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listening to music. Teenagers suffering from exam stress may show a
(5) …………………. (vary) of symptoms, including (6) ………………….
(lose) of appetite, being (7) …………………. (able) to sleep and a lack of
motivation to study. Even though teens are seeking (8) ………………….
(independent), parental involvement is an important ingredient for
academic success. Parents can play a vital role in helping teens (9)
…………………. (success) in school by lending a little support and guidance and being as (10) …………………. (encourage) as possible.
19. Прочитайте текст. От приведенных в скобках слов образуйте однокоренные слова таким образом, чтобы они грамматически
и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.
In recent years, people’s (1) …………………. (aware) of the dangers of smoking has (2) …………………. (consider) increased. Though
experts all agree that smoking is unhealthy and that it costs the state
a lot to treat victims of smoking, it is also (3) …………………. (deny)
that many people get (4) …………………. (please) from the habit and
find smoking (5) …………………. (resist) when they are in company.
Since anti-smoking advertising has proved (6) …………………. (ef-
fect) with many smokers, many governments decided to take the unpopular decision to ban smoking in public places. (7) ………………….
(Offend) must pay a fine for breaking the law and may feel new rules
are unjust, but for passive smokers who find a room full of smoke (8)
…………………. (bear) that will certainly come as a (9) ………………….
(breathe) of fresh air. When a non-smoking policy is first introduced,
motivation to stop smoking is greater and many smokers are eager to
give up smoking all together. Yet, this relates only to the first year of
the ban. So the government campaigns need to be a little more (10)
…………………. (persuade).
20. Прочитайте текст. От приведенных в скобках слов образуйте однокоренные слова таким образом, чтобы они грамматически и
лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.
There’s one simple way to cut the odds of getting sick – and it
works for the flu, a cold, e-coli, norovirus, rotavirus and even coronavirus. What is this magical (1) …………………. (solve)? Hand-washing.
That our hands are crawling with germs is old, old news. Adults
have (2) …………………. (threat) children with the dangers of (3)
…………………. (wash) hands for generations. Hand-washing is an easy
and effective way to slow the spread of (4) …………………. (ill) from
one person to another.
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Alcohol-based hand sanitizers demonstrate the same (5)
…………………. (efficient) as ordinary soap and water. Some people
think antibacterial soap is better, but using it all the time can backfire. Research has shown that constant use of antibacterial soaps and
sanitizers can lead to (6) …………………. (desire) effects, as it can encourage drug-resistant bacteria to develop. This (7) ………………….
(discover) has come as a surprise, (8) …………………. (especial) to those
who believe that bacteria have to be fought with every means known
to man.
Experts recommend that people wash their hands for a full 20 seconds to clean off bacteria. They suggest tracking the time by singing.
You can find plenty of song (9) …………………. (recommend) with a
20-second chorus on social media. Most users recommend “Happy
Birthday” or the alphabet song for children, but any song will (10)
…………………. (certain) do.
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Задание на заполнение пропусков подходящими по смыслу
словами представляет собой небольшой текст с пропущенными
словами без вариантов ответа. В каждый пропуск нужно вставить только одно слово. Этим словом может быть что угодно:
вспомогательный или смысловой глагол, наречие, союз, предлог, одна из степеней сравнения прилагательного или наречия.
Но больше всего в этом задании проверяются местоимения! Нередко пропуск является частью устойчивого выражения, вопросительным словом или союзной конструкцией. Примерный перечень наиболее часто проверяемых слов и словосочетаний вы
найдете в следующей таблице.
IT – THERE
(на месте
подлежащего)
сравнение
с THAN
IT is so hard to lose weight.
IT is said that … / IT is known that …
IT seems that …
IT / THIS / THAT is a good way to
improve co-ordination.
When IT comes to the exam I feel
quite relaxed.
make IT possible, make IT clear,
find IT difficult
THERE are a few jobs available in
industries.
THERE is always room for improvement in art.
THERE was less crime in those days.
During their trip THERE was a terrible storm.
THERE is nowhere to escape.
THERE was a time when all people
spoke one language.
The world is getting MORE and more crowded.
What’s even MORE surprising is that…
People are becoming much MORE interested in…
Bicycles are far LESS expensive.
For more THAN a century…
It’s four times bigger THAN our old house.
Grandparents spend far more time with their grandchildren
THAN their own parents.
it is no good
it is no wonder
it is out of the question
it’s a pity
it is (not) worth
it is easy / necessary
it was good of you to…
there is no excuse
there is no doubt
there is no limit
there is no need
there is no point in
there is no reason
there is no way
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сравнение
с THAN
SO / SUCH …
THAT …
SO THAT –
для того чтобы
SUCH AS =
LIKE –
например
LIKE –
как будто
AS – как, в
качестве
AS … AS
AS WELL (AS)
WHAT
Продолжение
It involves teams RATHER THAN individuals.
They WOULD rather spend time with their families THAN
stay late in the office.
You had BETTER eat fewer sweet things.
Her house is SO small that I changed my mind.
She had never had SUCH an interesting job before.
He wrote SUCH an enthusiastic letter that the boss…
Nannies look after the children SO that parents can go to
work.
The big cities SUCH as Milan, Rome and…
In a big family such AS AS mine…
such great composers AS as Beethoven and Bach
Some sports LIKE cycling or…
I look LIKE like an experienced runner.
The noises sound to us LIKE like whistles and squeaks.
I feel LIKE crying.
We would live LIKE cavemen.
They are treated LIKE royalty.
THERE is no place LIKE home.
serious swimmers just LIKE me
Have you ever heard anything LIKE this?
What’s the weather LIKE in London?
I work AS a tour guide.
This will come AS a surprise to you.
We should eat vegetables AS AS a part of a healthy diet.
AS as a result
in the same way AS / the same name AS
as many surfaces AS he could
The reception is good AS long as nothing moves in front of the
aerial.
As WELL as being young, they were naughty!
As SOON as we arrived …
As far AS we know…
Some plastics can be recycled as WELL.
You may find a solution to the problem as WELL.
the place for beginners as WELL as for experienced divers
WHAT is the weather like today?
WHAT does your house look like?
WHAT is this button for?
He asks WHAT my hobbies are. (какой)
I wasn’t sure WHAT to do. (что именно)
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WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY
WHOSE
FEW –
LITTLE
ONE
OTHER
It is clear WHAT most teens prefer.
We know much about WHAT is happening in the world.
Individuality is WHAT makes them special. (то что)
Money is WHAT keeps economy functioning.
You don’t have WHAT is needed.
WHAT he means is that … // WHAT is true is that…
WHAT is more, …
a place WHERE people come to work
the only country in the world WHERE people …
That’s WHERE the name ‘goosey’ comes from.
He learnt HOW to make clothes. (как)
If you know HOW to make sense of the signs.
They saw HOW well he drew.
You know HOW envious I’ve been about… (насколько)
People may exaggerate HOW hard things used to be.
I’ll show you HOW much (money) online stores charge.
Be aware of HOW much you disturb others.
WHY do people keep trying?
Explain WHY you think you are…
That’s WHY security is very strict there.
pupils WHOSE parents were…
people WHOSE job I would like to have …
cooking for a family WHOSE members are …
Before TV was invented, very FEW people got the chance
to see …
a FEW years ago…
only a FEW are more famous than …
More people on public transport means FEWER cars on the
road.
anyone with a LITTLE money …
You may be a LITTLE bit nervous.
ONE of the reasons for it is that they…
ONE of the most interesting cities
Mercedes is ONE of the world’s best known brands.
Versace was one of the MOST successful fashion designers.
It has a larger vocabulary than any OTHER language.
Some things are better and SOME / OTHER things are worse.
contact with each OTHER
communicate with ONE another
They can easily switch from ONE language to another.
in one form or ANOTHER
on the other HAND
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BOTH … AND
EITHER –
NEITHER
NOT ONLY …
BUT ALSO
(AS WELL)
NO – NOT –
NOT ANY
ВСПОМОГАТЕЛЬНЫЕ
ГЛАГОЛЫ
DO
MAKE
Продолжение
a city where BOTH the modern and the historical can be…
exercise so popular with BOTH the young and the old
NEITHER of my parents wants to go abroad.
NEITHER wife nor family will ever separate Jim and his music.
Graffiti is something you either love OR hate.
Honey is valued not only as a foodstuff but ALSO as a medicine.
Littering doesn’t only make a place ugly, but it ALSO endangers wildlife.
Not ONLY will he surprise you, but you may find a friend as
WELL.
I had NO experience of travel.
I had absolutely NO idea…
He has NO regrets about it at all.
there are NOT many people
It is NOT all glamour and riches.
We are NOT going to reach our destination any quicker.
It is NO longer the trade centre.
I’m not a child ANY more.
You ARE completely wrong about it.
Two million bicycles ARE bought each year.
Scientists WERE looking into…
He WAS born in Milan.
They WERE offered a higher salary.
The art of bee-keeping WAS known …
The animals must BE well fed.
Teenagers used to BE criticised for…
Exercise is also often thought to BE an easy way of…
News HAS just come in that…
people DO their best
DO smb a favour
DO research / DO revision
DO stupid things
do the SIGHTS
This is easier said than DONE.
He MAKES me __feel happy. (заставлять)
I would like to MAKE some new friends.
Technology MAKES our lives easier and happier. (делать
что-то каким-то)
People should MAKE up their minds. (принять решение)
I made up my MIND.
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MAKE
TAKE
COME
ГЛАГОЛЫ
время, возраст
MAKE sure you go to…
That doesn’t MAKE any difference to me.
I will MAKE an effort to find…
MAKE discoveries
MAKE plans for
MAKE an agreement
He agreed to TAKE part in …
Our first meeting took PLACE in a restaurant.
TAKE up a hobby
The flight will TAKE off…
It TAKES me an hour to get there.
TAKE care of your teeth
TAKE notice
TAKE pride in
TAKE smb by surprise
TAKE photos
COME to an agreement
COME to an end
COME across
COME as a surprise
I am looking FORWARD to starting work.
It GOES without saying…
GIVE up smoking
TURN up for a meal
TURN upside down
PUT ideas into practice
PUT up with smth
LET me know
LET smb down
pay more ATTENTION to
He is seven years OLD.
She asked me HOW old I was.
I’m not old ENOUGH to do it.
at the AGE of 37
five thousand years AGO
EVERY two or three years
several TIMES (раз)
to work part-TIME
get to the airport on TIME
at the SAME TIME
It is two hours before departure TIME.
two HOURS prior to the departure
swim for half an HOUR or so
SINCE the nineteenth CENTURY
THESE days
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WAY
OWN
возвратные
местоимения
MATTER
разное
Продолжение
on their WAY home
the WAY we live
an easy way of LOSING weight
by the WAY (кстати)
They were quite used to being on their OWN.
earn some money of my OWN
look at YOURSELF in the mirror
I consider MYSELF to be…
chance of ENJOYING ourselves all together
It doesn’t MATTER whether you’re just a beginner.
No MATTER where they come from.
as a MATTER of fact
in ORDER to get a good result
ACCORDING to the latest statistics
WHETHER … or …
There was no DOUBT that …
English-SPEAKING tourists
generally SPEAKING
lucky ENOUGH to find a job
it is WORTH visiting
it was no USE trying
BECAUSE of the high costs
of COURSE
the so-CALLED
a WELL-known fact
how someone ELSE thinks
a LOT / BIT of
ALL over the world
ALL day long
my WHOLE life
human BEINGS (люди)
at LEAST (по крайней мере) / at LAST (наконец)
Алгоритм выполнения задания на вставку пропущенного слова:
1. Прочитайте текст, не обращая внимания на пропущенные
слова, чтобы понять его основное содержание.
2. Внимательно прочитайте каждое предложение целиком, а
не только слова, стоящие до и после пропуска, т.к. там могут
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быть ‘подсказки’, которые помогут догадаться, какое именно
слово пропущено. Попробуйте понять, какое именно слово пропущено при помощи перевода предложения на русский язык.
3. Проанализируйте структуру предложения, чтобы опреде-
лить, какая часть речи либо какой член предложения пропущен:
• На месте пропущенного подлежащего, как правило, стоят
местоимения IT, THERE, WHAT, ONE.
• Если пропущено сказуемое или его часть, определите его
время (видо-временную форму), подберите соответствующий вспомогательный глагол либо смысловой глагол.
Смысловые глаголы встречаются не очень часто, но они
обычно очень простые – DO, MAKE, TAKE, COME, GO,
GIVE, GET, PUT, TAKE – и почти всегда являются частью
какого-либо устойчивого выражения.
• Первым пропущенным словом в предложении может быть
вопросительное слово WHO, WHAT, WHICH, HOW, WHEN,
WHERE, WHY, WHOSE. Эти же слова могут являться сою-
зами, соединяющими главное и придаточное предложение.
• На месте определения обычно пропускается местоиме-
ние SOME, OTHER, NO, FEW, LITTLE, OWN, SAME,
WORTH, либо часть сравнительной конструкции MORE,
LESS, MOST, THAN, AS … AS.
• На месте дополнения нередко можно увидеть местоимения
MYSELF, YOURSELVES, ME, EACH OTHER и т.п.
•
Часто проверяемыми наречиями являются SO, SUCH,
AS, LIKE, BOTH, ONLY, ALSO, AS WELL, ELSE,
ENOUGH.
• И, наконец, частицы NOT, TO, которые не являются членами предложения.
4. Если не удается заполнить пропуск с первой попытки,
переходите к следующему пропуску, затем вернитесь и проанализируйте этот фрагмент еще раз. Если сможете понять, какое
слово пропущено по-русски, то наверняка переведете его на английский и верно заполните пропуск.
5. Прочитайте предложение, а затем и весь текст снова, что-
бы убедиться, что вставленные слова подходят по смыслу, а также написаны правильно.
6. Для каждого пропуска впишите в бланк ответов только
ОДНО слово ЗАГЛАВНЫМИ буквами в соответствии с предложенным образцом написания букв английского алфавита.
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Важно! Иногда в заданиях на вставку слов встречаются два
возможных варианта ответа, например, at the same / very time, it /
this, if / whether, who / that, which / that, some / other, many / all, a lot
/ bit of. Помните, что вписать в бланк ответов вы можете только
одно слово, даже если возможны несколько вариантов. Любой
из двух подходящих вариантов будет засчитан как верный ответ.
Посмотрим на несколько примеров, похожих на задания из
тестов прошлых лет.
Текст 1
Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только од-
ним словом, подходящим по смыслу.
No (1) … what you may think and contrary to popular belief,
pasta is not an Italian invention, but a Chinese (2) … . To be more
specific, legend has it that pasta (3) … brought to Italy from China by
the famous explorer Marco Polo in the 13
th
(4) … .
Nowadays, pasta is the (5) … important food in Italy. In fact, it is
served (6) … a starter to every meal. Pasta is popular not only in Italy
(7) … also in other countries (8) … it is served with various sauces.
According to the International Pasta Organization, (9) … are more
(10) … 600 different shapes of pasta produced worldwide.
Анализ текста 1
1. MATTER
Ключевым моментом, определяющим выбор правильного
варианта заполнения пропуска, является знание союза no matter
what «не важно, что».
2. ONE
Заполняя пропуск 2, следует учесть, что во избежание повторения ранее упомянутого исчисляемого существительного
(invention) в качестве слова-заместителя употребляется местоимение one.
3. WAS
Порядок слов в данной части предложения свидетельствует
о том, что в задании 3 пропущена часть сказуемого, а наличие
предлога by после пропуска – о страдательном залоге этого сказуемого. Переводим фрагмент предложения с пропуском – «паста была привезена в Италию» – pasta was brought.
4. CENTURY
Продолжаем переводить предложение «паста была привезена
в Италию … в 13 веке» – in the 13
th
century.
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