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Файл:Английский язык без репетитора секреты успешной подготовки к тестированию
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Причастие I Причастие II
exciting – захватывающий excited – взволнованный
exhausting – изнуряющий exhausted – изнуренный
fascinating – очаровательный fascinated – очарованный
frightening – пугающий frightened – испуганный
horrifying – ужасающий horrified – напуганный
injuring – травмирующий injured – раненый
interesting – интересный interested – заинтересованный
irritating – раздражающий irritated – раздраженный
pleasing – приятный pleased – довольный
relaxing – расслабляющий relaxed – расслабленный
scaring – пугающий scared – напуганный
shocking – шокирующий shocked – шокированный
surprising – удивительный surprised – удивленный
surrounding – окружающий surrounded – окруженный
terrifying – пугающий terrified – испуганный
tiring – утомительный tired – уставший
worrying – беспокоящий worried – обеспокоенный
Герундий – это форма глагола, обозначающая название действия. Соответствующей формы в русском языке нет. Герундий
употребляется после предлогов, а также после некоторых глаголов и словосочетаний.
to admit (to)
to avoid
to delay
to deny
to discuss
to dislike
to enjoy
to fancy
to feel like
to finish
to imagine
to include
Например:
I am afraid of flying.
All cats enjoy lying in the sun.
to involve
to mention
to mind
to miss
to object to
to postpone
to practise
to prevent
to propose
to resist
to risk
to suggest
can’t help
it looks like
it’s no good
it’s no use
it’s worth
there is no point (in)
to be accustomed to
to be addicted to
to be used to
to get used to
to have difficulty (in)
to look forward to
181
I don’t feel like walking.
Do you mind my (me) opening the window?
We are looking forward to your coming.
Глаголы, после которых может использоваться
как инфинитив, так и герундий
Глаголы
remember,
forget,
regret
stop
try
advise,
allow,
permit,
consider,
encourage,
forbid,
recommend
be used to /
get used to
used to инфинитив бывало, раньше
Случаи употребления Примеры
герундий
инфинитив
герундий
инфинитив
герундий
инфинитив
герундий
инфинитив
герундий привыкать I am used to getting up early.
предшествующее
действие
одновременное
действие
прекратить выполнять действие
остановиться,
чтобы выполнить
действие
пробовать
выполнить легкое
действие
сделать попытку
часто безуспешно)
(
при отсутствии
дополнения
при наличии до-
полнения
в форме страдательного залога
I remember locking the door.
He regretted hurting her.
Don’t forget to lock the door.
I forgot to add sugar so the
cake is not tasty.
We regret to inform you that
you are fired.
He stopped smoking.
He stopped to smoke.
Try ringing the doorbell.
Try to climb in the flat
through the window.
He doesn’t allow smoking in
his office.
He doesn’t allow anyone to
smoke in his office.
It isn’t allowed to smoke in
the office.
I used to swim a lot in my
childhood.
1. Прочитайте предложения. Выберите один из предложенных
вариантов ответа:
1. Don’t forget … to my channel to stay up to date.
a. to subscribing c. subscribe
b. subscribing d. to subscribe
182
2. I suggested … the mall and everyone agreed.
a. visit c. visited
b. to visit d. visiting
3. My friend never lets … the movie we are going to see.
a. me picking c. my picking
b. me pick d. me to pick
4. Sometimes I say things and then don’t remember … them.
a. saying c. said
b. say d. to say
5. The pandemic forced … a safe distance in public places.
a. our keep c. us kept
b. us to keep d. us keep
6. Walking the dog this morning, I saw … down the street.
a. they running c. them running
b. them to run d. they ran
7. We’re really looking forward … you again.
a. to seeing c. seeing
b. to see d. see
8. What caused … late this morning?
a. you are c. you be
b. your to be d. you to be
9. I overheard my colleagues … about me.
a. gossiped c. to gossiping
b. gossiping d. to gossip
10. On the last day of the trip, we stopped … a look at the ancient Great
Wall of China.
a. to take c. taking
b. take d. took
11. Remember … the key at reception when you check out of the hotel.
a. leave c. to leave
b. left d. leaving
12. Would you mind … me an ice cream? I forgot my wallet.
a. about buying c. to buy
b. buy d. buying
13. We were furious that they made … in the airport lounge all day.
a. we waited c. us wait
b. us to wait d. our waiting
14. I tried … about you. I failed.
a. to stop to think c. stopping thinking
b. to stop thinking d. stopping to think
183
15. How many of you did a factory reset on a laptop but forgot … impor-
tant files on it?
a. to back up c. backed up
b. backing up d. back up
16. Clive doesn’t think he did anything wrong since no one noticed … .
a. he stole c. him stealing
b. his steal d. him to steal
17. Is it worth … a holiday home to let it out when you’re not there?
a. buy c. to buy
b. buying d. bought
18. How come you didn’t remember … the babysitter? What shall we do
now?
a. called c. call
b. calling d. to call
19. Brad is going to be … today on one of the most popular radio stations.
a. interview c. to interview
b. interviewed d. interviewing
20. You should never stop … because life never stops … .
a. learning; to teach c. to learn; to teach
b. to learn; teaching d. learning; teaching
2. Прочитайте предложения. В каждом из них найдите и исправь-
те ошибку в употреблении инфинитива, причастия либо герундия:
1. I would rather regret something I did than regret not to do something.
2. Teen boys are likely spend more than three hours a day gaming.
3. The firefighters managed rescuing several people from a burning
building.
4. Human rights activists are demanding better treatment for imprison
criminals.
5. I am really scaring about speaking in front of an audience.
6. Don’t forget to take care of your hair to make it to look healthy.
7. The rain forest homes of many species are disappearing at an alarmed
rate.
8. It is often impossible tell the difference between quality recycled and
virgin paper.
9. I feel really shocked about the news, but at the same time not very
surprising.
10. In boil large potatoes, it often happens that outside is soft, while
centre is underdone.
11. The police officer stopped check the vehicle and noticed a child
sleeping in the backseat.
12. There is something unusually calming about stark winter landscapes
and snow-covering hills.
184
13. Stop telling me what to do! Let me to make up my own mind.
14. Tickets purchased online have guaranteed entry while only a limiting
number of tickets will be available at the box office.
15. Applicants are required to submit detailed evidence to show they are
able to meet the requiring standards.
16. Freegal Music allows you download previously downloaded songs
again, without using up one of your weekly downloads.
17. In January Chinese authorities informed the WHO that they were
dealing with an outbreak caused by an unknowing virus.
18. Smiling is known to be a mood booster and even a forced smile can
reduce stress. So, don’t forget smiling!
19. The teacher encouraged Marcus to calm down, and let him to know
that if he didn’t, she would have to ask him to leave the classroom.
20. After a tired walk in the Lake District, we had a hearty meal prepared
by the chef using local ingredients.
21. For women the number one irritated habit in a partner is smoking,
while men dislike their significant other spending too much time on
their phone.
22. A brightly-lit Christmas tree, gifts spread under the tree, and a fire
crackled nearby – this is the typical holiday scene.
23. To protect yourself from a virus, never touch your face with unwash-
ing hands and try to avoid close contact with infected people.
24. Roulette is considered being the most fun game on earth. It’s thrill-
ing to play at the right time when the amounts appear to be coming
out right for you.
25. The unbelted driver got his car smashed up in an accident and was
transported to the nearest medical center with serious life-threat-
ened injuries.
26. If you are lazy and do not like working, CDK is the place for you.
The work is extremely bored and they claim it to be very challenging.
27. The application, calling Never Lost, is created for children and an-
swers some questions that a child may have when lost or found in an
emergency situation.
28. There’s nothing more annoyed than your cat deciding to use your
leather furniture as a scratching post.
29. If you are thinking of get a smartphone that is priced at a pocket-
friendly rate and is also equipped with a plethora of useful functions,
then you have landed on the right page.
30. The Hobbiton Movie Set in New Zealand is a location used for The
Lord of the Rings film trilogy. This fascinating place is worth visiting
even if you are not interesting in the Hobbits.
185
В централизованном тестировании есть несколько заданий на
нахождение ошибок в подчеркнутых фрагментах. В каждом предложении подчеркнуто четыре или пять фрагментов. В одном из
них – ошибка. Нужно указать номер фрагмента с ошибкой. В таких заданиях из года в год проверяется один и тот же набор правил. Зная эти правила, вы легко найдете ошибку.
1. Существительные (см. стр. 139–140, 142)
We were waving at passer-bys and they were waving
back. (passers-by)
Meghan Markle and Kate Middleton make the perfect royal sister-in-laws. (sisters-in-law)
число
существительных
притяжательный
падеж
2. Согласование подлежащего и сказуемого в числе (см. стр. 140–141)
a number of +
глагол в мн.ч.
the number of +
глагол в ед.ч.
majority / minority +
глагол в мн.ч.
It took two hours to be allowed through the custom.
(customs)
Please, accept this gift as an expression of our thank.
(thanks)
At that time, we were living on the outskirt of the city.
(outskirts)
I was whistling a popular childrens’ song. (children’s)
She’s made a delicious pizza to her mother’s-in-law
recipe. (mother-in-law’s)
Bob’s and Nora’s honeymoon was an unforgettable
experience. (Bob and Nora’s)
Try to see this from someone’s else point of view.
(someone else’s)
A great number of cookery books contains recipes for
healthy meals. (contain)
There was a number of strikes against the government’s reform. (were)
There have been several cases of measles and the
number are rising. (is)
The number of people working from home has grown
considerably. (have)
Only a minority of people supports the new tax on
fuel. (support)
The majority of people, who diet, doesn’t do it right.
(don’t)
186
people, police, clothes
+ глагол в мн.ч.
money, news, advice
+ глагол в ед.ч.
период времени /
сумма денег /
расстояние / вес /
скорость + глагол
в ед.ч.
3. Местоимения (см. стр. 147–152)
личные,
притяжательные,
возвратные
it / there
both / either /
neither / no / none
what / which /
who / that
The police thinks that more than one person was in
the smashed car. (think)
The clothes in this boutique is too expensive. (are)
Rob asked if there were any other news about the accident. (was)
A lot of money have been spent on the renovation of
the hotel. (has)
Three months are enough to learn to swim. (is)
Two euros were a good tip for the waitress. (was)
Twenty kilos are quite a lot to carry around all day. (is)
I recommended a friend of me to try massage. (mine)
The beach was full of people enjoying them in the
sunshine. (themselves)
He felt himself very happy as though he had won a
million dollars. (felt)
It’s too much traffic on the roads. (There’s)
It’s no doubt that he will win the competition.
(There’s)
There’s impossible to have a normal conversation
with you. (It’s)
There took years to diagnose the disease. (It)
None of the banks of the river has a sandy beach.
(neither)
There were two witnesses but the police didn’t trust
both of them. (either)
Either chair is any good, they are both too hard.
(neither)
There’s none point in cramming the night before the
exam. (no)
We listened to the band what was playing fantastic
dance music. (which, that)
That’s the man which house was burgled last week.
(whose)
We stayed at the hotel which rooms were luxuriously
furnished. (whose)
They ran out of petrol miles from anywhere, that was
a real disaster. (which)
You will never forget that you learn with pleasure.
(what)
187
4. Числительные (см. стр. 174)
_bus 5
dozen / hundred /
thousand / million
the nineties /
the twentieth
a ten-minute break =
ten minutes’ break
5. Союзы
(см. стр. 168–170)
6. Сравнение прилагательных и на речий
(см. стр. 158–162)
7. Неличные формы глагола (см. стр. 178–182)
инфинитив без to
причастия -ing / -ed
Turn to the page eight for more details. (page eight)
Read the chapter two in your textbook. (chapter two)
Five hundreds of people were killed in the explosion.
(Five hundred people)
She changes her mind dozens times before making
a decision. (dozens of)
Michael was a successful businessman in the nine-
tieth. (the nineties)
In my mid-thirty I became the head of a language
school. (mid-thirties)
On 1 January 2019, the euro celebrated its twenty
birthday. (twentieth)
Kate is attending a three-month’s driving course.
(three-month)
I work with 20-years-old students learning English.
(20-year-old)
Leave a note on his desk so as he will remember to
phone the bank. (so that, in order that)
He collected the documents so that to apply for a
visa. (so as, in order)
I got the job despite of the fact that I had little experience with computers. (despite the fact)
Although the rain, lots of people came to the open-air
concert. (despite, in spite of)
I woke up this morning feeling happy because of it
was a sunny day. (because it was)
Let’s wait until the rain won’t stop. (stops)
Travelling makes us much more happier than any ma-
terial wealth does. (happier)
I’m such glad to see you after so a long time. (so glad;
such a long time)
It’s always raining! I really hate weather as this. (like)
I saw my granny to put salt in the sugar bowl. (put)
No one can make me to tell a lie. (tell)
It isn’t allowed smoke in the office. (to smoke)
I felt really shocking when I learnt about people who
die from starvation. (shocked)
The news about the train crash was rather worried.
(worrying)
Продолжение
188
инфинитив –
герундий
8. Согласование времен (см. стр. 32–33)
9. Порядок слов
в придаточном
предложении
(всегда прямой)
10. Лексика
(см. стр. 222, 228,
231–232, 236,
240–241, 243, 246)
I forgot switching off the lights when I left the house.
(to switch)
He regrets to leave school at the age of 15. (leaving)
When I saw Linda in the street, I stopped talking to
her. (to talk)
I hope you don’t mind to wait a little longer. (waiting)
The coach told the team it was time they begin training for the next match. (began)
Always wear clothes that reflect who are you. (you
are)
At the travel agency they know exactly when does the
train leave. (when the train leaves)
Never lose your temper with children – it’ll only do
things worse. (make)
Could you borrow me some money till the end of the
month? (lend)
For this exercise, it is best to lay down or sit with both
feet on the floor. (lie)
It’s impossible to say the difference between the original and the copy. (tell)
The campaign aims to rise awareness of the dangers
of passive smoking. (raise)
Секреты успеха!
Прочитайте предложение целиком и найдите в нем фрагмент,
связанный с вышеперечисленными правилами. Ваша основная
задача – держать в голове эти 10 правил для того, чтобы знать, что
искать!
Иногда в одном предложении встречается сразу несколько типичных фрагментов с возможной ошибкой. Например, в предложении It has been an increase in the number of students who leave school
at the age of eighteen есть и фрагмент на употребление it – there (думаю, что вы уже нашли в нем ошибку), и фрагмент с number, и с
местоимением who, и с числительным. Не спешите и внимательно
проверяйте каждый из фрагментов.
Выполняя задания на нахождение ошибки, вы заметите, что
они однотипные. Чем больше заданий вы проделаете, тем быстрее
и увереннее вы найдете фрагмент с ошибкой на тестировании.
Практика доводит выполнение подобных заданий до автоматизма.
189
В тренировочных заданиях старайтесь не только найти, но
и исправить ошибку. В разделе «Ответы» в конце учебника вы
найдете ответы к заданиям с указанием ошибочного фрагмента,
исправлением ошибки и указанием номера правила, которое вам
следует повторить.
Важно! На тестировании не теряйте время на исправление
ошибки! Вам нужно только указать номер фрагмента, в котором
допущена ошибка.
1. Прочитайте предложения. Укажите номер подчеркнутого
фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка. Исправьте ее.
1. There’s (1) a great article and photo on (2) the page 35 (3) of today’s
newspaper (4)!
2. The police is looking (1) for the woman (2) who (3) used someone
else’s (4) credit card.
3. It’s (1) not the boss’ problem (2) if employees work (3) during their
lunch breaks (4).
4. You never know (1) what (2) you can do (3) until you won’t try (4).
5. Please feel yourself (1) free to contact me (2) if you need (3) any
further (4) information.
6. There’s (1) none mistake (2) so great (3) as that of being always right
(4).
7. Sam got in trouble (1) for doing fun (2) of his teacher (3) in a
YouTube video (4).
8. You will be surprising (1) at the number (2) of volunteers who (3) are
willing (4) to help you.
9. I don’t mind (1) to wait (2) another two weeks (3) to have my order
delivered (4).
10. Don’t speak (1) if you don’t know (2) that (3) you are talking (4)
about.
11. The passer-bys (1) stood around like (2) silent witnesses and did (3)
absolutely nothing (4).
12. Money won’t make me (1) more happier (2). That’s what (3) friends
and nature are for (4).
13. Do you want to know (1) what (2) is it (3) like (4) to live in China?
14. It’s (1) only one way to succeed (2): work hard (3) and do everything
right (4).
15. Nicotine is extremely habit-forming (1), that is why (2) people find
(3) smoking such difficult (4) to quit.
16. Change can be frightened (1) because of (2) the unknown but almost
always (3) change provides (4) opportunities.
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