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Файл:Грамматика английского языка готовимся к централизованному тестированию
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5. a. approached c. was approaching
b. is approaching d. was approached
6. a. was covered c. is covered
b. had covered d. had been covered
7. a. had c. has had
b. was having d. had had
8. a. were c. would be
b. are d. had been
9. a. will receive c. had received
b. would receive d. has received
10. a. gave c. was given
b. has given d. is given
VII. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложен-
ных вариантов ответа:
A few days ago I read a rather funny story in the local newspaper
about an incident at a football match. The article said that a woman (1)
… furious when she (2) … home and saw that a football supporter (3)
… the driveway to her house by parking his car right in front of it. The
woman was so angry that she decided to drive her car onto the football
pitch in the middle of the game and park it there! She really thought
that the problem (4) … in such a way. She told the crowd that if people
(5) … on her ground, then she (6) … on theirs. She also refused to
move her car until the guilty fan (7) … and moved his car. The amazed
crowd looked around and wondered who the guilty supporter might
be. The referee begged the woman (8) … the game any longer but she
would not listen. Then the referee asked the spectators who (9) … and
someone finally admitted that it (10) … his. He left the stadium, moved
his car and the game continued.
1. a. became c. had become
b. has become d. was becoming
2. a. had arrived c. arrived
b. has arrived d. would arrive
3. a. blocked c. had been blocked
b. had blocked d. has blocked
4. a. could be solved c. could solved
b. can be solved d. can solved
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5. a. will park c. park
b. would park d. parked
6. a. had parked c. will park
b. parks d. would park
7. a. had been found c. would nd
b. has found d. will be found
8. a. to not hold up c. did not hold up
b. not to hold up d. do not hold up
9. a. the car belongs to c. did the car belong to
b. does the car belong to d. the car belonged to
10. a. had been c. was
b. would be d. is
VIII. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложен-
ных вариантов ответа:
It was just an ordinary Saturday evening and I was not planning to
go out. However, at 6 p.m. my friend Josh called and asked (1) … to
join him at a dance party. I replied that I (2) … permission from my
parents. At first my dad (3) … ‘no’ but I managed to convince him that
it (4) … to be a quiet and relaxed activity, so in the end he agreed. I
promised that I (5) … home before midnight.
Nevertheless, I got home rather late. My dad was very angry and
enquired why (6) … so late. I explained to him that I (7) … the time
and had missed the last bus. He warned me (8) … it happen again and
threatened that I (9) … out for a month if it did. Then he ordered (10)
… to my mother for worrying her.
1. a. would you like c. whether would I like
b. if would I like d. if I would like
2. a. have to get c. had to get
b. must got d. will have to get
3. a. said c. spoke
b. told d. talked
4. a. is going c. had gone
b. was going d. will be going
5. a. will be c. had been
b. would be d. was
6. a. had I been c. I am
b. was I d. I was
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7. a. had forgotten c. have forgotten
b. forgot d. was forgetting
8. a. don’t let c. not to let
b. didn’t let d. to not let
9. a. wouldn’t allow c. wasn’t allowed
b. won’t be allowed d. wouldn’t be allowed
10. a. that I apologize c. me to apologized
b. me to apologize d. to me apologized
IX. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложен-
ных вариантов ответа:
Have you ever come across an advertisement in a magazine that
produces a smell when you rub it? When scented advertisements first
came on the market, many customers complained that the smells (1) …
unpleasantly strong. In addition, some experts (2) … that the products
that (3) … in those adverts (4) … harmful to people’s health. Despite
the opposition, advertisers continued using scents in their adverts.
A study carried out by Dutch scientists showed that 84% of readers
(5) … to a scented advertisement which increased their interest in
buying the product. Some advertisers even claimed that using a scented
advert (6) … the sales of the product by 25 %. Specialists explain this
phenomenon by saying that a combination of scent and image (7) …
that readers (8) … an advertisement better.
Since those early years, scented adverts have become increasingly
common and advertisers say they (9) … to use them in the future
because they already (10) … an effective way of selling products.
1. a. are c. were
b. have been d. were being
2. a. were warned c. has warned
b. had warned d. warned
3. a. appeared c. were appeared
b. appear d. had been appeared
4. a. might be c. might were
b. may be d. might been
5. a. have reacted c. had been reacted
b. were reacted d. reacted
6. a. raises c. had raised
b. will raise d. was raised
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7. a. ensures c. was ensuring
b. is ensured d. was ensured
8. a. had remembered c. remembered
b. would remember d. remember
9. a. would continue c. would have continued
b. will continue d. will be continued
10. a. had become c. would become
b. have become d. will become
X. Прочитайте диалог. Дополните отчет полицейского,
используя косвенную речь:
Policeman:
Mr Bieber
Policeman:
Mr Bieber
Policeman:
Mr Bieber
Policeman:
First, I asked Mr Bieber what (1) … (he do) at ten o’clock the night
before. He answered that he (2) … (sleep). He explained that he (3) …
(work) all day so he was extremely tired. He claimed that his wife (4)
… (can confirm) that. Then I wanted to know at what time (5) … (he
get) back home and he replied that he (6) … (not remember). Next I
enquired if he (7) … (know) anything about the robbery that took place
at the jeweller’s at ten o’clock the previous evening. He said that he (8)
… (be) at home at that time and denied that he (9) … (steal) anything.
I let him go and warned that I (10) … (may have) more questions for
him at a later date.
What were you doing at ten o’clock last night?
I was sleeping. I had been working all day, so I was extremely tired. My wife can conrm it.
What time did you get back home from work?
I don’t remember.
Do you know anything about the robbery that took place
at the jeweller’s at ten o’clock yesterday evening?
I was at home at that time. I didn’t steal anything.
You are free to leave now. I may have more questions for
you at a later date.
REPORT
XI. Когда Ник потерял работу, его друг Джон одолжил
ему $300. Две недели спустя Ник отправил Джону голосовое сообщение:
“Hello, John. Nick speaking. I’m calling to say that I can’t give
you the $300 now, but I’ll pay you back at the end of the month. I did a
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temporary job for a café last week and they are going to pay me today.
So I’ll certainly be able to give you $100 this evening. You can contact
me tonight if you want to have it. I’m really sorry that I haven’t paid
you back yet.”
Прошла неделя с тех пор, как Ник оставил сообщение.
Джон и Ник говорят по телефону. Дополните слова Джона, используя косвенную речь:
“When you left the voice message a week ago, you said that you (1)
… me all the money (2) …, but you (3) … me pack at the end of the
month. You said you (4) … a temporary job for a café (5) … and that
they (6) … to pay you (7) … . You offered to give me $100 that evening
and said that I (8) … you (9) … if I (10) … to have it. You told me you
(11) … really sorry that you (12) … me back yet. But you didn’t answer
my call when I phoned and I haven’t heard from you since then.”
XII. Прочитайте предложения. В некоторых из них со-
держатся ошибки. Найдите и исправьте их:
1. I know for sure someone had been smoking in here before.
2. She asked her boyfriend if could he pick her up that night.
3. There, you see! I told you the bus will be on time.
4. I’ve asked him if he had ever thought of studying abroad.
5. Could you tell me what time the next train left?
6. The coach ordered Kevin to take the chewing gum out of his mouth.
7. In the morning she sent me a text saying that she couldn’t make it
today.
8. I promised that I would stop complaining about the weather, but I
can’t help it.
9. My mum reminded me did not forget to turn off the lights before
leaving the house.
10. His mobile number was not available and I was offered to leave a
message or call back later.
11. Austin wondered weather they were planning a surprise party for
his birthday.
12. What did the interviewer ask you? ~ He wanted to know why did I
decide to join their company.
13. The manager threatened to sack the sales assistant if he wouldn’t
apologize to the customers.
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14. The teacher told us that the names of planets are used without the
article.
15. I was about to buy a flat, but Katie said I could rent hers for six
months while she is away.
16. When I asked him what he was doing there, he said me it was none
of my business.
17. Your mother phoned half an hour ago. She said it was nothing important and that she’ll ring back later.
18. Some people say teenagers are difficult but in my experience most
of them are very well-adjusted.
19. The police have warned the public that criminals are using social
networks to befriend them and tap into secret information.
20. It was announced that Google Translate has released a paid version
of the software, for business and commercial use.
XIII. Прочитайте текст. Найдите и исправьте в нем
10 ошибок:
Last Friday I phoned Celia and asked her if she has any plans for
that evening. She told that she really wanted to see Adil El Arbi’s latest
film Bad Boys for Life starring Will Smith. I replied that I had watched
it last night. Celia asked me why hadn’t I told her that I was going to
the cinema. I explained her that I hadn’t realized that she was so keen to
see Bad Boys for Life and asked if she will like to see The Photograph
instead. Celia said that she couldn’t because she has already arranged
to see it with her friend Kelly tomorrow. I suggested it would be better
if we do something else. She agreed and asked me that I come to her
house for a meal instead.
XIV. Прочитайте текст. Найдите в нем 10 лишних слов.
В каждой строке не более одного лишнего слова:
1. I’m sure that my job interview went well. The hiring manager
2. just asked for a couple of questions about me and my working
3. experience. First, he asked me if did I lived far from the oce
4. and how long it had been taken me to get there. He then wanted
5. to know how old I was and where I was I born although
6.
I had sent him my CV by email. His next question was whether I
7. was married or not. I replied him that I was divorced and that
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8. I had two children. He wondered why I had left my previous job
9. and I told to him. His main questions were about my qualications
10. and the qualities of a good web designer. He also asked what
11. if I liked most about my job and who had told me about their
12. company. Finally, he enquired how much I had been being paid
13. in my last job and how much was I expected to be paid. At the
14. end of the interview he invited me to not come to a group
15. interview. I’m quite condent that I will get this job.
XV. Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков
только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу:
I had a very strange talk with my next door neighbour the other
day. I was locking the door of my flat when she came up to me, (1) …
hello and then suddenly asked (2) … I had ever tried a hair tint called
Majestic Blonde. I told (3) … that I didn’t dye my hair, but she insisted
that I (4) … change my mind if I tried that one. She said that she (5) …
never used any hair tint either until she discovered that brand. She just
went on talking about how wonderful it (6) … . I didn’t really want to
listen to her, so I said that I (7) … to leave for work. And imagine – she
replied that she (8) … drop in later and show it to me! I politely refused
as I actually didn’t want her to come at all.
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11. СОСлАГАТЕльНОЕ НАКлОНЕНИЕ
ТИПы уСлОвНых ПрЕДлОжЕНИЙ
Тип
Реальное
в настоящем
– If you heat ice, it turns to water. – Если подогревать лед, он превраща-
0
ется в воду.
– If I don’t get enough sleep, I feel tired. – Если я не высыпаюсь, я чувствую себя уставшим.
Реальное
в будущем
– If we don’t hurry, we will miss the train. – Если мы не поторопимся, мы
опоздаем на поезд.
– Nobody will notice if you make a mistake. – Никто не заметит, если ты
сделаешь ошибку.
I
– If I am feeling better, I will be back at work. – Если я буду чувствовать
себя лучше, я выйду на работу.
– If you have a headache, take an aspirin. – Если у тебя болит голова, при-
ми аспирин.
– If Bill phones, don’t tell him that I am here. – Если Билл позвонит, не го-
вори ему, что я здесь.
– If he comes, you can get a lift home with him. – Если он приедет, ты смо-
жешь поехать домой вместе с ним.
Придаточное
предложение
Present Indenite Present Indenite
Present Indenite,
Present Continuous
повелительное наклонение, модальные глаголы
Главное
предложение
Future Indenite,
Нереальное
действие,
относящееся
к настоящему или
II
к будущему
– If I had a millions dollars, I would build a house. – Если бы у меня был
миллион долларов, я бы построил дом.
Past Indenite,
Past Continuous
Future-in-the-Past
(would +V),
Future-Continuous-in-the-
Past (would be + V-ing)
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Тип
– If I were
Придаточное
предложение
*
you, I would not trust him. – Если бы я был на вашем месте,
Главное
предложение
я бы ему не доверял.
*
– I would buy this laptop if it were (was)
cheaper. – Я бы купил этот но-
утбук, если бы он был дешевле.
– If he liked his job, he would not be looking for another one now. – Если
II
бы ему нравилась его работа, он не искал бы другую сейчас.
– If the sun were (was) shining now, we could go to the beach. – Если бы
сейчас светило солнце, мы могли бы пойти на пляж.
– If I knew where she lives, I might go and see her. – Если бы я знал, где
она живет, я, возможно, сходил бы к ней в гости.
Нереальное
действие,
относящееся
к прошлому
Past Perfect,
Past Perfect
Continuous
Future-Perfect-in-the-Past
(would have + V3),
Future-Perfect-Continuous-in-
the-Past
(would have + been + V-ing)
– If you had studied harder last year, you would have entered the university.
– Если бы ты усерднее занимался в прошлом году, ты бы поступил в
университет.
III
– If I’d known you were coming, I’d have baked a cake. – Если бы я знала,
что ты приезжаешь, я бы испекла пирог.
– If she had missed her bus, he would have been waiting for her at the station for hours. – Если бы она опоздала на автобус, он бы несколько ча-
сов ждал ее на вокзале.
– If he had been crossing the street through the red light, he could have been
hit by a car. – Если бы он переходил улицу на красный свет, он мог бы
попасть под машину.
Past Perfect Future-in-the-Past
Смешанный тип
Past Indenite Future-Perfect-in-the-Past
– If I had not eaten too much chocolate, I would not feel terrible. – Если бы
я не съела так много шоколада, я бы не чувствовала себя плохо.
– If I had installed an antivirus, my computer wouldn’t be infected. – Если
бы я установил антивирус, мой компьютер не был бы заражен.
* Обратите внимание, что во втором типе условных предложений глагол to be тра-
диционно имеет форму were для всех лиц (I were, he were, you were, they were и т. п.),
однако в современном английском языке were часто заменяется формой was (I was,
he was, she was, it was). Исключением является выражение If I were you … – Если бы я
был на твоем месте … .
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Тип
– If you had prepared everything beforehand, we would not be waiting for
you now. – Если бы ты подготовил все заранее, нам не пришлось бы
ждать тебя сейчас.
– If he were not so absent-minded, he would not have lost the keys again. –
Если бы он не был таким рассеянным, он не потерял бы ключи опять.
If John were more experienced, he would have been promoted long ago. –
Если бы Джон был более опытным, его могли бы уже давно повысить.
– If I spoke better English, I might have got that job. – Если бы я лучше го-
ворил по-английски, я наверняка получил бы ту работу.
Придаточное
предложение
Главное
предложение
Инверсия в придаточных условных предложениях
Инверсия (обратный порядок слов) возможна в придаточных условных предложениях, если в состав сказуемого входят глаголы were, had, could, should. В таких предложениях
if опускается, а вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:
– If I were there, I would help them. = Were I there, I would help
them. – Если бы я был там, я бы помог им.
f I had not heard about it before, I would not have believed you.
– I
= Had I not heard about it before, I would not have believed
you. – Если бы я слышал об этом раньше, я бы не поверил
тебе.
– If you could stop time, what would you do? = Could you stop time,
what would you do? – Если бы ты смог остановить время, что бы
ты сделал?
– If you should change your mind, let me know. = Should you change
your mind, let me know. – Если ты вдруг передумаешь, дай мне
знать.
Инверсия используется в стилистических целях для придания
высказыванию большей выразительности.
Помимо союза if условные предложения могут вводиться следующими союзами:
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