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Файл:Общая теория перевода. Учебно-методическое пособие
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141
Подводя итоги, можно сказать, что так или иначе все
требования к переводу связаны и вытекают одно из другого.
Норма переводческой речи во многом полагается на жанровостилистическую норму. Считается, что переводчик должен
владеть практически в идеале тем жанром и стилем речи,
который характерен для переводимого текста. Норма
эквивалентности – это главное и конечное нормативное
требование, которое должно выполняться при переводе при
условии выполнения всех остальных норм. В. В. Сдобников
подчеркивает, что в переводческой отрасли развивается новое
направление, которое заключается в стремлении формализовать
процесс оценки качества перевода с целью повышения степени
объективности общей оценки выполненного перевода. Именно
степень соответствия текста перевода тексту оригинала дает
возможность оценивать качество перевода и профессиональный
уровень переводчика.
ВОПРОСЫ ДЛЯ САМОКОНТРОЛЯ
1.
Раскройте сущность понятия «переводческая норма».
2.
Опишите основные исторические периоды, оказавшие
влияние на эволюцию и становление «переводческой
нормы».
3.
Сколько видов переводческой нормы выделяет актуальное
переводоведение? Охарактеризуйте каждый из видов
переводческой нормы.
4.
Как соотносится норма перевода с выбором стратегии и
вида перевода?
5.
Дайте определение понятиям адекватный, эквивалентный и
точный перевод.
6. Раскройте сущность понятий буквальный, дословный и
свободный перевод.
142
ЛИТЕРАТУРА ДЛЯ ОЗНАКОМЛЕНИЯ
1. Кафискина, О. В., Проблема репрезентативности перевода и
транслатологическая классификация текстов / О. В. Кафискина, //
Вестник РУДН. Серия : Вопросы образования : языки и специальность,
Т. 14, – № 4, – 2017, – С. 750–760.
2. Комиссаров, В. Н. Теория перевода (лингвистические
аспекты) [Текст] : учебник для студентов институтов и
факультетов иностранных языков / В. Н. Комиссаров. – Репр.
изд. – Москва : Альянс, 2013. – 250 с.
3. Кузьмина, Д. А. Нормативные требования к переводу /
Д. А. Кузьмина. – Текст : непосредственный // Молодой ученый.
– 2021. – № 48 (390). – С. 537–539.
4. Правила стандартизации ПР 50.1.027–2014. Правила
оказания переводческих и особых видов лингвистических услуг
от 01 апреля 2014 г. № 279-ст. – Текст: электронный //
ГАРАНТ. РУ. – 2025. – URL
https://base.garant.ru/73819368/?ysclid=miap5xq5rm963258787
5. Сдобников, В. В. Оценка качества перевода.
Коммуникативно-функциональный подход / В. В. Сдобников. –
Москва: Флинта: Наука, 2015. – 108 с.
6. Тарабунова, Н. В. К вопросу о норме и качестве
перевода / Н. В. Тарабунова // Сибирский филологический
журнал. – 2003. № 3(4). – С. 228 – 234.
7. Ткачева, Ю. Г. Понятие о репрезентативности перевода
/ Ю. Г. Ткачева // Материалы ІV Республиканской научно-
практической конференции «Актуальные проблемы
современной германской и романской филологии» (12 апреля
2018 года, г. Луганск) – С. 64–68.
143
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ БЛОК
Упражнение 1. Проанализируйте предложения и
переведите их на русский язык, заменяя определенный
артикль соответствующими русскими указательными /
притяжательными местоимениями.
I. This was the man Dorian Gray was waiting for. (O. Wilde)
2. He had met the woman at last – the woman he had thought little
about, not being given to thinking about women. (Ibid.) 3. Eight Street
Bridge is the place. (J.London) 4. And at the instant he knew, he
ceased to know. (Ibid.) 5. That’s the Barney, that has the ugly daughter.
(W. Maken) 6. “You've heard of Rancocanty?” – “I’m the man”.
(G. Byron) 7. “The Mr. Jardyce, sir, whose story I have heard?”
(C. Dickens) 8. When she smiled, he saw the Pat he had known, the
Pat smiling at him from worn photo that still lay in the pocket-book
against his heart. (J. Lindsay) 9. If I ever saw a man hopelessly hard up
it was the man in front of me. (H. Wells) 10.I was brought up by my
paternal aunt, Miss Frobisher, the Miss Frobisher of the Barton
Chapel Case and the Woman's World Humanity movement. (Ibid.)
11. He had uttered a mad wish that he himself might remain young,
and the portrait grow old. (O. Wilde) 12. It was his beauty that
ruined him, his beauty and the youth that he had prayed for. (Ibid.)
13. “Take the thing off the face. I wish to see it.” (Ibid.) 14. I know
theрабунов age better than you do, though you will prate about it so
tediously. (Ibid.) 15. The next night, of course, I arrived at the place
again. (Ibid.) 16. At last, liveried in the costume of the age, Reality
entered the room in the shape of a servant to tell the Duchess that her
carriage was waiting. (Ibid.) 17. And you have often told me that it is
personalities, not principles, that move the age. (Ibid.) 18. “He began to
talk about the house”. (J. Fowles). 19. In England he never quite
capitalized on the savage impact, the famous “black sarcasm” of the
144
Spanish drawings. (Ibid.) 20. The friendship, the rapport became
comprehensible. (Ibid.)
Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения на русский
язык. Объясните, выбор неопределенных местоимений и
количественных числительных, используемых в русском
языке для выражения лексического значения английских
артиклей.
1. “A Mr. Forsyte to see you, sir”. (J. Galsworthy) 2. “By the
way, have you any spare clothes you could give the wife of a poor
snipe?”. (Ibid.) 3. He was moving slowly on the Bond Street, when a
little light lady, coming from the backwater, and reading as she went,
ran into him behind. (Ibid.) 4. Haviland looked at him for a moment
and then hung up his hat and coat. (M. Wilson) 5. “I saw a Mrs. Danvers
on the twelfth floor at two o’clock”, he said. (D. du Maurier) 6. There
was a woman sitting before the fire. (K. Mansfield) 7. There lay a young
man, fast asleep – sleeping so soundly, so deeply, that he was far, far
away from them both. (Ibid.) 8. In a few minutes a man came in, and
George explained that the cook was sick. (E. Hemingway) 9. “We're
going to kill a Swede. Do you know a big Swede named Ole Anderson?”
(Ibid.) 10. As he swung, head down, into Talgarth Street he was
conscious, suddenly, of a man running. (A. Cronin) 11. “Not to be
acquainted with a Jamdyce is queer, ain’t it, Miss Flite?” (C. Dickens).
12. Every old gang has a Billy in it. (S. Leacock) 13. “What a fool
Rawdon Grawley has been to go and marry a governess!”
(W. Thackeray) 14. After a pause Lord Henry pulled out his watch.
(O. Wilde) 15. When all that is settled, I shall take a West End theatre
and bring her out properly. (O. Wilde) 16. A woman in a fluttering
shawl was creeping slowly by the ratlings, staggering as she went.
(Ibid.) 17. At last he heard a step outside, and the door opened. (Ibid.)
18. When a government makes a bad mistake of judgement, the
electorate turns against it as soon as it feels the effect. (J. Galsworthy)
145
Упражнение 3. Проанализируйте приведенные ниже
английские предложения. Определите, как в русском языке
реализуются контекстуальные значения выделенных
жирным шрифтом артиклей (в качестве определительного
местоимения, относительного прилагательного или любого
другого семантически- / контекстуально-подходящего
слова). Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Desperately he came to a halt in front of one decent picture
hanging on the walls. (A. Huxley) 2. I honestly think if a person’s an
artist nobody ought to have any feeling at all about meeting him.
(D. Parker) 3. Life worried and bored him, and time was a vexation.
(J. London) 4. He is a man. (Ibid.) 5. He was over to San Francisco
yesterday looking for a ship. (Ibid.) 6. “What’s that?” he replied to a
question from Olney that broke in upon his train of thought. (Ibid.)
7. “Yes, she is a peacock in everything but beauty”, said Lord Henry.
(O. Wilde) 8.1 have not laid eyes on him for a week. (Ibid.) 9. They are
always telling that it (America) is the Paradise for women. (Ibid.) 10.
Were people to gape at the mystery of his life? (Ibid.) 11. “An
eternity”, she tells me... (Ibid.) 12. There is hardly a single person in
the House of Commons worth painting . (Ibid.) 13.I want to place her
on a pedestal of gold, and to see the world worship the woman who is
mine. (Ibid.) 14. Then he discovered Henley and wrote a series of seapoems on the model of Hospital Sketches. (J. London) 15. For a
generation ... the Old Hundredth (night club) has maintained a solid
front against all adversity. (F. Fitzgerald) 16. So when a young man at
the office suggested that we take a house together in a commuting
town, it sounded like a great idea. (Ibid.) 17. “You can tell me the
truth without giving me any of that lip”. (W. Saroyan)
Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения, заменяя
выделенные артикли соответствующими частицами.
146
1. I believe some pictures of mine had made a real success at the
time... (O. Wilde) 2. It was the passions about whose origin we
deceived ourselves that tyrannised most strongly over us. (Ibid.) 3.
You are the type the age is searching for. (Ibid.) 4. It seems to be the
one thing that can make modern life mysterious or marvellous to us.
(Ibid.) 5. Conscience is the trade-name of the firm. (Ibid.) 6. “You are
the one man in the world who is entitled to know everything about me”.
(Ibid.) 7. “Years ago, when I was a boy”, said Dorian Gray. (Ibid.)
8. The very thought of it stirs me. (J. London) 9. When that was over and
he had failed to kill his loneliness but only made it worse, he had written
to her, the first one, the one who left him. (E. Hemingway) 10. “I
suppose, it's the thing to do”, Macomber agreed. (Ibid.) 11. “She
went into a house” − “Into a house!” Michael dived his cigarette-case.
(J. Galsworthy) 12. I have this coloured laundress. She is a real
character. (D. Parker) 13. – He says he wouldn't sit down at the table
with one (Negro) for a million dollars. (Ibid.) 14. She is more than an
individual. (O. Wilde) 15. “That’s better”, the sheriff said. “That's a civil
answer”. (W. Saroyan) 16. “You should go and see Claud Brains. He’s a
real genius”. (J. Galsworthy) 17. I have no doubt it was not an accident,
Dorian. (O. Wilde) 18. What a girl! (T. Dreiser) 19. ... “but Ishall have
to ask them what the name of the country is, you know” (L. Carroll)
20. It sounded an excellent plan, no doubt, and very neatly and simply
arranged. (Ibid.) 21. That will be a queer thing, to be sure! (Ibid.)
22. “Ah, that’s the great puzzle!” (Ibid.) 23. “What a curious feeling”!
said Alice. 24. Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly.
(Ibid.)
Упражнение 5. Проанализируйте предложения ниже,
переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на
разницу в лексическом значении, выраженную
неопределенным и определенным артиклями,
обозначающими рему и тему.
147
1. As he passed the bronze statue of the Four Moors a man's
figure emerged from an old house on the opposite side of the shipping
basin. 2. The man approached unsteadily along the water side,
shouting an English song. (E. Voynich) 3. As they passed by the gateway of the Uffizi, he crossed the road and stooped down at a dark
bundle that was lying against the railings. (Ibid.) 4. The bundle moved,
and answered something in a low, moaning voice. (Ibid.) 5. “What a
fool Rawdon Crawley has been to go and marry a governess!” (W.
Thackeray) 6. “But there was something about the governess too. Green
eyes, fair skin, pretty figure”. (Ibid.) 7. It was as John had said – he and
she just wanted to live and the past was in their way – a past they
had not shared in, and did not understand. (J. K. Jerome) 8. I've
written a lot of them (his sayings) down in a book for fear of losing
them. 9. It is only fair that at the back of the book I would be allowed
a few pages to myself to put down some things (Ibid.) 10. It was an
early morning of a sunny day. (Ibid.) 11. He remembered suddenly
the early morning when he slept on the house-boat after his father
died. (J. Galsworthy) 12. He wrote a pamphlet on Malt on returning
to England. (Ibid.) 13. She took an interest in the pamphlet on Malt:
was often affected, even to tears. (Ibid.) 14. There came a morning
at the end of September when aunt Ann was unable to take from
Smither's hands the insignia of personal dignity. (Ibid.) 15. The
morning after a certain night on which Soames at last asserted his
rights and acted like a man he breakfasted alone. (J. Galsworthy)
Упражнение 6. Определите структуру в приведенных
ниже двукомпонентных асиндетических субстантивных
группах. Предложите возможные способы передачи их
значения в русском языке.
1. witness testimony; 2. skills analysis; 3. night shift; 4. debt
trap; 5. Krasnodar Territory; 6. television network; 7. food prices;
8. job opportunities; 9. London docks; 10. Labour group; 11. sugar
148
steamers; 12. oil paintings; 13. school leavers; 14. oil countries;
15. wage strike; 16. forestry products; 17. economy regime; 18. pay
claim; 19. crop yields; 20. livestock products; 21. animal husbandry;
22. solid engine; 23. consumer demand; 24. wage cuts; 25. protest
demonstration; 26. Midlands unemployment; 27. promotion limitations;
28. car thieves; 29. gun licence; 30. Labour backbenchers; 31. slave
sailers (ships); 32. car bomb; 33. Sunday Express sellers; 34. nonsmoker carriage; 35. electricity cuts; 36. “keep wages down” lobby;
37. government draft; 38. Management development; 39. a question
and answer interview; 40. law and order advocates; 41. the IMF visit
(to Kyiv); 42. an oblast capital; 43. a 44-hour week; 44. a team-contract method; 45. White House intern; 46. the Guardian International
subscribers; 47. plan and production discipline; 48. Research and
Development Society. 49. Notts County vs. Bolton match; 50. Scotland Yard detectives; 51. Trafalgar Square rally; 52. the latest sun
eclipse; 53. a welfare-reform plan; 54. government bond prices;
55. a “Buy America” (American cars) campaign; 56. a price-earnings
ratio; 57. Tory failings; 58. contract killings; 59. the Osaca Summit;
60. John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library; 61. the Sea Owl submarines
(USA); 62. World Economic Forum (in Davos).
Упражнение 7. Найдите начальный компонент для
перевода на русский язык следующих двукомпонентных
асиндентических субстантивных групп с атрибутом
дополнения или ядерного существительного.
A) 1. Light music and drama programme; 2. the maximum end
results; 2. the two-way trade exchanges; 4. Russian-aMERICAN
business partnership; 5. nuclear power stations; 6. the Twin Tower
disaster. 7. Moscow-based industry analyst; 8. local sports clubs; 9.
first-ever press conference; 10. our spring musical program; 11. Royal
Court Theatre; 12. the main passenger section; 13. an in-house video
specialist; 14. major ocean routes; 15. two-seater “city cars”; 16. three-
149
party coalition government; 17. a Commercial production supervisor
and technician; 18. larger-than-local sports projects; 19. good Ryder
Cup start. 20. an island penal colony; 21. the next Cabinet meeting;
22. International Motor Show; 23. a former CIA official; 24. local
education authorities; 25. off-shore oil deposits; 26. common profit
aims; 27. British woman doctor; 28. meager salary increase; 29. current
wages negotiations; 30. the Scottish tartan Society; 31. intensivetype crop varieties; 32. the first NBA championship (U.S.A.); 33. (the)
House Republican leaders; 34. the promising soccer club; 35. the
public sector reform; 36. the modest “Santa Claus” rally; 37. a favourite
harbour party.
B) 1. the Republican party leaders; 2. the Middle East process;
3. most City of London economists; 4. the National Bank activity;
5. Scottish Electrical Workers Union; 5. a police department lawyer;
7. primary school teachers; 8. the Labour Party conference; 9. high
quality second hand cloths and accessories; 10. political committee
secretary; 11. civil defense organization; 12. social insurance expenditure; 13. Third Millennium School; 14. local government jobs; 15. Engineering Unions officials; 16. a national protest day; 17. light weight
metal; 18. tourist class double rooms; 19. the five-party Cabinet
Consultative Committee; 20. the Windows operating systems; 21.
British postal service processes; 22. Decimal Currency Board (Gr.
Brit.) 23. a solid fuel system; 24. German Booksellers and Publishers
Association; 25. a Health Sector Stream; 26. government and European
Union decisions; 27. International Copyright Protection; 28. London
Evening Standard; 29. Pharmaceutical drug stocks.
Упражнение 8. Проанализируйте приведенные ниже
трехкомпонентные асиндетические субстантивные группы.
Укажите в них наиболее близкие смысловые единицы NNтипа и исходные компоненты для их перевода на русский
язык.
150
A) 1. a Bachelor of Music Education Degree; 2. Sunday afternoon concerts; 3. the supertanker collision drama; 4. a school football
pitch; 5. Andrew Jackson Park and Museum; 6. Edinburgh Student
Unions; 7. publications control board; 8. Essex Action Committee;
9. London Business School; 10. the Detroit motor show; 11. Cossack
salt merchants; 12. school sports facilities; 13. State circuit court;
14. customer service laboratories; 15. City of London police force;
16. Westminster Defence Minister; 17. England team manager; 18. crime
figures rise; 19. Labour majority group; 20. Tory leadership election;
21. the Natural Resourses Defence Council; 22. Local Government
Officers Union; 23. New York State Governor; 24. the Youth Hostels
Association; 25. V-E Day celebrations; 26. world without bombs
conference programme; 27. the Argentine Football Association;
28. The Russian news agency TASS; 29. Moscow teachers and students
demonstration; 30. sheep skin vests; 31. 20th century sheepskin coats.
B) 1. a U.S. Administration official; 2. the world bagpipe championship; 3. the Tory selection procedure; 4. the world disarmament
conference; 5. retail food prices; 6. New Zealand Golf Association;
7. White House press secretary; 8. all day comfort lipstick;
9. Presidential prize winners; 10. Manchester City Council;
11. Stockport trade unionists; 12. depot mass meetings; 13. Pittsburgh steel works; 14. the U.S. Senate seat; 15. water conservancy
constructions; 16. Park Royal Vehicle factories; 17. South-East (a
London district) Sports Council; 18. appeal court judges; 19. the US
Negro servicemen; 20. the Girl Guide Association; 21. sugar crop
disaster (in Cuba); 22. the House of Commons committee room;
23. Medicare part В premiums; 24. the University of Toronto graduate
student; 25. the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)
liberalization commitments; 26. a baboon bone-marrow transplant;
27. upperclass mass murderer; 28. the snap opinion polls; 29. the
exchange rate level; 30. South Carolina State Museum; 31. the oblast
government administration; 32. a health insurance programme;
33. the Air Force General Staff; 34. the Air Force Command; 35. the
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