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c) She wanted him to teach her children to be environmentally
friendly.
2. The writer was surprised by what Tom said about the fridge because
a) it was only about fifteen years old.
b) she wanted it to stop working before she bought a new one.
c) she thought he would not recommend throwing things away.
3. Why is the writer using too much electricity in the living room?
a) A lot of the heat is escaping through the windows.
b) The writer has the heating on in November.
c) The window frames are not the right size.
4. According to Tom, both clean air filters and a properly-tuned engine
a) reduce fuel consumption by about 8%.
b) help to reduce the amount of fuel a car uses.
c) make a car environmentally friendly.
Определите значение указанного слова в тексте.
5. leak (§2)
a) admit b) absorb c) discharge
6. sympathetic (§5)
a) appealing b) agreeable c) satisfied
IV. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания к нему.
§1. In recent years, the use of electronic devices has drastically in-
creased, and current studies suggest that they may be responsible for decreased levels of happiness. Rachel Canfield had noticed these worrying
tendencies in her own family. “I was aware of the obvious dangers to
teenagers who spend too much time online,” she says. “I was regularly
telling my 14-year-old son Mason to turn off his game and go and get
some fresh air, or Katie, my 16-year-old daughter, to stop chatting with
her friends and get some sleep. That’s just a normal part of family life today. What worried me more is that their constant mobile phone use was
affecting their social interactions. Even when they invited their friends
over, I would find them all sitting together looking at their phones and
not talking.”
§2. Rachel’s concerns prompted her to carry out her own research
into the issue. When she came across an article about people who gave up
using electronic devices for a month, she was keen to try it with her own
family. However, she realised that it was going to take more than reading
an article to persuade them. “I found some of the research mentioned in
the article very worrying, particularly the increased risks of anxiety and
depression in young people, but I doubted that my family would be convinced,” she says. “But I wanted to avoid financial rewards, as they felt a
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bit too individualistic.” In the end, the promise of a fun family day out at
a theme park persuaded the Canfields to go tech-free for a whole month.
§3. At first it wasn’t that easy. “I felt completely lost without my
phone,” Katie recalls. “I felt isolated because I couldn’t chat with my
friends online. But after two weeks, things got easier. I started to meet
up with my friends more and it was much nicer to catch up face to face.
I already knew that online chat is not always an ideal use of time and
often delays more important tasks like studying, but I just couldn’t resist.
I was also aware that teenagers are often bullied online and that this can
make them anxious and depressed. Fortunately, this hasn’t happened to
me personally, but it’s certainly true that people can be much meaner
online than they would be face-to-face. What I hadn’t noticed was that
it was making me less happy in general.”
§4. The Canfield family’s experiment is now over, but they have
made a commitment to try and stick to some of the principles that they
established during their tech-free month. “Mobile phones and tablets
are strictly banned during mealtimes,” says Ernest, the father of the family. “And we have agreed to have a tech-free weekend activity each week,
where we all leave our phones at home.” Rachel feels delighted with the
results of the experiment and is certain that it helped her to achieve her
aim of improving her family’s happiness. “We now devote more time to
one another than we did when we used to spend every waking hour glued
to our screens,” she says. “It just goes to show that it is possible to enjoy
the convenience of modern technology without having to compromise
our family relationships and general happiness.”
Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа в соответ-
ствии с содержанием приведенного выше текста.
1. Why was Rachel Canfield worried about her children’s use of electronic
devices?
a) They were not spending enough time outside.
b) They had stopped spending time with their friends.
c) Their relationships with other people had changed.
2. How did Rachel convince her family to go ‘tech-free’ for a month?
a) by arranging an activity for them
b) by getting them to read an article on the subject
c) by giving them money
3. What did Katie realise about chatting online after her family’s experiment?
a) It made her feel anxious.
b) It is more enjoyable to chat face to face.
c) Young people are more often unkind to each other online.
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4. Which of the following is true about the Canfield family after the experiment?
a) They always leave their phones at home when they go out.
b) They regularly do some activities without their phones.
c) They no longer use mobile phones at home.
Определите значение указанного слова в тексте.
5. prompted (§2)
a) caused b) discouraged c) reminded
6. glued (§4)
a) screwed b) held c) stuck
Для проверки навыков поискового чтения, предполагающего умение быстро находить запрашиваемую информацию и игнорировать второстепенную, предлагаются несколько коротких
текстов, объединенных общей тематикой, и ряд вопросов к ним.
Необходимо установить соответствие между вопросами и текстами, т.е. нужно указать, в каком из текстов можно найти ответ на
каждый из вопросов. Этот вид чтения подразумевает поиск конкретных ключевых слов и нахождение по ним той части текста,
где содержится необходимая информация.
Алгоритм выполнения заданий по поисковому чтению:
1. Сначала прочитайте все вопросы и отметьте в них ключе-
вые слова.
2. Прочитайте первый текст, определите, на какой вопрос в
нем есть ответ.
3. Когда вы нашли информацию, являющуюся ответом на
тот или иной вопрос, снова прочитайте вопрос и внимательно
перечитайте ответ, чтобы убедиться в его правильности.
4. Повторите пункты 2–3 для следующих трех текстов.
Секреты успеха!
Сложность этого задания заключается в том, что все тексты
связаны одной темой, а вопросы чаще всего касаются не общей
тематики текстов, а отдельных деталей. В некоторых текстах может говориться приблизительно об одном и том же. Вам придется внимательно перечитывать вопрос и тексты, чтобы найти
точный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
Как правило, в вопросе используются слова, отличающиеся
от тех, которые вы встретите в тексте с правильным ответом.
Имейте ввиду, слова из неверного ответа могут быть написаны
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в тексте слово в слово, при этом ответ, скорее сего, будет неверным. Это ловушка! Поэтому не ищите одинаковых слов и дословных ответов, а старайтесь найти слова и выражения, имеющие похожее значение, и понять смысл текстов.
Если вы встретили в тексте незнакомое слово и считаете, что
оно поможет вам ответить на вопрос, попробуйте догадаться о
его значении по контексту.
I. Прочитайте тексты 1–4. Укажите номера текстов, в которых
находятся ответы на вопросы A–F.
1. Deborah Falcone
Kid-fund.org is a website that gives children advice on how to raise
funds for charity. This site was the brainchild of Deborah Falcone.
She had been deeply affected by televised scenes of destruction caused
by a hurricane that struck New Orleans. Deborah, who was 11 years
old at the time, decided she had to do something to help. Her mother
gave her a hand in setting up a website intended to raise money for
victims of the disaster. The response was incredible and after one year,
over $10 million had been donated. Deborah’s success made her realize she could use the site to raise money for similar worthy causes.
She doesn’t brag about her achievements, but she believes that children shouldn’t be afraid to take on ambitious projects. “I allow myself
to think big and then I take all the small steps to get there, one after
the other, never stopping.”
2. Ryan O’Donnell
Ryan came up with the idea for his website almost by accident.
One day in Bath, he had come across a protest march in which people
were demonstrating against a new animal testing laboratory in the city.
Fourteen-year-old Ryan had his own strong views on this controversial issue: he was very much in favour of scientific experiments being
carried out on animals because he believed it helped scientists develop
cures for diseases and could save countless human lives. Ryan went
home and set up a website called For-Test.org to raise public aware-
ness about the benefits of using animals for scientific research. The
response to the website was overwhelming and soon Ryan was spending about 16 hours a day answering emails and keeping the website
updated. While most people supported his efforts, Ryan also faced
some strong opposition. However, he continued to fight for what he
believed in. “It’s something I have to live with if I’m going to get my
point across,” Ryan said.
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3. Allison Flick
When she was 13 years old, Allison Flick and her 15-year-old
brother, Timothy, launched a website called tutorwithme.com. The idea
was to provide students with online peer-tutoring. Allison explained
that they had come up with the idea after assisting in a student tutoring programme in their school. “The programme really benefitted
the students, but there were many flaws, such as not having a reliable
place to hold the programme,” Allison explained. As their website
was online, there was no issue of location. Students from anywhere in
the world could interact with other students who provided assistance
with homework in subjects like maths, English, chemistry and physics.
They offered their service Monday to Thursday from 4 pm to 6 pm.
Allison pointed out that their membership fee for the site was a good
deal cheaper than any other online tutoring service.
4. Joel Carroll
This teenage entrepreneur made over a million dollars on the sale
of a website he had created. But the young millionaire was not satisfied. From his extensive experience working with the Internet, Joel
felt that most websites for teens focused on unimportant things such
as fashion trends and celebrities. “It seemed like there was a need for
a place to really engage young people in things that were more significant.” Joel decided that he wanted to set up a website that would
compensate for this lack of serious material. Together with his girlfriend, Joel set up TalkingGlobal, a site that gives teens from different
countries an opportunity to exchange ideas on problems facing the
world today. But TalkingGlobal is much more than another social networking site. It also offers practical advice on how young people can
contribute to finding solutions to world problems. Today the website
has approximately 570,000 members in over 200 countries.
Which person…
A. wanted to share ideas about a specific issue?
B. designed a site to make up for something that was missing?
C. was not put off by people’s reactions?
D. offered a service at a reasonable cost?
E. thinks age shouldn’t prevent you from following a dream?
F. was dissatisfied with the topics teenagers were relating to?
II. Прочитайте тексты 1–4. Укажите номера текстов, в которых находятся ответы на вопросы A–F.
How do you deal with everyday stress?
1. A freshman Julia Marver believes that the best way to beat
stress is to organise your life more sensibly. “My life used to be pretty
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chaotic, there always seemed to be so much to do, often jobs that
other people should have been doing. So what I eventually learned to
do was to say no, politely, to extra work. That helped, as did making
a list of priorities for each day, with some things scheduled for today,
others for tomorrow and some that could be postponed for longer.
I also make rules for myself about meal times, and the amount of
sleep I need. There was a time when I was staying up until all hours,
but I was exhausted the next day so I don’t do that anymore. I think
I manage my time quite well now, but nobody’s perfect and occasionally I still oversleep and turn up late for lectures!”
2.Timothy Owens, a second-year college student, likes to get up
early so he has a relaxed start to the day. “I hate leaving jobs till the
last minute, and I always try to do those I like least first,” he says.
“These days I always listen to music while I’m working,” he adds,
“whereas a couple of years ago I found it annoying – it always seemed
to spoil my concentration.” When he has some free time, he goes
to the cinema, or out with friends. “If something’s bothering me,
I often find that just talking to them about it helps. Particularly if you
can make a joke about it, because it always seems a lot less serious
when you do that.” If he’s on his own, he has a special way of dealing
with stress, “I try to relive occasions when I was really relaxed, such
as spending the day by a beautiful lake in the sunshine. That often
works,” he says.
3. For sixteen-year-old Lewis Taylor, life is particularly busy right
now. He’s revising for some important exams but he still manages to
find time for his favourite free-time activities, which include longdistance running. “It’s fun,” he says, “I only took to it recently when
I found it helped me wind down, because at school I never looked
forward to those cross-country runs we had to do every Monday
morning. Yet nowadays I run a lot at weekends, and I do some voluntary work with local kids at the sports centre.” As well as doing
plenty of exercise, he also tries to maintain a healthy diet. “I’ve told
myself I must always eat a variety of healthy food, with lots of fruit
and green vegetables, though if I’m out with my mates, I may give
in to temptation and have a burger and chips. I never drink coffee,
though, because it makes you talk and act nervously, and it keeps you
awake at night, too, which is bad for your stress level.”
4. School student Christine Stegall knows she has to improve her
marks in her main subjects. She’s trying hard, but it’s not easy and
sometimes she feels she’s doing too much work. “I have to get away
from it now and then,” she says, “so recently I’ve joined a local youth
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theatre group. It really helps because it takes my mind off everything,
it’s a kind of escape from reality. Also I’m meeting other people of my
own age and I’m hoping to make some friends there. Apart from that
I suppose there’s TV, but there’s not a lot on. I’ve read that laughing
can be very relaxing, but I’m afraid none of the comedy series they’re
showing right now is worth watching. Something I’ve been meaning
to try, though, is work helping others, perhaps old people. A friend
of mine does it, and she says it really makes a difference – both to
them and to her.”
Which person …
A. is disappointed they can’t see a particular kind of entertainment?
B. believes in putting off certain tasks?
C. likes to think back to times when they felt less stressed?
D. regularly does a job without getting paid?
E. goes to bed quite early nowadays?
F. prefers to do unpleasant jobs as soon as possible?
III. Прочитайте тексты 1–5. Укажите номера текстов, в которых можно найти ответы на вопросы A–G.
It is estimated that you share your birthday with about 18 million
other people around the world. Here are some interesting birthday
traditions from around the world.
1. There are plenty of unique birthday traditions in Russia. Be-
sides blowing out the candles on your favourite cake to make your
wish come true, it is common to have your ears pulled by the number
of the completed years to ensure that you will grow taller. It is a longstanding Russian tradition not to celebrate birthdays before their date,
as this is considered bad luck. Gifts can be given not only by friends
and relatives, but also by classmates and teachers. By the way, there is
no ‘Happy birthday to you’ song on Russian birthdays as such.
2. In Mexico, there are two celebrations you have for your birth-
day. The first one is for your name or saint’s day which on this day
you attend church. A priest blesses you. Then you go home to have
a party that includes mostly relatives and close family friends. The
saint’s day party is much quieter and more formal. Children invite
lots of friends to their parties, which always includes a pinata. This is
a decorated bag or jug shaped like an animal. It’s filled with candles,
toys, and coins.
3. In Norway, when it is someone’s birthday, the country’s flag
is displayed outside their house. The Norwegians have got their own
birthday song which is accompanied by a special birthday dance. For
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birthday celebrations at school, Norwegian children are usually asked
to dance with a friend in front of the class, whilst the other students
sing the birthday song. A common game at birthday parties is ‘fishing
for ice cream’: guests are asked to fish for frozen gifts, which are attached to pieces of string.
4. In Jamaica, birthday celebrations can be very messy. This is be-
cause in Jamaica there is a tradition which involves throwing flour at
the person whose birthday it is, regardless of their age. As the weather
in Jamaica is often very hot and humid, this can also make the flour
very sticky. The tradition first emerged as a harmless joke played by a
school boy. However, the custom quickly became popular throughout
Jamaica and loved ones can spend days planning how best to surprise
the birthday boy or girl.
5. Although in China a birthday cake does feature as part of the
celebration, the most significant food on that day is noodles. A bowl
of noodles is served as a symbol of long life; the tradition states that
the more you eat, the longer you will live. Another important tradition
which surrounds Chinese birthdays occurs on the second birthday.
During this celebration, objects are placed around the child and left
for them to grab. The items chosen are then supposed to give some
indication as to the child’s future. For example, if a child chooses a
doll, then they will have many children, or if they pick up money,
then they will be wealthy in the future
Which text mentions …
A. a party game which involves predictions?
B. an action which is supposed to affect someone’s height?
C. that a sense of national pride is expressed on birthdays?
D. that birthday celebrations are mainly shared with relatives?
E. a custom which started with one incident and then was quickly
adopted by other people?
F. the birthday boy or girl needs to choose a partner?
IV. Прочитайте тексты 1–5. Укажите номера текстов, в которых можно найти ответы на вопросы A–G.
1. Julian and Kelly Lynch have spent all their lives in the hotel and
catering industry. They have made one major sacrifice, however, as by
moving into a restaurant they have a considerable drop in income for
a better quality of life. Julian and Kelly used to manage a hotel, which
provided financial security but never-ending work. Moving to the restaurant has meant working seven days a week in the high season, but
they can make time for themselves by shutting in the afternoon. And
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by closing down entirely during the off season, they get a clear two
months off. But they found it hard to combine being in the restaurant trade with bringing up the family. In spite of this they kept on
and their children, now 16 and 19, look back and say that they never
realised that there was any other life.
2. Brian Waters has dreamt of his own restaurant since he was in
his early twenties. But he didn’t make his move until he was over 40.
The property that he and his wife, Meg, have bought is a restaurant
with rooms for guests, which is down a quiet lane on the wooden
slopes of a beautiful valley. “People will come and find you if you
are good enough. That was the challenge.” Brian said that the only
unpredicted difficulty was the attitude of some of the customers. “It
was hard to get used to being treated like servants.” For Meg, the
most demanding part was the physical work. She also had the difficulty of taking over someone else’s staff and someone else’s menus.
She gradually changed the menus, and she has a little more time off
now that the business is established.
3. It’s a similar story for Nicole Oliver and her husband Stuart.
“I’m on my feet for such long hours. You have to be incredibly strong
to do this job.” Nicole’s first experience of cooking in a restaurant was
when the chef walked out three days after it was opened. Gradually,
her confidence has built up. For Nicole and Stuart, the hard work has
been worthwhile by a special award for excellent food. “If you have
a place like this, the customers want to see you there every time they
come in. You are an actor and they’ve bought your performance with
the price of dinner.” Clearly proud of their achievement, the Olivers
admit there have been sacrifices. They have no social life and no children. If they did start a family, the restaurant would have to go.
4. Leila and Mason Britt found this to be true. When their res-
taurant opened for business they had two small children. “When they
were very small, we could manage by putting them to bed early but
later there was a real conflict of interests. At weekends we would sit
them down in front of the videos. I ended up feeling that it was Mason and the restaurant against me and the children.” When Mason
caught the flu, they made their decision. The family had to come first.
“One day we may have another adventure in the restaurant trade, but
for the time being putting up the ‘closed’ sign has been a great relief.”
5. Perhaps Ashley and Geoff Matis have the most perfect arrange-
ment. Ever since they met at school in their teens they had dreamt of
having a restaurant. While other teenagers went out to clubs Ashley
and Geoff saved up to go to restaurants. When they saw a little restau-
309
rant for sale outside Glasgow, they couldn’t resist. Now the restaurant,
which holds 15 people, is their whole life. It is well known for its food
and appears in the best guide books, so people are prepared to travel
long distance to eat there.
Which statement refers to which couple?
A. They may have another attempt at running a restaurant.
B. They had children who accepted what their parents did.
C. They paid to eat good food even as students.
D. They did not originaly plan to do the cooking themselves.
E. People can also stay overnight at their restaurant.
F. They did not benefit financially from opening the restaurant.
G. They consider that interaction with the customers is essential.
Основная цель просмотрового чтения не найти конкретную
информацию, а получить общее представление о содержании
текста, определить его главную мысль. Для проверки умений
просмотрового чтения используют текст, в котором пропущено
несколько предложений. Необходимо заполнить пропуски одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов, при этом один
или два фрагмента будут лишними. Такое задание проверяет
умение установить причинно-следственные связи и воссоздать
логическую целостность связного текста.
При выполнении данного задания можно руководствоваться
следующими рекомендациями:
1. Прочитайте весь текст, не обращая внимания на пропуски.
Определите главную мысль каждого абзаца (отрывка).
2. Изучите предложения для вставки.
3. Проанализируйте предложения, стоящие непосредственно
до и после пропуска.
4. Обратите внимание на подсказки, которые соединяют
текст с пропущенным фрагментом:
− время и число глагола;
− одинаковые слова либо слова, входящие в одну темати-
ческую группу;
− местоимения, заменяющие ранее упомянутое существительное (it, this, that, they, his, her, their, one, who, which
и т.п.);
− слова-связки и союзные слова (also, do, so, then, instead,
even though, however и др.).
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