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Файл:Грамматика английского языка готовимся к централизованному тестированию
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for + существительное / местоимение + инфинитив
Оборот «Инфинитив с предлогом for» употребляется в следую-
щих случаях:
1. когда инфинитив указывает на цель действия: He opened the
door for the girl to come in. – Он открыл дверь, чтобы девушка
вошла.
2. после глаголов wait, arrange, pay и др.: We are waiting for Mr
Sandy to come. – Мы ждем, когда приедет мистер Сэнди.
3. после существительных time, thing, mistake, plan, problem,
suggestion и др.: It’s high time for you to sell that old car. – Тебе
давно пора продать ту старую машину.
4. после местоимений some body, nobody, something, nothing:
There’s nothing else for her to add. – Ей больше нечего добавить.
5. после прилагательных good, easy, important, necessary, impos-
sible, useful и др.: It’s easy for you to say so. – Вам легко это
говорить.
6. после наречий too и enough: The noise was too loud for me to
sleep. – Звук был слишком громким, чтобы я мог уснуть.
Оборот «Объектный падеж с инфинитивом»
Конструкция «Объектный падеж с инфинитивом (сложное дополнение)» состоит из существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в объектном падеже и инфинитива и обозначает, что
действие, выраженное инфинитивом, выполняет дополнение.
подлежащее
сказуемое
(в действит.
+
залоге)
дополнение
+
(сущ. / местоим.)
инфинитив
+
Конструкция «Сложное дополнение» употребляется, когда
сказуемое выражено глаголами:
1. чувственного восприятия: see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel
(с инфинитивом без частицы to): I saw him open the door and
leave. – Я видел, как он открыл дверь и вышел.
2. умственной деятельности: know, think, believe, expect и др.:
I know her to be an experienced teacher. – Я знаю, что она опыт-
ный учитель.
331
3. чувств: like, love, hate и др.: We like our products to be in de-
mand. – Нам нравится, когда наши товары пользуются спро-
сом.
4. желания: want, wish, would like и др.: They want Helen to come
on Friday. – Они хотят, чтобы Лена пришла в пятницу.
5. побуждения: make, let (с инфинитивом без частицы to); order,
ask, say, tell, request и др.: The teacher told the pupils to hand
in the papers. – Учитель сказал, чтобы ученики сдали работы.
Let them rewrite this exercise. – Разрешите им переписать это
упражнение.
Оборот «Именительный падеж с инфинитивом»
Конструкция «Именительный падеж с инфинитивом (Сложное
подлежащее)» представляет собой сочетание существительного
в общем падеже или местоимения в именительном падеже, выполняющего в предложении функцию подлежащего, с инфинитивом,
который стоит после сказуемого.
подлежащее
(сущ. / местоим.)
+
сказуемое
+
инфинитив
Конструкция «Сложное подлежащее» употребляется, когда
сказуемое выражено:
1. глаголами say, report, think, suppose, expect, know, see, hear
и др. в страдательном залоге: He is said to be very ill. – Гово-
рят, что он очень болен. She was heard to have been crying all
night. – Было слышно, как она плакала всю ночь.
2. глаголами seem, appear, turn out, prove, happen, chance в дей-
ствительном залоге: He proved to be a real friend. – Он оказался
настоящим другом. She seems to be sleeping now. – Кажется,
что она сейчас спит. He turned out to know everything. – Оказа-
лось, что он все знает. I chanced to be passing by. – Я случайно
проходил мимо.
3. сочетанием глагола be c прилагательным likely, sure, certain
и др.: She is sure to be asked about it. – Ее обязательно об этом
спросят. They are unlikely to come to the mee ting. – Вряд ли они
придут на собрание.
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I. Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где необ-
ходимо:
1. It’s a teacher who can … open the door, but it’s a pupil who must
… enter it.
2. I took a taxi so as not … be late.
3. Will you help me … do the washing up?
4. The sofa was too heavy … be moved by one person.
5. My parents always let me … decide on my own.
6. The students were made … learn the text by heart.
7. She couldn’t but … agree with him.
8. Precious few politicians know when … leave the world of politics.
9. The contestant who is the first … score two points is the winner.
10. I will do all I can … prove my innocence.
11. I’m fed up with having … wear my brother’s hand-me-downs.
12. I’ll be away for a week and I haven’t made up my mind whether …
take my computer with me or not.
13. By the fifth level, you will be able … select three different skill-sets
out of a list of ten options.
14. We hurried to the railway station only … find that the train had left.
15. There is nothing for you … do but … wait patiently.
16. “You’d better … sit down,” he said. “This news is going … blow
you away.”
17. It’s very difficult … find a place … park in the city center.
18. No one can … make me … do what I don’t want … .
19. She had nothing … do except … hang around the house and …
watch television.
20. Dubai has a number of attractions … satisfy all tastes. Why not …
visit the famous Dubai Fountains? It’s a must see!
II. Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где необ-
ходимо. Назовите предложения, в которых есть конструкция «Сложное дополнение»:
1. I find it hard … wake up early in the morning.
2. He prefers not … take responsibility for his behavior.
3. What makes you … think that you are the right candidate for the
job?
333
4. You don’t need … bring me any gift, you are a gift yourself!
5. One day I saw my mum … put salt in the sugar bowl.
6. The doctors did everything they could … save the patient.
7. We had the waiter … bring us the dessert.
8. He is the boss; it’s up to him … make crucial decisions.
9. The child was made … apologize for his behaviour.
10. What is in the letter? Why won’t you let me … read it?
11. A fireplace is one of the things that seems … make a house a home.
12. Megan was so absorbed in her report that she didn’t notice me …
come in.
13. I’d like you … write down the following sentences.
14. I don’t know what … say. ~ You’d better not … say anything.
15. We watched him … get into his car and … drive off.
16. Police say the man was seen … follow the woman as she came out
of her house.
17. The security guard made us … wait … enter the night club.
18. A lot of people gathered in the hall … hear him … speak.
19. During the test Sally was noticed … open her text-book several
times.
20. Would you like … change seats with me so that you can … see bet-
ter?
III. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Unfortunately, I failed … at the interview on time.
a. to be arriving c. to have arrived
b. to arrive d. to be arrived
2. I called on Sonya tonight. She seems … better, slowly but surely.
a. to have got c. to get
b. to have been getting d. to be getting
3. Economy Class passengers are allowed one item of hand luggage …
on board.
a. to be carrying c. to be carried
b. to have carried d. carry
4. Most celebrities prefer … about their personal life at all.
a. to not talk c. do not talk
b. not to talk d. not talk
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5. You should … his face when she told him the news!
a. see c. have been seen
b. saw d. have seen
6. Don’t hesitate … for help if you need it.
a. to ask c. to be asked
b. to be asking d. to have asked
7. All tests should … and run under the same conditions.
a. standardise c. have standardised
b. to be standardised d. be standardised
8. I expected … at the station, but I wasn’t.
a. to be met c. to meet
b. to have been met d. to have met
9. She pretended … me when I passed by.
a. to not notice c. to not have been noticed
b. not to have noticed d. not to be noticed
10. I found my keys only … them again.
a. to lose c. to be lost
b. to have lost d. to be losing
11. I want nothing more than … a second chance to right the wrongs.
a. to give c. to be given
b. to be giving d. to have been given
12. Magee was extremely happy … the entrance exams successfully.
a. to be passed c. to have passed
b. to have been passed d. to have been passing
13. She seems … for this moment all her life.
a. to wait c. to have been waited
b. to be waiting d. to have been waiting
14. Any shop provides baskets for the customers … their purchases in.
a. to put c. to be putting
b. to have put d. put
15. When we look back, school years seem … the best years of our
lives.
a. to have been c. have been
b. to be d. be
335
16. With the right attitude to work, there are always a lot of opportuni-
ties … .
a. to be promoting c. to be promoted
b. to have been promoted d. to promote
17. The parcel is likely to … to the wrong address.
a. to have sent c. to be sending
b. to have been sent d. to be sent
18. We appear … very good progress nowadays.
a. to make c. to have made
b. to be making d. to have been making
19. I started at about the same time; we must … each other by minutes.
a. miss c. have missed
b. have been missing d. be missed
20. Mr Shiroki is very lucky … as the company’s representative to the
meeting in Belfast.
a. to have been chosen c. to be choosing
b. to have chosen d. to have been choosing
IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив инфинитив в соответствующей форме:
1. I plan (to start) my own business after I graduate.
2. I like this party so much. Everyone seems (to have) a great time
here.
3. Nowadays almost all celebrities have bodyguards as they want (to
protect).
4. Have you heard the news? Scientists claim (to find) a cure for can-
cer.
5. It was incredibly stupid of him (to leave) his baggage with a strang-
er at the airport.
6. The plane crash is believed (to cause) by pilot error.
7. Could I trust you (to keep) this information secret?
8. I happened (to pass) by when the explosion took place.
9. Do you know what he could (to say) to upset her so much?
10. I’m always the last (to learn) about anything in this office!
11. John’s clothes are so dirty. He must (to repair) his car.
12. Don’t all of us want (to love) and (to need) by other people?
336
13. Aren’t you supposed (to look) after your little brother at the mo-
ment?
14. Linus Pauling is the only person (to award) two unshared Nobel
Prizes.
15. Though Nancy hopes (to invite) to the wedding, it is unlikely that
she will be.
16. Lisa appears (to study) all day and even hasn’t stopped for lunch.
17. Victoria was only pretending (to read) a magazine, actually she was
daydreaming.
18. She claims (to meet) a number of famous people, but I don’t believe
her.
19. It is part of a person’s nature never (to fully satisfy) with what sur-
rounds him.
20. When was his bicycle stolen? ~ It is likely (to take) when he went
to the supermarket.
V. Раскройте скобки, употребляя конструкцию «Слож-
ное дополнение»:
1. I watched (the plane / to take off) and disappear into the clouds.
2. Actually, I’ve never heard (you / to complain) of being ill or tired.
3. Could you remind (I / to feed) my parrot before we leave?
4. Ben’s and Ted’s parents never let (they / to miss) their football prac-
tice.
5. City officials warned (residents / not to drink) tap water.
6. Jess married a Chinese! Do you really expect (we / to believe) that?
7. She closed her eyes and felt (he / to touch) her face.
8. Everybody considers (they / to be) a perfect match.
9. What about your breakfast, sir? Would you like (it / to serve) in
your room?
10. You shouldn’t make (the child / to eat) if he doesn’t want to.
11. Will you be a little bit quieter, please? I can’t hear (myself / to
think)!
12. Hilda’s boss advised (she / to go) home as she wasn’t looking very
well.
The traffic warden didn’t allow (the car / to park) by the road-
13.
side.
337
14. As soon as I saw (the fly / to land) on the table, I swatted it with a
rolled-up newspaper.
15. Carla had (I / to walk) to the bus stop with her because she didn’t
know the way.
16. Robert’s tutors recognised his talents and encouraged (he / to apply)
for the prestigious Fulbright Scholarship.
17. A sales assistant noticed (she / to put) the sunglasses in her handbag
and move towards the exit.
18. The mugger caused (the woman / to lie) down and took her purse
and cell phone.
19. I hope this photo will make (you / to smile) and shed a bit of joy into
your world.
20. My mum ordered (I / to clean up) my room before she let (I / to go
out) with my friends.
VI. Перефразируйте предложения, используя конструк-
цию «Сложное подлежащее»:
a)
1. It is said that time heals all wounds.
2. It is considered that the Internet is one of the greatest telecommuni-
cation advances since the telephone.
3. It is known that honey helps to prevent heart disease and cancer.
4. It is believed that Archimedes discovered his principle while taking
a bath.
5. It is reported that over 10 million people have been affected by the
storm which struck the Philippines.
b)
1. It turned out that we were both wrong.
2. It happened that his mother came back home earlier than usual.
3. It appears that all the files have been deleted.
4. It seems that Mr Tonny is not willing to take any more risks.
5. It proved that Diana was a real friend when she agreed to lend me
some money.
c)
1. It is likely that we eat more food when we are under stress.
2. It is unlikely that she has learned from my mistakes.
3. If he continues like this, it is certain that he will break the record.
338
4. It is not sure that my parents will welcome my boyfriend with open
arms.
5. It is unlikely that you will get a good reference from your previous
employer.
VII. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая
внимание на конструкцию «Сложное подлежащее»:
1. Не is said to be a danger to society.
2. Smoking is sure to weaken a person’s immune system.
3. You seem to be in a bad mood today. What’s the matter?
4. Police are reported to be investigating the incident.
5. Mrs. Noody appears to have forgotten about our appointment.
6. Alex is thought to be one of the most promising IT specialists.
7. The new law is announced to come into effect next year.
8. This film is unlikely to be nominated for an Oscar.
9. The nuclear power station is known to be situated in Ostrovets re-
gion.
10. They don’t seem to understand what has just happened.
11. We were supposed to have stayed at the Hyatt Hotel.
12. Mr. Hugh proved to have been travelling all over the world.
13. What country is likely to win FIFA World Cup of 2018 in Russia?
14. He was seen to enter the building at the time the crime was commit-
ted.
15. Anna seems to have graduated from the university four years ago.
16. Phil is likely to be excluded from college for using drugs.
17. Mr. Nilsen was heard to say that he would run for President.
18. Most drivers turn out to be involved in a car accident at least once
in their lives.
19. She is certain to be successful in whatever she attempts to do.
20. In 2014, the number of visitors to the country was expected to have
increased by 20 percent.
VIII. Перефразируйте предложения, используя конструкцию
«Инфинитив с предлогом for»:
1. He waited till the audience stopped applauding.
2. It’s quite natural that people should think so.
339
3. There was nothing they could add.
4. It’s high time you learnt to face the facts.
5. It is very important that tourists receive all the necessary informa-
tion.
6. This is the only thing that we can do in this situation.
7. There are some articles that you may refer to.
8. It is necessary that the goods are properly packed.
9. She spoke loudly so that everyone could hear her.
10. It is impossible that I do two things at the same time.
11. This is a problem you should solve by yourself.
12. There was nobody who she could complain to.
13. In order that plants grow properly, you have to water them regu-
larly.
14. There are phone numbers on which drivers can call if they need
help.
15. It’s very unusual that he should have said such a thing.
16. The weather is not warm enough so I will not turn the heater off.
17. There’s no point waiting that Leon will change his mind.
18. The company will arrange that a taxi will meet you at the station.
19. The first thing I must do is to warn everyone about the danger.
20. It’s time you lived your own life without worrying about the expec-
tations of others.
IX. Переведите предложения на английский язык, упо-
требляя конструкции с инфинитивом:
1. Я рассчитывал, что ты поддержишь меня.
2. Вам легко это говорить.
3. Отец Ника заставил его коротко подстричь волосы.
4. Говорят, что они поженятся в августе.
5. Тебе давно пора повзрослеть!
6. Я слышала, как хлопнула входная дверь.
7. Моей бабушке очень трудно подниматься по лестнице.
8. Некоторые родители разрешают своим детям делать все, что
они хотят.
9. Вряд ли забастовка скоро закончится.
10. Предполагается, что собрание состоится в пятницу.
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