Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Грамматика английского языка готовимся к централизованному тестированию
.pdf
My mum is always talking to me as if I were (was) a child. – Моя
мама всегда разговаривает со мной так, как будто я ребенок.
– Если действие придаточного предложения предшествует дей-
ствию главного предложения, то оно выражается при помощи
Past Perfect или Past Perfect Continuous:
He acted as though nothing had happened. – Он вел себя так, как
будто ничего не случилось.
She looks as if she had been working without rest. – Она выглядит
так, как если бы она работала без передышки.
3) Выражения типа It is (about) time «пора», It is high time
«давно пора» в сочетании с Past Indefinite или Past Continuous в
придаточном предложении используются для обозначения пожелания (часто с оттенком упрека) выполнить действие в настоящем:
It is time we had dinner. – Нам пора обедать.
It is high time I were (was) leaving. – Мне давно пора уходить.
После It is time допустимо использовать и инфинитив. Срав-
ните:
It’s time to go to bed. – Пора идти спать.
It’s time for you to go to bed. – Тебе пора идти спать.
It’s time you went to bed. – Тебе пора идти спать.
4) Выражение had better «лучше бы» в сочетании с инфини-
тивом без частицы to используется, чтобы дать совет или сказать,
что было бы наилучшим в определенной ситуации:
We had better hurry up or we will miss the train. – Лучше бы нам
поспешить, иначе мы опоздаем на поезд.
You had better not drink this water. – Тебе лучше бы не пить эту
воду.
5) Выражение would rather в сочетании с инфинитивом без ча-
стицы to означает предпочтение:
I would rather stay indoors until the rain stops. – Я бы предпочел
остаться в помещении, пока не закончится дождь.
I didn’t like the party yesterday. I would rather have stayed at
home. – Мне не понравилась вчерашняя вечеринка. Я бы луч-
ше осталась дома.
Выражение I would rather you did / had done smth. использует-
ся, когда говорящий предпочитает, чтобы кто-то другой выполнил
действие. При этом Past Indefinite употребляется для обозначения
311
желаемого действия в настоящем или в будущем, а Past Perfect –
для обозначения действия в прошлом:
I would rather you came with us. – Я бы предпочла, чтобы ты пошел с нами.
Would you rather they hadn’t been told anything? – Ты бы предпочел, чтобы им ничего не сказали?
Сравните:
I’d rather cook the dinner now. – Я бы
предпочла приготовить обед сейчас.
I’d rather have cooked the dinner yesterday. – Я бы предпочла приготовить
обед вчера.
I’d rather you cooked the dinner now. –
Я бы предпочла, чтобы ты приготовил обед сейчас.
I’d rather you had cooked the dinner
yesterday. – Я бы предпочла, чтобы
ты приготовил обед вчера.
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. I wish we (had met / meet) in different circumstances.
2. Denny wished more people (had read / would read) his blog.
3. I wished we (booked / had booked) our tickets in advance.
4. I wish you (would receive / will receive) the position you’ve applied
for.
5. Nancy felt sick and wished she (did not eat / had not eaten) so much
seafood.
6. I wish I (were / would be) a senior staff member so that I can use the
car park.
7. How can I get in touch with Rick? If only I (had known / knew) his
mobile phone number.
8. The staffers wish you (was / would be) less bossy and wouldn’t
order them about.
9. I wish you (attended / had attended) the meeting yesterday.
10. My parents keep nagging me about my future career! I wish they
(would stop / had stopped).
11. Sam wished he (would afford / could afford) to run such a luxurious
car.
12. Val thinks that everyone likes her. If only she (had heard / heard)
what people say behind her back!
13. I wish you (did not contradict / would not contradict) me all the
time!
312
14. Doesn’t she sometimes wish she (did not get / had not got) married
so young?
15. If only I (had passed / passed) my qualifying test. But unfortunately
I failed.
16. You are always changing your mind. If only you (would be / are)
more decisive.
17. They wish they (hadn’t given / didn’t give) the job to an external
candidate. Now they regret about it.
18. Peter wished it (were / had been) the weekend already. He was so
tired working overtime the whole week.
19. My boss keeps giving me extra work. I wish he (would employ / had
employed) a personal assistant.
20. Mary wishes she (would become / had become) a lawyer. She is in
business now but she doesn’t like her job at all.
II. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в требующейся
форме:
1. I wish I (have) a room of my own.
2. If only I (learn) to swim when I was young.
3. I wish you (hurry up)! I’m fed up with waiting.
4. Nelly wishes she (have) long and curly hair.
5. I wish I (not let) him in on my secret.
6. Mirabella wishes Victor (phone) her more often but he doesn’t.
7. I wish you (not chew) with your mouth open! It’s a really annoying
habit.
8. I wish you (keep) your mouth shut yesterday. Now my parents
know everything.
9. My boyfriend is always late. If only he (turn up) on time for a
change!
10. I’d like to buy a car but I’m too young to drive. I wish I (be) three
years older.
11. I wish you (not make) so much noise. I can’t hear myself think!
12. It feels a bit chilly here. I wish I (bring) my pullover with me.
13. I can’t afford to go on holiday abroad. If only my boss (give) me a
pay rise!
14. Karl wished he (not play) truant during his maths classes!
15. I wish we (live) nearer. Then we could see a lot of each other.
313
16. If only my classmates (tell) me about the test. I haven’t done any
revision.
17. You’re always changing your mind. I wish you (be) more determined.
18. I’m afraid I have no idea what to do in this situation. I wish I (know).
19. Leo wishes he (remember) to buy his mum a birthday present.
20. My next door neighbours have their music on very loud. If only
they (turn) it down!
III. Дополните каждое предложение подходящим по
смыслу вспомогательным глаголом:
Например:
I am not very tall, but I wish I … . were
1. He can’t ride a bicycle but he wishes he … .
2. Hilda has no brothers or sisters but she wishes she … .
3. I don’t understand Chemistry but I wish I … .
4. I didn’t go to see the match but I wish I … .
5. My boss won’t let me leave work early but I wish he … .
6. I am not very imaginative but I wish I … .
7. He made an awful mistake but he really wishes he … .
8. I cannot afford a new car but I wish I … .
9. They didn’t pay attention to my advice and now they wish they … .
10. He’s going to the dentist this afternoon but he wishes he … .
11. He always brings his dog to my house but I wish he … .
12. My parents probably won’t change their minds but I wish they … .
13. Belinda had her hair cut really short but later she wished she … .
14. There are practically no sports facilities in our town and I wish
there … .
15. Advice is what we ask for, when we already know the answer but
wish we … .
IV. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. They treat their dog as though it (were / had been) a human being.
2. I turned and there he was. It was as if he (appeared / had appeared)
out of nowhere.
314
3. Most of us spend our lives as if we (have / had) another one to draw
on in the future.
4. The silence was deafening as though the earth (stopped / had
stopped) spinning.
5. Bill kept on talking as if he (hadn’t heard / didn’t hear) a word I had
said.
6. When I was reading your letter, it seemed as if you (didn’t have /
hadn’t) a friend in the world, no one to talk to.
7. He acted as though he (knew / had known) me for a long time and
put me at ease immediately.
8. Live every day as if it (were going / had gone) to be your last; because one day you’re sure to be right.
9. When Molly came in from the downpour, she looked as if she (took
/ had taken) a shower with her clothes on.
10. While driving we talked endlessly and it felt as if we (were / had
been) friends for years even though we met only a few days before.
11. If we want to catch the last train, it’s time (to leave / left).
12. I think it’s time for us (talked / to talk) about our relationship.
13. It’s almost midnight! It’s about time you (were going / had gone)
home.
14. Isn’t it time you (took / to take) this suit to the drycleaner’s? It’s
ages since you had it cleaned.
15. It’s time to (roll up / have rolled up) our sleeves and set to work.
16. Clive and Hilda have been engaged for over three years already. It’s
high time they (got / get) married!
17. Don’t you think it’s about time he (had accepted / accepted) responsibility for his own choices?
18. It’s time for you (went / to go) to bed. You’ll have to get up early
tomorrow.
19. We’ve been doing this for more than a year now, and it’s high time
we (to turn / turned) words into actions.
20. It’s about time this road (was / had been) completed. They’ve been
working on it for several months.
V. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в требующейся
форме:
1. I would rather (have) one true friend than a million fake ones.
2. You had better (take) insect repellent if you are going to camp by
the river.
315
3. I would rather (not show) my feelings in front of other people.
4. I’d rather we (not go) to the barbecue tomorrow. The weather leaves
much to be desired.
5. Would you rather (be) a lawyer or an economist?
6. We had better (not ring) Marianne now. She may be putting her
baby to bed.
7. The party was awesome. I would rather we (stay) a little longer.
8. Don’t push me. I’d rather (do) one thing well, than many wrong.
9. We had better (leave) right away if we don’t want to get stuck in a
traffic jam.
10. I’d rather you (get) a taxi than walk – it’s not safe in the streets at
night.
11. You’d better (not go) out tonight as a thunderstorm is coming.
12. This car was a complete waste of money. I would rather we (not
buy) it.
13. If I had a choice, I’d rather (live) in the mountains than near the
beach.
14. You had better (take) your keys with you in case I am out when you
come back.
15. I’d rather (not arrive) to the party so early. I disliked being the first
person there.
16. I’d rather you (stop) asking me every time you have a problem.
17. Schoolgirls had better (not wear) shoes with high heels in order to
avoid accidents on stairs, in the playground, etc.
18. I would rather (speak) to him in person. It was silly of us to discuss
such things over the phone.
19. Have you tidied up your room yet? ~ I would rather (do) it tomorrow. ~ Sorry, but I’d rather you (do) it now.
20. Shall I tell you what I’ve bought you for your birthday, or would
you rather (not know)? ~ I’d rather you (not tell) me. I like surprises.
СОСлАГАТЕльНОЕ НАКлОНЕНИЕ: ОбОбщЕНИЕ
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
Today has been the worst day of my life and I wish it (1) (were /
had been) over! What I did was completely wrong. If only I (2) (didn’t
316
shout / hadn’t shouted) at the referee! It was a stupid thing to do,
especially with all my friends and family watching. If I (3) (had kept /
kept) my temper on the pitch, I (4) (wouldn’t have been / wouldn’t be)
sent off and we (5) (could have won / could win) the game. I realize that
I had let my fans down and I wish I (6) (would / could) make it up to
them. People say that I’ve set a bad example for younger players and
I’m really sorry about that. I wish I (7) (would be / were) a better role
model. But right now I wish that the press (8) (will leave / would leave)
me in peace.
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
They say that good things can happen when you don’t expect it.
Many years ago, Rowan Witte (1) … if you (2) … him that he would
star in a movie one day!
It all started when Rowan was 10. A director saw his photo on the
wall of a local youth club and thought that the boy would be perfect
for the role in his film. If he (3) … the photo, Rowan never (4) … of
becoming an actor. The director invited Rowan to audition. If anyone
else (5) … in Rowan’s place that day, they probably (6) … right away.
But Rowan said, “I (7) … it unless you (8) … me!” Rowan was offered
a role of Spoon Boy in The Matrix. It came out in 1999 and was a
huge success. If you (9) … the film, you’ll see that he gives a brilliant
performance.
From 2002 to 2010 Rowan Witte took some time off from acting.
Since then he has been acting in mostly Australian productions. Acting
is hard work but he realises that if he (10) … involved in acting, his
life would be quite different. Who knows what the future holds for this
talented young actor?
1. a. would laugh c. had laughed
b. laughed d. would have laughed
2. a. had told c. had been told
b. would have told d. told
3. a. wouldn’t see c. wouldn’t have seen
b. had not seen d. didn’t see
4. a. had thought c. thought
b. would have thought d. would think
5. a. would be c. had been
b. were d. would have been
317
6. a. would have agreed c. had agreed
b. would agree d. agreed
7. a. don’t do c. wouldn’t do
b. wouldn’t have done d. won’t do
8. a. won’t pay c. pay
b. don’t pay d. will pay
9. a. watch c. watched
b. will watch d. would watch
10. a. isn’t c. hadn’t been
b. weren’t d. wouldn’t be
III. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
If I were world leader, I (1) … an end to all wars and I (2) … the
world a better place for all people. As long as there is fighting between
nations, millions of people (3) … to suffer. If wars go on, children (4)
… without parents and (5) … in a world of horror and poverty. But until
people come to an agreement over land and possessions, the fighting (6)
… . That is why, I would ensure that all people were treated as equals
and given the same opportunities in life. I wish that producing weapons
(7) … in all countries so that there would be no arms to fight with.
Unless measures (8) … as soon as possible, it’ll be too late for both
ourselves and our children. I reckon that if at least a few of the world’s
problems (9) … already, life in many places (10) … so intolerable now.
1. a. put c. would put
b. will put d. would have put
2. a. will make c. made
b. would make d. had made
3. a. would continue c. continues
b. continued d. will continue
4. a. would be left c. will leave
b. will be left d. would leave
5. a. will live c. would live
b. would have lived d. lived
6. a. proceeded c. will proceed
b. would proceed d. would have proceeded
7. a. is banned c. would ban
b. will be banned d. would be banned
318
8. a. are taken c. won’t be taken
b. don’t take d. were taken
9. a. would be solved c. had solved
b. had been solved d. would have solved
10. a. won’t be c. wasn’t
b. wouldn’t have been d. wouldn’t be
IV. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
When I was fourteen I started hanging about with local boys. At first
I thought they were cool but now I wish I (1) … them! They behaved
as if they (2) … masters there and sometimes they even skipped their
classes at school.
Once we went to a shop to buy something to drink and one of the
boys stole a packet of cigarettes. When we came out, the shop assistant
stopped us and we were all taken to the police station. That boy acted
as though we (3) … him to take the cigarettes, so we all got the blame.
I would rather (4) … into the shop with them.
The police called our parents. We had to pay the shop and stay in
every night for a month. If only I (5) … my parents. Now these boys are
malicious to me – I wish they (6) … me all the time but there is nothing
I can do about it. If only I (7) … the past but I can’t.
I wish I (8) … more friends now and I know it’s time I (9) … about
what had happened. If I (10) … well at school, my parents will give me
more freedom to have fun with my new friends.
1. a. never meet c. had never met
b. never met d. would never meet
2. a. were c. are
b. have been d. had been
3. a. had been told c. were told
b. had told d. told
4. a. not go c. not have gone
b. not went d. had not gone
a. did not upset c. would not upset
b. do not upset d. had not upset
5. a. have not teased c. had not teased
b. would not tease d. do not tease
6. a. could change c. would change
b. can change d. had changed
319
7. a. am having c. have
b. had had d. had
8. а. forget c. had forgotten
b. forgot d. will forget
9. a. did c. do
b. will do d. would do
V. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
Dear Miranda,
I’m really sorry to hear that you are so unhappy about your job! If
only you (1) … it more thought before you decided to take it. I wish
I (2) … with you now to support you. I’m sure it’s time you (3) … . If
your boss (4) … you so unfairly, then you have no other choice. You
had better (5) … no job at all than a job you dislike. If you (6) … worried about money, don’t be. You can come back home any time. Your
dad and I would rather you (7) … with us until you (8) … a new job.
By the way, I met Mr Martino the other day and he said you could
have your old job back if you (9) … it. If you (10) … , you (11) … the
head of the department now! Anyway, I’ll let you know if I (12) …
about any other suitable offers. Take care and don’t forget to write.
Love, Mum
1. a. give c. had given
b. gave d. would give
2. a. were c. would be
b. will be d. had been
3. a. will quit c. to quit
b. had quitted d. quitted
4. a. had treated c. treats
b. will treat d. would treat
5. a. to have c. will have
b. have d. had
6. a. will be c. would be
b. were d. are
7. a. lived c. had lived
b. live d. would live
8. a. nd c. will nd
b. don’t nd d. won’t nd
320
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]