the Central Stadium:
T: Excuse me.
P: Yes?
T: I’m a stranger in London and I’m completely lost. Could you,
please, tell me the way to the Central Stadium.
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P: The Central Stadium? Well, look here. I’m going in the same direction myself, so I might as well show you the way there.
T: Oh, thank you. It’s very kind of you.
P: It’s all right, sir.
Диалог 7
Imagine that a tourist asks a policeman if he is right for the sports
centre:
T: Excuse me. Am I on the right road for the sports centre?
P: The sports centre? Let me think… I’m afraid you aren’t. You’ll
have to go back one block and then turn to your left. Go straight along that
street as far as the sports centre.
T: Thank you. Isn’t it better for me to take a taxi?
P: Oh. You needn’t. It’s just ten minutes’ walk from here.
T: Thank you ever so much.
P: No problem, sir.
Диалог 8
Imagine that a Russian has arrived in London airport and asks a policeman how to get to the centre of the city:
Russian: Excuse me, can you show me the way to the Trafalgar
Square?
Policeman: Certainly. You’d better go there by underground. It
would be much cheaper than a taxi. The journey from there may take you
about 40 minutes.
R.: The trouble is, I have a heavy luggage and I have to carry it myself. Would you recommend what to do?
P.: You’d better try the Airbus Service. It is ideal in this case. The
buses run every 15 – 30 minutes to the central areas of the city.
R.: I wonder what the bus fare could be?
P.: It depends on the distance. You should ask the driver, sir.
R.: Thank you very much.
P.: Have a nice time in London.
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Раздел II. Общеюридический курс
Тема 9. Исполнительная ветвь власти США.
Президент и его кабинет
Формы причастия
Причастие (The Participle) – это неличная форма глагола, совмещающая в себе свойства глагола, прилагательного и наречия.
Active (a) doing, (b) having done
Passive (a) being done, (b) done, (c) having been done
(a) Выражает действие, одновременное с действием глаголасказуемого.
(b) Выражает действие, одновременное или предшествующее глаголусказуемому.
(c) Выражает действие, предшествующее глаголу-сказуемому.
The boy playing in the garden is my son’s friend. – Мальчик, играющий
в саду, – сын моего друга.
The question being discussed now is important. – Вопрос, который
сейчас обсуждается, важный.
He put the typed texts on the table. – Он положил отпечатанные тексты
на стол.
Having taken what he wanted he left the room. – Взяв то, что ему было
нужно, он вышел из комнаты.
Необходимо обратить внимание на перевод причастий. На русский
язык причастные обороты переводятся придаточными предложениями, например:
Having been told to come later he didn’t know what to do. – Так как ему
сказали прийти позже, он не знал, что делать.
Отрицательная форма причастия
Not knowing the truth he felt unconcerned. – Не зная правды (так как
он не знал правды), он не волновался.
Not having found the book he rang up his friend. Не найдя книгу (так
как он не нашел книгу), он позвонил другу.
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Русскому действительному причастию прошедшего времени в функции
определения в английском языке соответствует придаточное определительное.
Человек, звонивший вам вчера, скоро будет здесь. – The man who
phoned you yesterday will soon be here.
9.1. Употребите причастия в форме настоящего времени дей-
ствительного залога:
She was sitting and watching the sunset. She sat watching the sunset.
1. The man who is sitting at the window is waiting for you.
2. As he was a rich man he could buy the car.
3. As she was ill she had to stay at home.
4. As she was proud of her son she often spoke about him.
5. What is the name of the man who is talking to Jack?
6. As he was late he took a taxi.
7. The child who was crying looked unhappy.
8. At last I found the page which was missing.
9. As he was interested in the subject he read a lot of books about it.
9.2. Употребите причастия в форме страдательного залога:
He took some photos of a church, which was built in the 15th century. He took some photos of a church built in the 15th century.
1. He took the camera, which was broken, and threw it away.
2. He was looking at the pictures, which had been drawn by the child.
3. The thing, which she had forgotten, was again fresh in her
memory.
4. They are looking for some treasure, which is hidden here.
5. The lanterns, which were lit, showed them the way.
6. The bird, which had been shot, fell down.
7. He likes to wear clothes, which have worn out.
8. He saw a note, which had been written in a hurry.
9. He looked through the composition the child had written.
9.3. Употребите причастия в форме прошедшего времени дей-
ствительного залога:
As I hadn’t phoned him back I had to apologise. Not having phoned
him back I had to apologize.
1. I left the luggage at the airport and went to the restaurant.
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2. As he hadn’t found the necessary papers he felt angry.
3. As he hadn’t read the book he couldn’t discuss it.
4. As they hadn’t taken a decision they turned to him for help.
5. She made dinner and decided to have a rest.
6. As he hadn’t bought tickets he couldn’t join them.
7. As he had broken his car he had to go by bus.
8. He finished the article and went to bed.
9. As he had given up smoking he felt better.
9.4. Употребите причастия в форме страдательного залога:
He was being followed and felt uneasy. Being followed he felt uneasy.
1. As he hadn’t been introduced to the other guests he felt like a
stranger.
2. As she was being looked at she felt confused.
3. He had been taught good manners and that was why he was ad-
mired by everybody.
4. The clothes, which are being sold here, are expensive.
5. As the cup was broken it was of no use.
6. He hadn’t been asked to come in and felt hurt.
7. As the flowers had been kept without water for a long time they
faded.
8. As the house was being reconstructed it was empty.
9. As he had not been told the truth he didn’t know how to act.
9.5. Составьте словарь из выделеных в тексте слов. Прочи-
тайте и переведите текст. Озаглавьте его:
The power of the Executive Branch is vested in the President of the
United States, who also acts as head of state and Commander-in-Chief of
the armed forces. The President is responsible for implementing and en-
forcing the laws written by Congress and, to that end, appoints the heads of
the federal agencies, including the Cabinet. The Vice President is also part
of the Executive Branch, ready to assume the Presidency should the need
arise.
The Cabinet and independent federal agencies are responsible for the
day-to-day enforcement and administration of federal laws. These depart-
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