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Файл:Английский язык без репетитора секреты успешной подготовки к тестированию
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The T-shirts were originally worn by US sailors as underwear beneath their uniforms in the 19th (4) ……… . The idea for the T-shirt
as general-use casual clothing (5) ……… born in the theatre in the late
1940s. A young actor called Marlon Brando used to wear a white Tshirt and a pair of blue jeans at rehearsals for some play. The director
was (6) ……… impressed by the look that was created that he asked
Brando to wear the shirt in the play itself. (7) ……… was the first time
the T-shirt was seen publicly as anything but an item of underwear.
T-shirts became even (8) ……… popular with the public (9) ………
Brando sported the garment in the movie A Street Car Named Desire
in 1951. A short leather jacket completed the look that was adopted
(10) ……… teenage rebels in many countries for decades afterwards.
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Исключение лишнего слова – не самое простое задание на
тестировании. Для успешного выполнения этого задания вам
нужно изучить структуру английского предложения, знать особенности употребления местоимений, союзов, наречий, предлогов, числительных, а также помнить правила образования видовременных форм глаголов и степеней сравнения прилагательных
и наречий. Постарайтесь запомнить, какие слова чаще всего являются лишними в предложениях, тогда на тестировании вы будете знать, что искать и на какие слова обращать особое внимание. Примерный перечень наиболее часто проверяемых лишних
слов вы найдете в следующей таблице.
Местоимения
Повторяющееся подлежащее или дополнение:
is a bookseller.
is my uncle.
is a cool drink.
contributes to personal development.
.
many travellers.
личные
– My aunt SHE
– The man who’s just come in HE
– What I need at the moment IT
– Reading books IT
– All the presents I gave her she sold THEM
– Italy is a favourite destination for THEM
it / there
возвратные
382
– A girl whose name IT
– Music which most teenagers prefer IT
– There IT
– Many students’ essays THERE
– Friday is the day when you can go out THERE
about anything.
– She wants to relax HERSELF
– When you look good, you usually feel YOURSELF
– After breakfast he took a shower and shaved HIMSELF in a hurry.
– Why do the clients get THEMSELVES lost while trying to find
the exit?
– Margery apologized HERSELF
seems to be something wrong with the alarm system.
was Sarah sat next to me.
is hip-hop.
were filled with silly mistakes.
without worrying
for a couple of weeks.
good too.
for arriving an hour late.
many /
much
both
отрица-
тельные
относи-
тельные
Местоимения
– He doesn’t care what MUCH
– You are always too MUCH
– There are many OF
Сравните:
– Many of you will be going on to university.
– Many of the world’s best desserts come from Italy.
– A market can BOTH
– Social networks allow us to connect with people BOTH
own age.
– Silk makes your body cool BOTH
– I can’t stand it NO
– There was no ANY
– The Science Museum is NEITHER
while they play.
– Molly WHO
– I saw two masked men WHO
– They are not satisfied with the shops WHICH
– I’ve bought a book WHICH
– The problems WHAT
– He complains about everything WHAT
– I know WHAT
– No matter what THAT
– I’d like to know THAT
was.
women in business.
give you a good picture of what Vietnam is.
any longer.
escape from the trap.
has been a teacher for five and a half years.
they’re going to get THEIR married.
people think of him.
nervous before the exam.
in summer and warm in winter.
a place where kids can learn
running towards me.
in their area.
called ‘Crying in the night’.
we see in society are really worrying.
I do.
you say about her, I still like her.
what the longest match in tennis history
of our
so / such
very
enough
Наречия
– Some people find it SUCH
– They stayed with us for a SO
– Libraries are not SUCH
– I VERY
– Some moisturisers can VERY
– Paris attracts VERY
– Economic inequality is high in VERY
world.
– Make VERY
ling to.
– It was ENOUGH
– She hadn’t bought enough OF
Сравните:
– We have heard enough of your complaints for now.
like it. (правильно: I like it very much.)
sure you know the rules of the country you’re travel-
foolish of me to trust her.
difficult to arrive at work on time.
short time.
as popular as they used to be.
soften the skin if applied regularly.
lots of visitors every year.
poorer countries of the
food for the party.
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Сравнение прилагательных и наречий
степени
сравнения
сравни-
тельные
конструк-
ции
– You have to pay extra AS
– I brought a book with me so AS
– We are aware SO
– People are so THAT
– Social media allows teens HOW
– In Japan WHERE
– His Instagram shows what IF
– Don’t go back to work until you are NOT
– They decided to get married despite OF
– They caught the thief because OF
– I’ve put aside some money in order FOR
– He sent TO
– I wrote TO
– Why didn’t you answer TO
– I’ll be expecting FOR
– I sat opposite TO
– I’ve told you a hundred OF
– We’ve got a cat and two OF
– Megan lives quite near me, only half OF
a / an
the
– The sun today is MORE
– She sings much MORE
– The Antarctic blue whale is the MOST largest animal on the planet.
– As time went by, I got THE
– Sunlight takes over THAN
– Google Maps are more popular RATHER than other navigation apps.
– The explosion would be AS bigger than 1,000 atomic bombs.
– Talking to him was AS
– How would you feel if you got the same AS
– At the party there was another girl who had a SAME dress like mine.
– My daughter is not very much like TO me and that is fine.
to hire the equipment.
that we need to cut down on junk food.
addicted to their phones that they depend on them.
teachers give schoolchildren a lot of homework.
it’s like to be a teenager in Hollywood.
me lots of really loving messages.
him a letter to explain the reasons of my behaviour.
my call last night? I called TO you twice at 12 a.m.
you at about half past nine.
him during the meal.
Числительные
times to pay attention to what I say.
dogs living in our house in harmony.
– You’ll get into A
– If I get a better job I’m going to buy A
– He was fired from the job for causing A
– THE
most people I know don’t drink any alcohol.
– The lift is out of THE
– Her favourite subjects at THE
trouble if you aren’t more careful!
stronger than yesterday.
better than I do.
like talking to a brick wall.
Союзы
that I would have something to pass the time.
to communicate with others.
he came back the next day.
Предлоги
Артикли
order.
Продолжение
more and more nervous.
8 minutes to reach the Earth.
gift every year?
better.
the huge differences in their ages.
to save for my old age.
a kilometre away.
new furniture for the flat.
damage to equipment.
school are geography and art.
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Видовременные формы глагола
Неуместное употребление вспомогательного глагола:
– Most people ARE
– There must be plenty of people ARE
– He HAS
– If I WILL
– If I’d studied harder at school I’d have HAD
– We have BEEN
– Have you ever BEEN
Ошибочное употребление частицы to перед инфинитивом:
– I can’t TO
– My parents won’t let me TO
– You should say ‘bless you’ when you hear someone TO
– I’d rather TO
spent his childhood in the countryside.
agree with me on this issue.
in need of medical help.
see her tonight, I will give her your message.
a better job today.
made great progress in our research.
wondered what happened to him?
Инфинитив
understand this yet but I hope I will be able to before long.
go to the nightclub.
sneeze.
read a good book.
Глаголы
point out.
more
like
say / tell /
ask
– There is one more thing that I would LIKE
– Just 20 minutes outdoors is enough to make you feel LIKE
alive.
– He said ME
– Ask TO
– Tell the kids THAT
that he was busy.
me no questions and I’ll tell TO you no lies.
not to answer the door to strangers.
В централизованном тестировании задание на нахождение
лишних слов представляет собой текст, поделенный на строки.
В каждой строке нужно найти ОДНО лишнее слово.
Алгоритм выполнения задания на нахождение лишнего слова:
1. Прочитайте весь текст, чтобы понять его основное содержание. Иногда уже при первом прочтении видно, что в том или
ином месте явно что-то не так.
2. Обратите внимание, что одно предложение может быть разбито на несколько строк. Сначала внимательно перечитайте предложение целиком, и только после этого читайте строку и пробуйте
найти там типичные лишние слова (см. таблицу).
3. Если не получается сразу найти лишнее слово, разберите
каждое предложение по составу (подлежащее, сказуемое, дополнение, обстоятельство), особенно проверьте наличие придаточно-
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го предложения, у которого должно быть свое собственное подлежащее и полноценное сказуемое.
4. Попробуйте перевести каждое слово в предложении, а затем
и в строке, на русский язык. Дословный перевод наверняка поможет найти ненужное слово.
5. Действуйте методом исключения – делите предложения на
небольшие фрагменты и исключайте те, в правильности которых
вы уверены. Помните, что в каждой строке только одно лишнее
слово!
6. Прочитайте каждое предложение (не строку!) целиком, без
лишних слов. Убедитесь, что слова, которые вы вычеркнули, действительно являются лишними, и что без них предложение правильное и лексически, и грамматически.
7. Из каждой строки выпишите ОДНО лишнее слово. Каждую
букву пишите в отдельной клеточке. Слова нужно написать ЗАГЛАВНЫМИ буквами в соответствии с предложенным образцом
написания букв английского алфавита.
В тренировочных заданиях данного раздела я предлагаю вам
найти в каждом тексте по 10 лишних слов.
Текст 1
Garlic is one of the most healthiest foods on earth with many
of health properties: antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial properties,
which really help fight the common cold. Cultivation of garlic started
about 4,000 years ago, making it one of the oldest herbs which cultivated by humans. These days, over than 300 varieties of garlic are
grown worldwide.
Garlic is a staple in the most kitchens. It can be used raw, pickled
or such as an ingredient of various dishes, salads, sauces, and marinades. There’s no such thing as too much garlic in a dish I would like
say! By the way, do you know that both drinking lemon juice or eating
a few slices of lemon it will stop bad garlic breath? Garlic must to be
stored unpeeled in dark, cool, dry place, away from other foods.
Анализ текста 1
Garlic is one of the most healthiest foods on earth with many of health
properties: antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial properties, which really
help fight the common cold.
1. MOST
Превосходная степень прилагательного healthy образована
при помощи суффикса –est. Одновременное использование most
и –est невозможно.
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2. OF
Предлог of может употребляться после many (а также much,
most, few, little, some, any, none) только при наличии артикля the,
притяжательного или указательного местоимения, либо личного
местоимения в объектном падеже. Например: many of the / its /
these health properties.
Cultivation of garlic started about 4,000 years ago, making it one of
the oldest herbs which cultivated by humans.
3. WHICH
Неполноценное придаточное предложение, в котором не
хватает вспомогательного глагола are для образования сказуемого в страдательном залоге – herbs which are cultivated by humans.
Убираем which и получаем причастие II – «травы, культивируемые людьми».
These days, over than 300 varieties of garlic are grown worldwide.
4. THAN
Предлог over «свыше, больше» равен по значению more than
и не употребляется в сочетании с than.
Garlic is a staple in the most kitchens.
5. THE
Местоимение most в значении «большинство» употребляется
без артикля.
It can be used raw, pickled or such as an ingredient of various dishes,
salads, sauces, and marinades.
6. SUCH
Such в сочетании с as означает «такой, как» и в данном предложении его употребление неуместно. Словосочетание or as an
ingredient имеет значение «или в качестве ингредиента».
There’s no such thing as too much garlic in a dish I would like say!
7. LIKE
Выражение «я бы хотел сказать» – I would like to say. Т.к.
в данном предложении отсутствует частица to, убираем like и получаем I would say «я бы сказал».
By the way, do you know that both drinking lemon juice or eating
a few slices of lemon it will stop bad garlic breath?
8. BOTH
Местоимение both может употребляться в сочетании с союзом and (both … and «как … так и»), и не сочетается с союзом or,
поэтому в данном предложении является лишним.
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9. IT
Местоимение it дублирует уже имеющееся подлежащее drink-
ing lemon juice or eating a few slices of lemon.
Garlic must to be stored unpeeled in dark, cool, dry place, away from
other foods.
10. TO
Частица to не употребляется после модального глагола must (а
также после can, could, may, might, should)
Текст 2
I’ve been in London for about a month now. It feels like much
more longer. To be honest, I didn’t like it much when I first arrived.
It was such cold and wet, after California! But I’ve changed my mind
since then. I think London is enough fascinating. I very miss my
friends, but since I left myself we’ve been chatting online a lot of. To
tell the truth, I’ve already made some friends here. And the weather.
It feels like if I haven’t seen the sun for weeks! I also miss the beach –
I haven’t been near a surfboard for ages!
What about school? Things like Maths and Science are pretty
much the same, but I have not problems with French. I’ve only been
studied it for about a year so that everybody’s much better than me.
I make loads of mistakes. And I need to do more work on my British
history!
Анализ текста 2
It feels like much more longer.
1. MORE
Односложное прилагательное long образует сравнительную
степень при помощи суффикса –er. Одновременное использование more и –er невозможно.
It was such cold and wet, after California!
2. SUCH
Частица such не употребляется для усиления прилагательного
или наречия. В таких случаях употребляется частица so. Сравните: It was so cold. It was such cold weather.
I think London is enough fascinating.
3. ENOUGH
В отличие от русского языка, наречие enough «достаточно» не
может стоять перед прилагательным или наречием и может употребляться только после прилагательного или наречия, но перед
существительным. Например: London is fascinating enough. I have
enough money.
388
I very miss my friends, but since I left myself we’ve been chatting
online a lot of.
4. VERY
Наречие very служит для усиления прилагательных и наречий, а не глаголов, и поэтому в данном предложении неуместно.
Можно было бы сказать I miss my friends very much.
5. MYSELF
Местоимение myself имеет значение «сам себя» и не сочетается с глаголом left по смыслу.
6. OF
Местоимение a lot может сочетаться с предлогом of только
при наличии дополнения. Например: a lot of time.
It feels like if I haven’t seen the sun for weeks!
7. IF
В придаточном дополнительном предложении употребление
if является неуместным. It feels like I haven’t … «Такое ощущение,
что я не …».
… but I have not problems with French.
8. NOT
Глагол have «иметь» для образования отрицания должен сочетаться с вспомогательным глаголом либо с местоимением no.
Сравните: I do not have problems. I have no problems.
I’ve only been studied it for about a year so that everybody’s much
better than me.
9. BEEN
Have been studied – это форма страдательного залога. Убираем
been и получаем действительный залог I’ve studied «Я изучал».
10. THAT
Союз so that «чтобы» вводит придаточное предложение цели
и является неуместным в данном контексте. Союз that имеет значение «который» и тоже не подходит. По смыслу подходит союз
so «поэтому», следовательно, лишним словом будет that.
1. Прочитайте текст. Найдите в нем 10 лишних слов.
According to a recent study, using a cell phone while is driving
leads to over than 1.6 million car accidents every year. Out of those
crashes, several end up causing serious injury and even death. So that,
we can definitely understand why such many people are getting upset
about motorists using their phones while they driving.
389
And maybe it is no time for Instagram, Facebook and the like to
start banning itself photos and videos that depict the use of cell phones
while behind the wheel. Distracted driving causes a thousands of
deaths each of year and it’s certainly not being something that should
be praised or encouraged.
2. Прочитайте текст. Найдите в нем 10 лишних слов.
Ed Sheeran who knows a thing or two about late nights and working hard how to create his dream career. The journey started out with
his was playing in London nightclubs and crashing on friends’ couches
because he couldn’t afford himself to pay any rent. His first dream
such as a teenager was to make enough money from music to pay the
rent and sell 100 CDs.
He never gave up. He put his talent on the line every night, when
others faded and failed. Ed’s drive and dedication soon helped him
fund his own records. On top of that he signed a publishing deal which
has gave him his first mega-hit. Thanks to his strategic planning and an
extremely hard work, he has managed to become one of the most richest celebrities in the world, with a net worth of $57 million of dollars.
All before he was 25 years.
3. Прочитайте текст. Найдите в нем 10 лишних слов.
Recent research shows what many of us survive on so-called ‘junk
sleep’ – the kind when we wake ourselves up frequently throughout
the night. This could make a person to feel cold because their body
is tired. Junk sleep can be caused by many stress or by over-stimulating the brain too close to bedtime. For example, by using tablets
and smartphones which they emit blue light and trick your body into
thinking it’s daytime when you need to wind down.
To avoid junk sleep and feel more warmer, you need to develop
good sleep hygiene – which means going to the bed at a set time, banning screens for such an hour beforehand and developing a wind-down
routine that prepares your body for sleep, such as a warm bath, which
followed by a milky drink and half-an-hour reading something like
easy-going.
4. Прочитайте текст. Найдите в нем 10 лишних слов.
I was having a wonderful dream when the alarm clock went it off.
7.00. “Another more five minutes,” I told to myself and fell back to
sleep. I woke me up suddenly, being aware that I had slept for more
over than five minutes. A look at the alarm clock confirmed my whole
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