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Файл:Грамматика английского языка готовимся к централизованному тестированию
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Союз Перевод Пример
I will not speak to you unless you apolo-
unless
(= if not)
as long as
on condition
(that)
если не
при условии
если
при условии
(что)
gise (if you do not apologise). – Я не буду
разговаривать с тобой, если ты не извинишься.
We are going to the beach tomorrow as
long as it doesn’t rain. – Мы пойдем на
пляж завтра при условии, если не будет
дождя.
I’ll lend you the money on condition that
you pay me back soon. – Я дам тебе денег
взаймы при условии, что ты мне их скоро
вернешь.
providing,
provided (that)
supposing,
suppose (that)
in case
only if
even if
what if
but for
при условии
(что)
предположим
(что); если (бы)
на (всякий)
случай, если
только если
даже если
что если
если бы не
You can stay here provided you keep quiet.
– Ты можешь остаться здесь при условии,
что будешь вести себя тихо.
Supposing he comes back, what shall we
do? – Предположим, что он вернется, что
мы будем делать?
Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
– Возьми с собой зонт на случай, если будет дождь.
I will do it only if you promise not to tell
anyone. – Я сделаю это только в том слу-
чае, если ты пообещаешь никому не рассказывать.
You must take the exam tomorrow even if
you are not ready. – Ты должен сдавать эк-
замен завтра, даже если ты не готов.
What if she asks me where you are? – Что
если она спросит меня, где ты?
But for (= if it had not been for) the goalkeeper, our team would have lost the
match. – Если бы не вратарь, наша коман-
да проиграла бы матч.
301
I. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определи-
те тип условного предложения:
1. If you put salt on ice, it melts.
2. If I were you, I would apply for that job.
3. We’ll be able to see the stars tonight if it’s not cloudy.
4. He would have been very angry if he had learned the truth.
5. If we set out right now, we will get there just in time.
6. Would you walk up the stairs if the lift were out of order?
7. If you push the button, the doors open.
8. It would have been better if we had never met.
9. If God didn’t exist, it would be necessary to invent him.
10. You’ll hardly ever succeed if you don’t try.
11. If my dogs see strangers, they always bark.
12. You could have caught your bus if you had left five minutes ear-
lier.
13. If she were really thirsty, she would ask for a drink.
14. The beach is usually empty if it is raining.
15. If my alarm clock hadn’t gone off this morning, I would have been
late for classes.
16. We’ll have a picnic by the lake if the weather is sunny.
17. If today were Sunday, we would not have to go to work.
18. If he had been wearing his seatbelt at the time of the accident, he
wouldn’t have been injured so badly.
19. Frank would have passed the exam if he weren’t so forgetful.
20. If they had got married, she would be at home bringing up his chil-
dren and cooking his meals.
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. If you (don’t / won’t) hurry, we will be late!
2. If I (was / were) you, I would give him a call.
3. What would your parents say if you (got / get) a tattoo?
4. If I have some exciting news to pass on, I generally (send / will
send) a text message.
5. You wouldn’t (catch / have caught) cold if you had put your over-
coat on.
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6. If I (would see / see) Sandra, I will tell her that you are looking for
her.
7. If you (would have asked / had asked) me, I’d have lent you some
money.
8. I sometimes wonder what I would do if I (don’t / didn’t) have a
mobile phone.
9. If Molly (listened / had listened) to her mother, she would not have
married Steven.
10. If you have a headache, (take / will take) the medicine and go to
bed.
11. I might have got some money for my old laptop if I (would have
listed / had listed) it on eBay.
12. As the old proverb has it, the soul (would have / will have) no rain-
bow if the eyes had no tears.
13. If you’ve lost your bank card, you (should reapply / could reapply)
to the bank for a new one.
14. I (wouldn’t have missed / wouldn’t miss) the train if you had picked
me up!
15. If they (will lose / lose) another match, I will never go to see them
play again.
16. If I found a wallet in the street, I (would take / would have taken) it
to the police station.
17. Shoppers can get a discount on their purchases if they (bring / will
bring) along one of these flyers.
18. He (won’t / don’t) come to the party if you (won’t / don’t) invite
him.
19. If you (lived / had lived) closer to me, I’d have given you a lift
home.
20. If I (saved / had saved) my pocket money for the last year, I could
afford to buy some new earbuds.
III. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. If you … to work in an advertising agency, you need to be very cre-
ative.
a. want c. will want
b. wanted d. would want
303
2. If he … you to go out with him, what would you say?
a. asks c. asked
b. had asked d. will ask
3. You … to fall asleep if you watch this horror lm.
a. wouldn’t be able c. wouldn’t have been able
b. aren’t able d. won’t be able
4. If I … you, I would never trust my rst impression!
a. was c. am
b. were d. would be
5. We exchange faulty goods only if you … a receipt.
a. will produce c. produce
b. produced d. would produce
6. What … if you had a quarrel with your best friend?
a. will you do c. did you do
b. had you done d. would you do
7. If he … in time, he would have taken all necessary measures.
a. were warned c. was warned
b. had warned d. had been warned
8. I … cutting o contact if anyone treated me like that.
a. would probably start c. would probably have started
b. will probably start d. probably start
9. If you cannot decide between two alternatives, … a coin.
a. will toss c. would toss
b. toss d. tossed
10. If you … more eectively in the interview, you’d certainly have got
that job.
a. communicated c. had communicated
b. would communicate d. would have communicated
11. If I … the truth, no one … me.
a. will tell; will believe c. tell; will believe
b. will tell; believes d. tell; would believe
12. Suppose you … a crime being committed, what … ?
a. saw; would you do c. had seen; will you do
b. had seen; would you do d. saw; did you do
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13. If we … in high school, I’m 100 % sure that we never … .
a. met; would have dated c. had met; would date
b. meet; would date d. had met; would have dated
14. If a TV commercial … too many times, it … being eective.
a. shows; will stop c. will show; will stop
b. will show; stops d. is shown; stops
15. According to the timetable, if the bus … on time, we … at midnight.
a. will depart; will arrive c. depart; arrive
b. departs; will arrive d. will depart; arrive
16. If you had followed my instructions, you … .
a. wouldn’t get lost c. wouldn’t have got lost
b. won’t get lost d. hadn’t got lost
17. We … more comfortable at present if we … double rooms.
a. would be; booked
b. would be; had booked
c. would have been; had booked
d. would have been; booked
18. If he … so willing and energetic, he wouldn’t have got the post of
Managing Director.
a. weren’t c. isn’t
b. hadn’t been d. wasn’t being
19. If they … an online dating site, they … happily married now.
a. didn’t use; wouldn’t be
b. hadn’t used; wouldn’t be
c. hadn’t used; wouldn’t have been
d. weren’t using; won’t be
20. If you … less alcohol last night, you … a hangover.
a. had drunk; won’t have
b. would have drunk; didn’t have
c. had drunk; wouldn’t have
d. drank; wouldn’t have had
IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в требующейся
форме:
1. If you (do) that again, I will have to call the police!
2. If you (wear) tight jeans, your legs look longer.
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3. I (not put up) with that if I were in your shoes.
4. If you (be) interested in my proposal, email me at offer@mail.by.
5. Where would you like to live if you (have) the chance to choose?
6. If a person (blush) while talking, he or she may be telling a lie.
7. If he (tell) me about his resignation earlier, I (hire) someone else for
his position.
8. An Irish proverb says, if you (not sow) in the spring, you (not reap)
in the autumn.
9. Just imagine what chaos there (be) if we (live) in a society without
laws!
10. If you (smile) sincerely at someone, they usually (smile) back.
11. If I (be) you, I (not waste) time. I’d learn foreign languages. It’s
very important for getting a good job.
12. If I (know) the risks associated with my surgery, I (not agree) to that
procedure.
13. As a rule we (not employ) people unless they (be) experienced and
eager to work hard.
14. If you (order) goods on the Internet, they always (send) you an
email confirmation.
15. If you (be) a celebrity, you (be) happy to appear in advertising pro-
motions?
16. We stayed five nights at the hotel and if we (not pay) for it in ad-
vance, we (leave) earlier.
17. She (not miss) the deadline if she (not be) so disorganised.
18. If we (turn) our attention to the company’s problems last month, we
(not be) in such a situation now.
19. If she (be) more reasonable, she (not speak) to her boss like that.
20. Sometimes I wonder what my life (be) like now if I (follow) my
childhood dream to become a designer.
V. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите
внимание на порядок слов в придаточном предложении:
1. Should you see Becky, tell her I’ll be back at around five.
2. Were I in your place, I would do the same thing.
3. Had Arthur had the right tools, he could have repaired his bicycle
himself.
4. Should I find your tablet computer, I will let you know.
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5. Could I speak English well, I would get a better-paid job.
6. Had she gone to bed earlier, she wouldn’t have overslept.
7. Were he taller, he would make a good basketball player.
8. Had I known how useful this website is, I’d have come here long
ago!
9. Should you change your mind about coming to the beach, give me
a ring.
10. Had the motorcyclist been wearing a helmet, he would have sur-
vived the accident.
VI. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. I would prefer a window seat … it is possible.
а. in case c. if
b. unless d. but for
2. … these biscuits are eaten today, I will have to throw them out.
а. If not c. Only if
b. If only d. Unless
3. I can lend you my car … you buy your own petrol.
а. supposing that c. providing that
b. in case d. even if
4. Teachers are always right … they are wrong.
а. even if c. if
b. only if d. in case
5. I hope Gabi gets here soon. … , we’ll have to set out without her.
а. Unless c. Only if not
b. If not d. As long as not
6. I will bring you a blanket … it gets cold.
а. but for c. supposing
b. in case d. unless
7. You won’t succeed … you don’t take a few risks.
а. if c. only if
b. unless d. in case
8. … you were awarded rst prize. How would you feel?
а. In case c. If only
b. As long as d. Supposing
307
9. My parents said I could go to the party … I was home by midnight.
а. even if c. as long as
b. but for d. unless
10. … one mistake, Mark would have got all the questions correct on
the test.
а. If only c. Provided
b. But for d. In case
11. Millions of lives could be saved … someone found a cure for
cancer.
а. if c. even if
b. in case d. only if
12. My boss will give me a day o … I work on Sunday morning.
а. in case c. supposing that
b. on condition that d. unless
13. I won’t tell Bill about Sarah’s new boyfriend … he asks me directly.
а. provided c. unless
b. supposing d. on condition that
14. Children under 12 can be admitted to lms classied as 12+ … ac-
companied by an adult.
а. if not c. even if
b. if only d. only if
15. I wouldn't join a social networking site … a hundred people invited
me! It’s a sheer waste of time.
а. but for c. unless
b. even if d. supposing
16. … your mobile broke down on holiday, what would you do?
а. Suppose c. Even if
b. Provided d. Only if
17. My mum always makes up a shopping list … she forgets what to
buy at the supermarket.
а. if c. as long as
b. unless d. in case
18. … you are not accepted to the college? What will you do then?
а. Even if c. Only if
b. What if d. But for
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19. John will be home at ve o’clock … he doesn’t miss the six o’clock
train c. if only
а. provided
b. supposing d. unless
20. … the Internet, we would not be able to nd the information we
need so quickly.
а. Even if c. But for
b. As long as d. Only if
уПОТрЕблЕНИЕ ГлАГОльНых фОрм
Для вырАжЕНИя НЕрЕАльНых ДЕЙСТвИЙ
1) Для обозначения маловероятных или нереальных желаний,
а также для выражения сожаления о выполненном действии используется вводная конструкция I wish, которая переводится на
русский язык словами «мне бы хотелось», «как жаль, что не»,
а также словосочетание If only – «если бы только». В придаточном
предложении после I wish и If only употребляется:
– Past Indefinite или Past Continuous, если речь идет о невоз-
можности выполнить действие в настоящем.
If only I knew where she is. – Если бы только я знала, где она.
Обратите внимание, что глагол to be традиционно имеет форму
were для всех лиц (I were, he were, you were, they were и т. п.).
I wish I were you. – Мне бы хотелось быть на вашем месте. =
Жаль, что я не на вашем месте.
В современном английском языке возможно употребление
формы was – he was, she was, it was:
I wish it were (was) not raining now. – Мне бы хотелось, чтобы
сейчас не шел дождь. = Жаль, что сейчас идет дождь.
– Past Perfect или Past Perfect Continuous для сожаления о про-
шлом действии:
I wish you had paid your bills on time. – Мне бы хотелось, чтобы
вы оплатили счета вовремя. = Жаль, что вы не оплатили счета вовремя.
I wish I had not phoned her yesterday. – Мне бы хотелось, чтобы
я не звонил ей вчера. = Жаль, что я позвонил ей вчера.
309
If only he had been driving more slowly that night! – Если бы
только он ехал медленнее той ночью!
– Would с инфинитивом для обозначения будущего действия:
I wish they would come tomorrow. – Мне бы хотелось, чтобы они
приехали завтра. = Жаль, что они не приедут завтра.
Кроме того, would может использоваться для выражения кри-
тики, жалобы или недовольства по поводу существующего положения дел:
I wish you would not interrupt me. – Мне хотелось бы, чтобы вы
меня не перебивали.
If only she would stop complaining! – Если бы только она прекратила жаловаться!
Выразить сожаление о том, что некоторое действие, скорее
всего, не сможет осуществиться в будущем, можно употребив в
придаточном предложении could с инфинитивом:
I wish we could meet more often. – Мне бы хотелось, чтобы мы
могли встречаться чаще. = Жаль, что мы не можем встречаться чаще.
Однако нельзя употреблять would после wish, если подлежа-
щие главного и придаточного предложений совпадают. В этом
случае можно использовать could с инфинитивом или глагол
в форме Past Indefinite:
НЕЛЬЗЯ: I wish I would do it myself
. → I wish I could do (=I wish
I did) it myself. – Мне бы хотелось сделать это самому.
2) Нереальное сравнение может быть выражено в придаточном
предложении, вводимом союзами as if или as though «как если
бы», «как будто». В зависимости от того, как действие придаточного предложения соотносится с действием главного предложения, в придаточном предложении употребляются следующие формы:
– Если действие придаточного предложения происходит одно-
временно с действием главного предложения, то оно выражается при помощи Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.
She felt as though she had wings. – Она чувствовала себя так, как
будто у нее были крылья.
Обратите внимание, что глагол to be обычно имеет форму were
для всех лиц, однако употребление формы was также возможно:
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