Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Грамматика английского языка готовимся к централизованному тестированию
.pdf
15. You (should / had better) set your alarm clock. You (have to / ought
to) get up early tomorrow.
III. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. … you have another cup of coee?
a. Can c. Should
b. Will d. Shall
2. I’m not feeling good. I … not fall asleep last night.
a. must c. may
b. should d. could
3. An eective manager … keep the sta motivated, especially when
things look black.
a. must c. needs
b. may d. has to
4. My dad can work from home so he … to go to the oce very often.
a. needn’t c. oughtn’t
b. mustn’t d. doesn’t have
5. I … understand what the problem is.
a. may not c. am not to
b. am not able d. cannot
6. Let’s forget about it and talk about something else, … we?
a. will c. can
b. shall d. would
7. For safety reasons, dangerous items … be taken on board the plane.
a. cannot c. should not
b. must not d. needn’t
8. Those who … manage their time eciently always have high stress
levels.
a. may not c. cannot
b. must not d. need not
9. We … wear a uniform at work because the company wants all sta-
ers to be dressed the same.
a. have to c. may
b. must d. should
10. I … remember to buy a new swimsuit before going on holiday.
a. ought c. have to
b. had better d. must
391
11. I am going to a job interview tomorrow. I … prepare all the neces-
sary documents right now.
a. may c. had better
b. ought d. have
12. Polly is away on holiday. You … have seen her in town yesterday.
a. can’t c. needn’t
b. may not d. mustn’t
13. Passengers are recommended to keep their belts fastened through-
out the ight, and must do so whenever the ‘seat belt’ sign is on.
a. have to c. may
b. must d. should
14. He tried to persuade me, but I … listen to him.
a. oughtn’t c. wouldn’t
b. shouldn’t d. couldn’t
15. I … have phoned you at 11 o’clock sharp but it totally slipped my
mind.
a. could c. should
b. might d. was to
IV. Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски предложен-
ными модальными глаголами:
could
had to
You (1) … have never heard of Mary Anderson from the USA,
but you’ve probably used her invention thousands of times in your
life! Millions of drivers in the world (2) … thank Mary Anderson for
inventing the windscreen wiper. Windscreen wipers are the two arms
on the front window of a car that wipe away the rain so the driver (3) …
to see. The idea for the invention came to Mary in 1903. Mary observed
how streetcar drivers (4) … stop and get out to clean ice and snow from
the driver’s windows. Or they (5) … open the front window of their
car to see the road in front of them when it rained. Mary decided she
(6) … to design something to help drivers. The device had a swinging
arm with a rubber blade, it was lever operated by the driver from inside
the vehicle. During the summer months the wipers (7) … be removed.
392
is able
needn’t
would be able
had to
may
should
By 1916 windscreen wipers were standard equipment on vehicles,
but were electrically operated by then. Because of Mary’s invention,
today drivers (8) … stop the car or open the front window during bad
weather.
V. Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски предложен-
ными модальными глаголами:
can
must
At times we all (1) … memorise things but none of us have a perfect memory. After studying hard for exams students find that they (2)
… remember anything they’ve learnt. Or you (3) … forget the PIN to
your debit card. That (4) … be really embarrassing, but probably only
temporary. Sometimes, you just blank on things like that. According to
recent research, the best thing to do if you want to learn something well
is sleep. In one study, a group of college students (5) … listen to a list
of words. After that, they were asked to say the words they had heard.
They (6) … do this quite easily. However, later in the day, they (7) …
remember them. But the next morning – after a good night’s sleep –
they had no difficulty in remembering the words again. Scientists claim
that our brains (8) … form memories better when we are asleep than
when we are awake. It seems that students (9) … stay up late studying
the night before an exam. They (10) … get a good night’s sleep instead.
can’t
have to
couldn’t
had to
were able to
need to
may
shouldn’t
VI. Переведите на русский язык высказывания извест-
ных людей. Обратите внимание на употребление модальных глаголов:
1. It is never too late to be who you might have been. George Eliot
2. If you tell the truth, you don’t have to remember anything. Mark
Twain
3. No one can make you feel inferior without your consent. Eleanor
Roosevelt
4. When you get to the top of a mountain, you should keep climbing.
Zen saying
5. If you can find a path with no obstacles, it probably doesn’t lead
anywhere. Frank Clark
393
6. A man must be master of his hours and days, not their servant. Wil-
liam Frederick Book
7. There is no man living that cannot do more than he thinks he can.
Henry Ford
8. To be successful, you have to have your heart in your business, and
your business in your heart. Thomas Watson
9. If one cannot invent a really convincing lie, it is often better to stick
to the truth. Angela Thirkell
10. I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.
Thomas A. Edison
11. If you don’t know where you’re going, you might never get there.
Yogi Berra
12. Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because
they have to say something. Plato
13. If you don’t like something change it; if you can’t change it, change
the way you think about it. Mary Engelbreit
14. Here is my principle: Taxes shall be levied according to the ability
to pay. That is the only American principle. Franklin D. Roosevelt
15. I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn’t learn something
from him. Galileo Galilei
16. A pessimist can see the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist
can see the opportunity in every difficulty. Winston Churchill
17. Gossip needn’t be false to be evil – there’s a lot of truth that
shouldn’t be passed around. Frank Clark
18. You must learn from the mistakes of others. You can’t possibly
live long enough to make them all yourself. Samuel Levenson
19. It’s a teacher who can open the door, but it’s a pupil who must
enter it. Confucius
20. You can, you should, and if you’re brave enough to start, you will.
Stephen King
VII. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу мо-
дальными глаголами или их эквивалентами:
1. … you help me with my English homework, please? (вежливая
просьба)
2. You … not believe everything you see on the Internet. (совет)
394
3. … I phone for a taxi for you? (предложение)
4. You … have warned me beforehand what to expect of him!
(упрек)
5. … you believe that this song never got to number one? (удивление)
6. They … to get married in autumn. (запланированное действие)
7. My assistant … book my flights. He says it isn’t in his job descrip-
tion. (отказ)
8. We nearly missed our bus this morning. We … to run to catch it.
(необходимость в силу обстоятельств)
9. You never know what … be waiting around the corner. (предпо-
ложение, неуверенность)
10. Today we … to interview all applicants for this position. (необхо-
димость по договоренности)
11. There are certain rules that any person … follow at all times, re-
gardless of the conditions. (долженствование)
12. You can delete these files. I … keep them any longer. (отсут-
ствие необходимости)
13. I can’t find my umbrella. I … have left it on the bus. (предположе-
ние, вероятность)
14. The police … to find the suspect with help of the police helicopter.
(возможность в определенной ситуации)
15. … you talk a bit louder? I … hear you well. (просьба; отсут-
ствие способности)
VIII. Используя указанное в скобках слово, дополните
второе предложение таким образом, чтобы по смыслу оно
совпадало с первым предложением. Используйте от трех
до пяти слов, включая предложенное слово:
Например:
It looks like the weather will improve tomorrow.
(better) The weather _________________________ tomorrow.
must be better
1. Matthew still hasn’t asked his dad if he can borrow the car.
(to) Matthew … his dad for the car.
2. I think I accidentally took your umbrella.
(may) I … your umbrella by mistake.
395
3. Don’t believe Michael. He often tells lies.
(trust) You … Michael. He seems to be rather dishonest.
4. I’m sure Andy didn’t leave his phone on the bus. I saw him use it
later.
(left) Andy … his phone on the bus. He was using it later.
5. Visitors to the museum are forbidden to touch any of the exhibits.
(not) Museum visitors … any of the exhibits.
6. I don’t think it’s necessary to dress up. The casual outfit is accept-
able.
(do) You … to doll up. Put on something casual.
7. Both of these smartphones looked exactly the same to me.
(able) I … tell the dierence between the two smartphones.
8. It isn’t possible that Anne was absent from work today.
(been) Anne … at work today.
9. It was wrong of you to laugh when Sara fell over.
(laughed) You … when Sara fell over.
10. Most vegetables can be eaten raw. There’s no need to cook them.
(have) Most vegetables can be eaten raw. You … them.
396
Порядок слов в повествовательном предложении
Подле-
жащее
We
The
sellers
They
I met him
(always, already, often, seldom, never, ever, usually, normally, rarely,
14. СТруКТурА ПрЕДлОжЕНИя
Дополнения Обстоятельства
will
беспред-
ложное
косвен-
ное
almost, hardly, nearly, still)
прямое
the tele-
gram
the docu-
ments
the news to him
Ска-
зуемое
receive
send the buyers
have
told
Место наречий неопределенного времени
предложное
косвен-
ное
образа
дей-
ствия
by
chance
theatre
места
at the
време-
ни
soon
yester-
day
Перед глаголом-сказуемым: He always comes early.
После глагола to be: They are never late. We are not always late.
После первого вспомогательного глагола: He has just been
asked. She can be still sleeping. He often has to revise his lessons. How
long have you already been reading the book?
Наречия yet, before, lately, recently, either, too (также) ста-
вятся в конце предложения: I have read the letter, too. Have you fin-
ished your work yet?
В кратких ответах, наречия неопределенного времени ставятся перед вспомогательным глаголом: “Does she often go to
London on business?” “Yes, she often does.”
Обратный порядок слов (инверсия)
в повествовательных предложениях
В предложениях с оборотом there is: There is a table, two
chairs and a sofa in the room.
397
В словах автора, если они стоят после прямой речи: “I am
glad to see you,” said the old man. “I don’t smoke,” he said. “What’s
the matter with you?” the doctor will ask.
В предложениях, начинающихся с here или there, если под-
лежащее выражено существительным: Here goes the bus. There is
your book. Here she comes. Here you are.
В предложениях, начинающихся с never, hardly … when,
scarcely … when, no sooner … than, not only … but also, seldom,
little, in vain, not until, neither, nor и др.: Never in my life have I seen
such a thing. In vain did we try to make him do it. No sooner had he
arrived than he fell ill.
В предложениях типа So do I, Neither do I: “I haven’t a tick-
et”. “Neither / Nor have we.” “Sally likes reading.” “So does Mark.”
Порядок слов в вопросительных предложениях
Общий вопрос
Вспомогатель-
ный глагол
Is the man smoking a pipe?
Don’t you remember our trip?
Do you not remember our trip to Brussels?
Was anyone late
Is there any money in the box?
Did he say
Подлежа-
щее
Сказуемое Дополнение
for the
meeting?
that he was
busy?
Обстоятель-
ство
Ответы на общие вопросы обычно даются в краткой форме и состоят из Yes или No, подлежащего и вспомогательного глагола:
“Do you like music?” “Yes, I do.” “No, I don’t.”
“Didn’t you speak to him yesterday?” “Yes, I did.” “No, I didn’t.”
“Will he come here tonight?” “Yes, he probably will.” “No, he
probably will not.”
“Is he still in hospital?” “I’m afraid so.” “I’m afraid he is.”
“Could I speak to John, please?” “I’m afraid not.” “I’m afraid you
can’t.”
Альтернативный вопрос представляет собой два общих вопроса, соединенных союзом or: “Do you like tea or (do you like)
coffee?” “I like tea.”
398
Специальный вопрос
Вопросител.
слово
What are you
How long has she
Why don’t you leave the poor dog alone?
What is there
Вспомога-
тел. глагол
Подле-
жащее
Сказуе-
мое
looking
at?
been
living
Дополне-
ние
with her
husband?
Обстоя-
тельство
on the
oor?
Ответы на специальные вопросы обычно даются в полной форме с повторением всех членов предложения, логически необходимых для ответа: “What did the teacher read yesterday?” “He read an
interesting story.”
Вопрос к подлежащему или его определению
Who / What Сказуемое Дополнение Обстоятельство
Who is reading a book at the window?
Who lives
What book is lying on the table?
Whose children came with you yesterday?
How many
students
work in the laboratory?
in that old brick
house?
Ответы на вопросы к подлежащему или его определению обычно даются в краткой форме и состоят из подлежащего и вспомогательного глагола: “Who gives you English lessons?” “My friend does.”
Косвенный вопрос
Главное предложение Придаточное предложение
Подлежащее
He wonders when she gets up
Сказуе-
мое
I asked
Союз
if
(whether)
Подле-
жащее
he
Сказуе-
мое
had
bought
Дополне-
ние
a new car
Обстоя-
тельство
the day
before
yesterday.
399
Разделительный вопрос
Разделительный (расчлененный) вопрос может задаваться
с целью получить информацию, а также для выражения удивления, недовольства, интереса и т.д. Приблизительно соответствует по смыслу русским выражениям “не так ли?”; “не правда ли?”;
“правда?”.
1. Разделительный вопрос представляет собой повествователь-
ное предложение, к которому присоединяется краткий общий
вопрос, состоящий из вспомогательного глагола в противо-
положной форме и подлежащего в виде местоимения: John’s
coming, isn’t he? I am not nervous, am I? I am too nervous, aren’t I?
2. Если в состав сказуемого входит модальный глагол, то в во-
просе тоже используется модальный глагол: You cannot help
me, can you? James would have helped us, wouldn’t he? You have
to go home, don’t you?
3. Если подлежащим является There, то there используется и в
вопросе: There aren’t many people here, are there?
4. Если подлежащим является This / That, то в вопросе использу-
ется it: That’s nice, isn’t it?
5. Если подлежащим является These / Those, то в вопросе ис-
пользуется they: Those flowers are beautiful, aren’t they?
6. Если подлежащим является no one, someone, anyone, every-
one, то в вопросе используется they: Everyone is coming tonight,
aren’t they?
7. В предложениях, содержащих nothing, no one, neither, any-
one, never, little, seldom, hardly, barely, scarcely, no sooner,
without, unfortunately, except вопрос будет положительным:
Nobody saw you, did they?
8. В сложноподчиненных предложениях вопрос задается к той
части предложения, которая вызывает сомнения: I don’t think
anyone’s coming, are they? There wasn’t a single point they dis-
agreed on, was there?
9. В повелительных предложениях в вопросе обычно употребляет-
ся will you: Don’t do that again, will (won’t) you? Pass me the book,
could you? Get my pen, can you? Read aloud, would you?
10. В предложениях, начинающихся с Let’s в вопросе употребля-
ется shall we: Let’s go there tomorrow, shall we? Но: Let me go
there tomorrow, will you?
400
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]