Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Грамматика английского языка готовимся к централизованному тестированию
.pdf
Герундий в форме Indefinite обозначает действие, которое
происходит одновременно с действием сказуемого, либо относится к будущему: He hates being kept waiting. – Он ненавидит, когда
его заставляют ждать. It is not worth asking her to help you. – Не
стоит просить ее помочь тебе.
Герундий в форме Perfect обозначает действие, предшествующее действию глагола-сказуемого: We are proud of having invited
that famous professor to our university. – Мы гордимся тем, что пригласили того знаменитого профессора в наш университет. He was
angry about having been disturbed. – Он злился из-за того, что его
побеспокоили.
Примечания:
В современном английском языке герундий в форме Perfect
практически не употребляется. Вместо него для обозначения
предшествующего действия обычно используется герундий в
форме Indefinite: I’m sorry for being late. – Извините за опо-
здание. Everyone congratulated me on getting the award. – Все
поздравляли меня с получением награды.
После глаголов want, need, require нуждаться, требовать,
deserve заслуживать, а также после прилагательного worth
стоящий, заслуживающий употребляется герундий только в
действительном залоге: This book is worth reading. – Эту книгу
стоит прочитать. My shoes need cleaning. – Мои туфли нужно
почистить.
Герундиальный оборот
Герундиальный оборот состоит из существительного или местоимения в притяжательном или объектном падеже и герундия
и обозначает, что действие, выраженное герундием, выполняет
существительное или местоимение: Do you mind opening the win-
dow? – Вы не возражаете против того, чтобы открыть окно? Do
you mind my / me opening the window? – Вы не возражаете, если
я открою окно?
361
Глаголы, после которых может использоваться
как инфинитив, так и герундий
Глаголы
remember,
forget,
regret
stop
try
prefer
употребления
инфинитив
герун-
дий
инфинитив
герун-
дий
инфинитив
герун-
дий
инфинитив
герун-
дий
Случаи
одновременное
действие
предшествующее
действие
остановиться,
чтобы выполнить
действие
прекратить выпол-
нять действие
сделать попытку,
приложить усилия
(часто безуспешно)
пробовать вы-
полнить легкое
действие
would prefer
rather than
при сравнении
Примеры
Don’t forget to lock the door. – Не
забудь запереть дверь.
I forgot to add sugar so the cake
is not tasty. – Я забыл, что нужно
добавить сахар, поэтому торт невкусный.
We regret to inform you that you
are red. – C сожалением сооб-
щаем вам, что вы уволены.
I remember locking the door. –
Я помню, что запер дверь.
He regretted hurting her. – Он сожалел, что обидел ее.
He stopped to smoke. – Он остано-
вился, чтобы покурить.
He stopped smoking. – Он бросил
курить.
Try to climb in the at through
the window. – Попробуй попасть
в квартиру через окно.
Try ringing the doorbell. – Попро-
буй позвонить в дверь.
I would prefer to see you in private.
– Я бы предпочел встретиться с
вами лично.
I prefer to drive rather than go by
train. – Я предпочитаю вести ма-
шину, чем ехать на поезде.
He prefers staying up late to
getting up early. – Он предпочи-
тает ложиться спать поздно, а не
вставать рано.
362
Глаголы
Случаи
употребления
Примеры
like
consider,
advise,
allow,
encourage,
forbid,
permit,
recom-
mend
инфинитив
герун-
дий
инфинитив
герун-
дий
считать
правильным
would like
получать
удовольствие
при наличии
дополнения
в форме
страдательного
залога
при отсутствии
дополнения
She likes people to be on time. – Ей
нравится, когда люди приходят
вовремя.
We would like to help you. – Мы бы
хотели вам помочь.
I like meeting new people. – Мне
нравится встречаться с новыми
людьми.
He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke
in his oce. – Он никому не раз-
решает курить в его офисе.
We consider her (to be) suitable for
this post. – Мы считаем ее подхо-
дящей для этой должности.
It isn’t allowed to smoke in the
oce. – Курение в офисе запре-
щено.
He is considered (to be) the best
doctor. – Его считают лучшим
врачом.
He doesn’t allow smoking in his ofce. – Он не разрешает курить в
его офисе.
I am considering buying a car. – Я
обдумываю покупку машины.
need,
want,
require,
deserve
mean
инфинитив
герун-
дий
инфинитив
активное
значение
(с одушевленным
подлежащим)
пассивное
значение
(с неодушевлен-
ным подлежащим)
«собираться»
(с одушевленным
подлежащим)
He needs to work harder. – Ему
нужно работать усерднее.
My watch requires repairing. –
Мои часы нужно отремонтировать.
I mean to see her next week. –
Я собираюсь встретиться с ней
на следующей неделе.
363
Глаголы
Случаи
употребления
Примеры
mean
used to
be / get /
become
used to
go on,
carry on,
keep (on)
be busy
begin,
start,
continue,
intend,
love, hate,
can’t bear,
can’t stand
герун-
дий
инфинитив
герун-
дий
инфинитив
герун-
дий
инфинитив
герун-
дий
инфи-
нитив =
герун-
дий
«означать»
(с неодушевлен-
ным подлежащим)
в значении
«раньше»
в значении
«привыкать»
начать выполнять
новое действие
продолжать вы-
полнение одного
и того же действия
быть занятым,
чтобы выполнить
действие
быть занятым
чем-нибудь
I could get a better job but it would
mean moving. – Я мог бы полу-
чить лучшую работу, но это означало бы переезд в другой город.
I used to swim a lot in my childhood. – В детстве я, бывало, мно-
го плавал.
I am used to getting up early. –
Я привык рано вставать.
After seeing Berlin, we went on to
visit Paris. – После того, как мы
увидели Берлин, мы посетили
Париж.
He went on talking for two hours. –
Он продолжал выступать в течение двух часов.
She’s too busy to meet with you. –
Она слишком занята, чтобы
встретиться с вами.
He is busy watching TV news. – Он
занят просмотром теленовостей.
It has started raining / to rain. –
Начался дождь.
She loves being / to be the centre
of attention. – Она любит быть
в центре внимания.
I. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая
внимание на герундий и его формы:
1. Riding a motorcycle without a helmet is illegal and highly danger-
ous.
2. I don’t feel like seeing anyone.
364
3. Do you mind my sitting here?
4. There is no smoking in this area! Please, extinguish your ciga-
rette.
5. I love winter sports and go snowboarding every year.
6. I will not tolerate your being late for work anymore.
7. The recovery was slow and my doctor suggested taking some vita-
mins.
8. I hate being asked how old I am.
9. Silvia insisted on Frank’s wearing a suit to the party.
10. We couldn’t help laughing when Harold fell off the chair.
11. I apologize for not having kept my promise.
12. Celebrities usually feel annoyed at being followed by paparazzi.
13. His lying is as natural as eating breakfast in the morning.
14. I’ve made up my mind so there is no point in asking me again.
15. Glenn denied having taken part in the robbery.
16. Teenagers sometimes complain about not being understood by
their parents.
17. I don’t remember having been given any instructions.
18. I can’t stand being treated like a servant in my own home!
19. Martin mentioned having been injured in an accident as a child.
20. On entering the room, he greeted everybody by shaking their
hands.
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. I dislike (driving / being driven) in the rush hour.
2. Bella is very good at (being hidden / hiding) her true feelings.
3. (Having played / Playing) computer games is more beneficial than
other leisure activities.
4. I can’t resist (being bought / buying) things when they are in the
sales.
5. In my view, Ron Paul has no chance of (electing / being elected)
president.
6. Most people would never sign a contract without (reading / having
reading) it first.
7. Wilma admitted (being driven / having driven) the car without in-
surance.
365
8. The dracaena requires (being watered / watering) once or twice a
week.
9. I can’t stand (interrupting / being interrupted) when I am giving a
speech.
10. (Learning / Having learned) a foreign language is like discovering
a new way to see the world.
11. No matter what time she goes to bed, she has difficulty (falling /
having fallen) asleep.
12. The police accuse him of (being committed / having committed)
several crimes.
13. Many film stars hire bodyguards because they need (being protect-
ed / protecting).
14. I wouldn’t phone Anna after midnight. She won’t like (being wak-
ing up / being woken up).
15. I am still feeling tired in spite of (being slept / having slept) through
the night.
16. You should avoid (eating / having eaten) chocolate after a heavy
meal and on an empty stomach.
17. It’s a waste of time (repairing / being repaired) things if they are
not expensive to buy.
18. Tony is particularly proud of (having established / being estab-
lished) a successful business.
19. Once a file has finished (downloading / having downloaded), you
can launch it with a single click.
20. Paris is worth (being visited / visiting) every day of the year, but
autumn is undoubtedly the city’s best season.
III. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Where did you learn … like that?
a. to dance b. dancing
2. How about … on some short course this summer?
a. to enroll b. enrolling
3. I’d like to teach my kids to be curious and enjoy … .
a. to learn b. learning
4. You deserve … what you are worth.
a. to be paid b. being paid
366
5. My parents don’t let me … late on weekdays.
a. stay up b. staying up
6. Doctors suggest … 30 minutes a day for a healthier lifestyle.
a. to walk b. walking
7. Guy oered … me up from the airport.
a. to pick b. picking
8. It’s no use … little children to be quiet.
a. to ask b. asking
9. You don’t expect me … that, do you?
a. to believe b. believing
10. Would you mind … the door open for me?
a. to hold b. holding
11. Every time I nish … up, I spend ages cleaning the sink.
a. to wash b. washing
12. My boss demanded … why I was so late for work.
a. to know b. knowing
13. Drivers should avoid … on their mobile phones while at the wheel.
a. to talk b. talking
14. I hope … a scholarship for the coming semester.
a. to be awarded b. being awarded
15. Smokers risk … a heart attack more than others.
a. to get b. getting
16. I can’t help … why Sean said such a foolish thing.
a. to wonder b. wondering
17. Only a few people managed … from the building during the earth-
quake.
a. to escape b. escaping
18. Thailand seems … a very popular tourist destination these days.
a. to be b. being
19. It is common for celebrities to deny … plastic surgery.
a. to have b. having
20. The CEO threatened … anyone who reported the accident to the
police.
a. to re b. ring
367
IV. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Bradley denies (to meet / meeting) Jennifer for dinner on Saturday
night.
2. Until I was eleven, my parents refused (to buy / buying) me any-
thing that was advertised on TV.
3. Duncan accepted responsibility and offered (to pay / paying) for the
damage.
4. The weather is so nasty that I don’t fancy (to go / going) out tonight.
5. I don’t think we can afford (to wait / waiting) any longer.
6. Do you know any places where I can practise (to park / parking)?
7. It is not worth (to take / taking) a taxi from your hotel as the beach
is within walking distance.
8. The bank agreed (to lend / lending) me $10000 for 150 days at a 10
percent interest rate.
9. She claims (to be / being) related to the royal family, but I don’t
believe her.
10. It’s no good (to try / trying) to persuade me. You won’t succeed.
11. Don’t hesitate (to ask / asking) for help if you need it.
12. If you have no close relatives in the United States, you may have
difficulty (to get / getting) a visa.
13. I wonder how he managed (to persuade / persuading) Alisa that he
was telling the truth.
14. It’s a waste of money (to buy / buying) short-dated food that goes
off before you eat it.
15. Can you imagine me (to wear / wearing) the same clothes every
day?
16. Why (continue / continuing) working there if you don’t like your
job?
17. You shouldn’t expect (to pass / passing) your driving test on the
first attempt.
18. When mum doesn’t feel like (to cook / cooking), we order pizza or
sushi.
19. The Burns decided (not to vaccinate / not vaccinating) their chil-
dren against measles.
20. A receptionist’s duties include (to answer / answering) calls and (to
greet / greeting) clients.
368
V. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме герун-
дия или инфинитива:
1. The driver swerved sharply to the left to avoid (to hit) the cyclist.
2. If you enjoy (to cycle), renting a bicycle is a great way to explore
China.
3. I can’t resist (to eat) candies even though I am on a diet.
4. Remind me (to buy) some bread on the way home, will you?
5. The longer you delay (to pay) your bills, the more interest charges
you get.
6. SenseTV appears (to be) a new application available on the Play
Store.
7. I demanded (to talk) the manager of the hotel to make a complaint.
8. I moved abroad last year and these days I really miss (to see) my
friends.
9. Shop assistants dislike (to be ignored) when customers talk on the
mobile as they pay.
10. We have arranged (to meet) at the station 15 minutes before the bus
departure.
11. Daniel favours (to travel) during the night when roads are empty.
12. Just imagine (to have) breakfast at the top of the slopes with a fan-
tastic view over the valley.
13. The authorities postponed (to build) a new road because of the dif-
ficulties with funding.
14. Two well-known American actors, Marlon Brando and George C.
Scott, refused (to accept) their Oscars.
15. I won’t put up with your (to speak) to me like that! Have some re-
spect!
16. Is it worth (to spend) so much money on the headphones?
17. My Granddad promised (to teach) me how (to play) chess.
18. Vicky suggested (to take) a group photo and (to share) it to Insta-
gram.
19. Becky made us (to laugh) when she pretended (to sing) like Ri-
hanna.
20. Telecommuting involves (to work) from home and (to communi-
cate) with an employer by computer.
369
VI. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
Помните, что to может быть либо предлогом, после которого употребляется герундий, либо частицей, которая сочетается с инфинитивом:
1. I’m looking for some money (to start / to starting) my first year at
the university.
2. Every summer I look forward (to plant / to planting) my little herb
garden.
3. Most teenagers today are used (to communicate / to communicat-
ing) online.
4. We used (to go / to going) to church on Sundays.
5. People who are not accustomed (to drink / to drinking) coffee find
it bitter.
6. Colin is opposed (to do / to doing) anything that requires physical
effort.
7. Would you like something (to read / to reading) to pass the time?
8. Life is great – just take a moment to relax and listen to birds’ (sing-
ing / sing)!
9. I am slightly addicted (to watch / to watching) YouTube videos,
especially funny ones.
10. She has (to wear / to wearing) her sister’s hand-me-downs.
11. Greece is committed (to implement / to implementing) reforms to
overcome the crisis.
12. It is not for you (to decide / to deciding) what is best for my chil-
dren!
13. Almost half of all adults admit (to text / to texting) while driving.
14. Now I am prepared (to answer / to answering) all your questions.
15. Living in Warsaw, Kyra is close (to realize / to realizing) her dream
of becoming a doctor.
16. Teo doesn’t seem (to get on / to getting on) very well with his group
mates.
17. I finally got round (to upload / to uploading) the photographs from
my birthday party.
18. The former chairman confessed (to take / to taking) bribes and kick-
backs over a few years.
370
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]