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Файл:Английский язык без репетитора секреты успешной подготовки к тестированию
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CONFUSE
confusion
confusing
confused
CONNECT
(dis)connect(ed)
connection
CONSCIOUS
(un)consciously
consciousness
subconscious(ly)
CONSEQUENCE
consequent(ly)
CONSIDER
consideration
considerable
considerably
CONSTRUCT
construction
CONSUME
consumer
consumption
CONTAIN
container
containing
contents
CONTINUE
continuous
continuation
CONTRIBUTE
contribution
CONVENIENCE
inconvenience
(in)convenient(ly)
CONVERSE
conversation
CONVINCE
(un)convinced
(un)convincing(ly)
COOK
cooker
cookery
cooking
(un)cooked
CORRECT
(in)correct(ly)
correction
CORRESPOND
correspondent
correspondence
corresponding
COST
costly
COUNT
counter
countless
(un)countable
COURAGE
courageous(ly)
discourage
discouraging
discouraged
encourage
encouraging(ly)
encouraged
encouragement
COURTESY
courteous(ly)
COWARD
cowardly
cowardice
CREATE
creation
creator
creature
creativity
creative(ly)
CREDIT
incredible
incredibly
CRIME
criminal
CRITIC
criticism
(un)critical
criticise
CRUEL
cruelty
CURE
(in)curable
CURIOUS
curiosity
CURRENT
currently
currency
CYCLE
cyclist
DANGER
dangerous
endanger
endangered
DARK
darkness
darken
DAY
daily
DEAF
deafness
deafen
deafening
DECIDE
decision
undecided
(in)decisive(ly)
DEEP
depth
DEFEND
defender
defence
defensive
DEFINE
definition
(in)definite(ly)
DELIGHT
delightful
delighted
DELIVER
delivery
DENY
denial
undeniable
undeniably
DEPART
departure
DEPEND
(in)dependence
(in)dependent(ly)
DESCRIBE
description
DESIRE
(un)desirable
DESPAIR
desperate(ly)
DESTROY
destruction
destructive
destroyed
DETERMINE
determination
determined
DEVELOP
development
developing
(un)developed
DIE
dead
death
dying
deadly
DIFFER
difference
different(ly)
indifference
indifferent
differentiate
DIFFICULT
difficulty
DIRECT
direction
director
(in)direct(ly)
redirect
DISAPPOINT
disappointment
disappointed
disappointing
321
DISASTER
disastrous
DISCOVER
discovery
DISTANCE
distant(ly)
DIVIDE
division
DOUBT
doubtless
doubtful
undoubtedly
DRAMA
dramatist
dramatic
dramatise
EASE
easy
uneasy
unease
easily
ECOLOGY
ecologist
ecological(ly)
ECONOMY
economist
economics
economic
economical(ly)
economise
EDUCATE
education
educational
(un)educated
EFFECT
effectiveness
(in)effective(ly)
EFFICIENT
efficiency
(in)efficient(ly)
EFFORT
effortless(ly)
ELECT
election
ELECTRIC
electrical
electrician
electricity
EMBARRASS
embarrassment
embarrassing
embarrassed
EMOTION
emotional
EMPLOY
employer
employee
(un)employment
(un)employed
END
ending
unending
endless(ly)
ENERGY
energetic
ENGAGE
engaged
engagement
ENJOY
enjoyable
enjoyment
ENTER
entrance
ENTERTAIN
entertainment
entertaining
ENTHUSE
enthusiasm
enthusiast
enthusiastic(ally)
ENVIRONMENT
environmental(ly)
environmentalist
ENVY
envious(ly)
EQUAL
(in)equality
(un)equal(ly)
EQUIP
equipment
equipped
ESCAPE
inescapable
ESSENCE
(in)essential(ly)
EVIDENCE
evident(ly)
EXACT
exactly
EXCEL
excellent(ly)
excellence
EXCEPT
exception
exceptional(ly)
EXCITE
excitement
exciting
excited(ly)
EXHAUST
exhaustion
exhausting
exhausted
EXHIBIT
exhibition
EXIST
existing
existence
EXPECT
expectation
unexpected(ly)
EXPENSE
(in)expensive
EXPERIENCE
(in)experienced
EXPLAIN
explanation
EXPLODE
explosive
explosion
EXTREME
extremely
Продолжение
FACE
facial
FAIL
failure
FAIR
unfair(ly)
fairness
FAME
famous
infamous
FANTASY
fantastic(ally)
FASCINATE
fascination
fascinating
fascinated
FASHION
(un)fashionable
(un)fashionably
FAVOUR
favourite
(un)favourable
FEAR
fearful
fearless
FINAL
finalist
finally
FINANCE
financial(ly)
FIRM
firmly
firmness
FIT
fitness
unfit
FLUENCY
fluent(ly)
FLY
flight
FOOD
feed
FOOL
foolish
322
FOLLOW
follower
following
FOND
fondness
FOREIGN
foreigner
FORGET
forgetful
unforgettable
FORGIVE
forgiveness
FORMAL
(in)formal(ly)
FORTUNE
misfortune
(un)fortunate(ly)
FOUND
founder
foundation
FREE
freedom
freely
FREEZE
freezer
freezing
frozen
FREQUENCY
frequent(ly)
FRESH
refresh
refreshments
FRIEND
friendship
(un)friendly
friendliness
FRIGHT
frighten
frightening
frightened
FUN
funny
FURY
furious(ly)
GENEROSITY
generous(ly)
GLAMOUR
glamorous
GRATITUDE
ingratitude
(un)grateful(ly)
GROW
growth
growing
GUILT
guilty
HAND
handful
handle
handy
HAPPY
happiness
(un)happily
HARM
harmful(ly)
harmless
HATE
hatred
HEALTH
(un)healthy
HELP
(un)helpful(ly)
helpless(ly)
helplessness
HERO
heroine
heroic
HIGH
highly
height
HISTORY
historian
historic(al)
HOME
homeless
HONEST
(dis)honest(ly)
(dis)honesty
HOPE
hopeful(ly)
hopeless(ly)
hopelessness
HORROR
horrible
horrify
horrifying
horrified
HOSPITALITY
(in)hospitable
HOT
heat
HUMOUR
humorist
humorous
HUNGER
hungry
hungrily
ICE
icy
iced
icicle
IDENTIFY
identity
identification
identical(ly)
IGNORE
ignorance
ignorant
ILL
illness
IMAGE
imagine
imagination
imaginary
IMMEDIATE
immediately
immediacy
IMPORTANCE
(un)important(ly)
IMPRESS
impression
impressive
IMPROVE
improvement
IMPULSE
impulsive(ly)
INCREASE
increasing(ly)
increased
INDUSTRY
industrial
industrious
INFLUENCE
influential
INFORM
information
informative
misinform
INHABIT
inhabitant
(un)inhabited
INJURE
injury
injured
INNOCENT
innocence
INSPIRE
inspiration
inspiring
inspired
INSTANCE
instant(ly)
INTELLIGENCE
(un)intelligent(ly)
INTEND
intention
(un)intentional(ly)
INTEREST
(un)interesting(ly)
(un)interested
INTERPRET
interpreter
interpretation
INTRODUCE
introduction
introductory
323
INTRUDE
intruder
intrusion
INVENT
invention
inventor
INVITE
invitation
(un)invited
IRRITATE
irritation
irritating
irritated
JEALOUS
jealousy
JUST
unjust
(in)justice
justify
KIND
(un)kind(ly)
kindness
KNOW
(un)known
knowledge
acknowledge
LARGE
enlarge
largely
LAUGH
laughter
LAW
lawyer
(un)lawful
LAZY
laziness
lazily
LEAD
leader
leadership
mislead
(mis)leading
LEGAL
illegal(ly)
LIE
liar
lying
LIGHT
lighten
lightning
LIKE
dislike
alike
unlike
(un)likely
(un)likeable
likelihood
LITERATE
illiterate
literature
(il)literacy
LIVE
life
living
alive
lively
LOCATE
location
located
local(ly)
LOGIC
(il)logical(ly)
LONE
alone
lonely
loneliness
LONG
length
lengthen
LOSE
loss
lost
LOUD
aloud
loudly
LOW
lowly
lower
LOYAL
loyalty
LUCK
(un)lucky
(un)luckily
LUXURY
luxurious(ly)
MAJOR
majority
MANAGE
manager(ess)
management
MARRY
marriage
(un)married
MASS
massive
MATHEMATICS
mathematician
mathematical
MEAN
meaning
meaningless
meaningful(ly)
MEASURE
measurement
MEDICAL
medicine
medicinal
MEMBER
membership
MEMORY
memorise
memorable
memorial
MESS
messy
MINIMISE
minimal(ly)
minimum
MINOR
minority
MISERY
miserable
Продолжение
MISTAKE
mistaken(ly)
MIX
mixer
mixture
mixed
MOBILE
mobility
MOOD
moody
MOVE
movement
MUSIC
musical
musician
MYSTERY
mysterious(ly)
NAME
namely
named
NATION
(inter)national
nationality
NATURE
(un)natural(ly)
NAVIGATE
navigator
navigation
NECESSARY
(un)necessarily
necessity
NEIGHBO(U)R
heighbo(u)rhood
neighbouring
NERVE
nervous(ly)
nervousness
NOISE
noisy
noisily
noiseless(ly)
NOTICE
unnoticed
noticeable
324
NUMBER
numerical
numerous
enumerate
OBEY
disobey
(dis)obedient
(dis)obedience
OBJECT
objection
objective
OBSESS
obsession
obsessed
OCCUPY
occupant
occupation
(un)occupied
OFFEND
offender
offense
(in)offensive
OFFICE
officer
(un)official(ly)
OPPOSE
opposite
opposition
opponent
OPTIMIST
optimistic(ally)
optimism
ORIGIN
originate
(un)original(ly)
OWN
owner
ownership
PAIN
painful(ly)
painless(ly)
PART
participate
participant
PARTICULAR
particularly
PATIENT
(im)patience
(im)patient(ly)
PAY
payment
PEACE
peaceful(ly)
PERFECT
imperfect(ly)
perfection
PERFORM
performer
performance
PERMIT
permission
PERSIST
persistent(ly)
persistence
PERSON
(im)personal
personally
personality
personnel
PICTURE
picturesque
PLACE
replace
misplace
PLAY
player
playful
PLEASE
pleasure
(un)pleasant
(dis)pleased
POET
poem
poetry
poetic(al)
POINT
pointer
pointless
POISON
poisonous
POLITE
impolite(ly)
politeness
POLITICS
political
politician
policy
POLLUTE
pollution
pollutant
polluted
POOR
poverty
POPULAR
popularity
unpopular
POSSESS
possession
POSSIBLE
possibility
(im)possibly
POWER
powerful
powerless
empower
PRACTICE
(im)practical(ly)
practise
PREDICT
prediction
(un)predictable
PREFER
preference
preferable
preferably
PREPARE
preparation
(un)prepared
PRESCRIBE
prescription
PRESS
pressure
PRESTIGE
prestigious
PREVENT
prevention
preventive
PRICE
priceless
precious
PRIDE
proud(ly)
PRIOR
priority
PRISON
prisoner
imprison
imprisoned
imprisonment
PRIVATE
privacy
PROBABLE
probability
improbable
probably
PRODUCE
producer
product(ivity)
production
(un)productive(ly)
PROFIT
(un)profitable
PROMOTE
promotion
promotional
PROPOSE
proposal
PROSPER
prosperity
prosperous
PROTECT
protector
protection
protective
PROVE
proof
325
Продолжение
PSYCHOLOGY
psychologist
psychological
PUBLIC
publicly
publicity
PUBLISH
publisher
publication
PUNCTUAL
punctuality
PUNISH
punishment
QUALIFY
qualification
(un)qualified
disqualify
disqualified
RAIN
rainy
REACT
reaction
READY
readily
readiness
unready
REAL
(un)real(ly)
(un)realistic
reality
realise
realisation
REASON
(un)reasonable
(un)reasonably
RECEIVE
reception
receptionist
receipt
RECOGNISE
recognition
unrecognisable
REDUCE
reduction
REFER
reference
referee
REFUSE
refusal
REGULAR
(ir)regular(ly)
RELATE
relation
relationship
relative(ly)
related
RELAX
relaxation
relaxed
RELIEVE
relief
RELIGION
religious
RELY
(un)reliable
reliability
REMARK
remarkable
remarkably
REQUIRE
requirement
RESEMBLE
resemblance
RESIDE
resident
residence
residential
RESIGN
resignation
RESIST
resistance
irresistible
RESPONSE
(ir)responsible
responsibility
respond
REST
restless(ly)
RETIRE
retired
retirement
REVISE
revision
RICH
enrich
enriched
richness
RISK
risky
ROB
robber
robbery
SAD
sadden
sadness
SATISFY
(dis)satisfaction
(dis)satisfied
(un)satisfactory
SAVE
(un)safe(ly)
safety
saving(s)
SCIENCE
scientist
scientific(ally)
SEARCH
searching
research
researcher
SECURITY
(in)secure
SELF
selfie
selfish
selfishness
SENSE
sensible
sensitive
senseless
SERIOUS(LY)
seriousness
SERVE
service
servant
SHAME
shameless
ashamed
SHORT
shorten
shortage
SICK
sickness
SIGN
signal
signature
(un)signed
SIGNIFY
(in)significance
(in)significant(ly)
SILENCE
silent(ly)
SIMILAR(LY)
similarity
SIMPLE
simply
simplify
simplicity
SINCERE
insincere(ly)
sincerity
SKILL
skilful(ly)
(un)skilled
SLEEP
sleepy
sleepless
SOCIAL
society
(un)sociable
socialise
SOLVE
solution
(un)solved
SPACE
spacious
326
SPEAK
speaker
speech
speechless
spoken
SPECIAL
specialist
speciality
specialise
especially
STABILISE
(un)stable
(in)stability
STATE
statement
STORE
storage
STRESS
stressful
stressed
STRONG
strongly
strength
strengthen
strengthening
SUCCESS
(un)successful(ly)
succeed
SUFFER
sufferer
suffering
SUGGEST
suggestion
SUIT
(un)suitable
(un)suitably
SUM
summary
summarise
SUPPORT
supporter
supporting
SURE
assure
ensure/insure
insurance
SURPRISE
surprising(ly)
surprised
SURROUND
surrounding(s)
SUSPECT
suspicious(ly)
suspicion
SYMPATHY
sympathise
(un)sympathetic
TALK
talkative
TASTE
tasty
tasteful(ly)
tasteless(ly)
TECHNICAL
technique
technician
TECHNOLOGY
technological
technologist
TEMPT
temptation
TEND
tendency
TERROR
terrify
terrified
terrifying
terrific
THANK
thanks
thankful(ly)
THIEF
theft
THINK
thought
thoughtful(ly)
thoughtless(ly)
unthinkable
THREAT
threaten
threatening
TIGHT
tighten
TIRE
tiredness
tired
tiring
TOLERATE
(in)tolerance
(in)tolerant
intolerable
TRAGIC
tragedy
tragically
TRAIN
trainer
trainee
training
TREAT
treatment
treaty
TRUTH
(un)true
truthful(ly)
truly
TYPE
typical(ly)
UNDERSTAND
(mis)understand(ing)
UNITE
union
unit
united
USE
user
useful(ly)
useless(ly)
USUAL
(un)usual(ly)
VACATE
vacant
vacancy
VALUE
valueless
(in)valuable
evaluate
evaluation
VARY
variant
variety
various
VISION
(in)visible
visual
VOLUNTARY
volunteer
voluntarily
WARM
warmth
WARN
warning
WEAK
weaken
weakness
WEALTH
wealthy
WED
wedding
WEIGH
weight
WIDE(LY)
widen
width
WILL
(un)willing(ly)
(un)willingness
WISDOM
(un)wise
WORTH
(un)worthy
worthless
YEAR
yearly
YOUNG
youth
youthful
327
Слова, оканчивающиеся на «e»:
1) Нечитаемая конечная буква -e обычно опускается, если
к слову прибавляется суффикс, который начинается с гласной
буквы (-ate, -al, -y, -ing, -able, -ous, -ive и др.):
− active – activate – activity;
− believe – believer – unbelievable;
− create – creative – creature;
− inquire – inquiry – inquiring.
2) Конечная буква -e сохраняется перед добавляемым суф-
фиксом в следующих случаях:
• если исходное слово оканчивается на -ее:
− agree – agreeable;
− see – seeing;
− guarantee – guaranteed;
• если к исходному слову прибавляется суффикс, который
начинается с согласной буквы (-dom, -ment, -ness, -ful, -ly и др.):
− bore – boredom;
− improve – improvement;
− like – likely;
− peace – peaceful.
Но:
− awe – awful;
− wide – width;
− wise – wisdom.
Если исходное слово оканчивается на -ue, то конечная -e
обычно опускается:
− argue – argument;
− true – truth;
− value – valuable.
Но:
− value – valueless.
• если суффикс -able добавляется к слову, оканчивающему-
ся на -ce или -ge:
− change – changeable;
− notice – noticeable.
Обратите внимание, перед суффиксом -ous в словах, оканчивающихся на -ce или -ge, конечная -e меняется на -i-:
− grace – gracious;
− prestige – prestigious;
− space – spacious.
328
Но:
− advantage – advantageous;
− courage – courageous.
Слова judg(e)ment и acknowledg(e)ment могут писаться как с
буквой -e-, так и без нее.
Слова, оканчивающиеся на «y»:
1) У слов, оканчивающихся на -у с предшествующей соглас-
ной, перед любым суффиксом (за исключением –ing и –ish) -у
заменяется на -i-:
− beauty – beautiful;
− easy – easily;
− fury – furious;
− happy – happiness;
− marry – marriage.
Hо:
− baby – babyish;
− carry – carrying;
− shy – shyly.
2) Если перед -у стоит гласная буква, то -у не изменяется:
− boy – boyish;
− enjoy – enjoyment;
− obey – obeyed;
− play – playful.
Hо:
− day – daily.
3) Если к исходному слову, оканчивающемуся на -ie, добав-
ляется суффикс -ing, то -ie заменяется на -y:
− lie – lying;
− die – dying;
− tie – tying.
Удвоение конечной согласной
1) Если исходное слово оканчивается на одну согласную бук-
ву, перед которой стоит одна краткая ударная гласная, то конеч-
ная согласная удваивается при добавлении суффикса, начинающегося с гласной (-ed, -ing, -er, -est, -y и др.):
− fun – funny;
− god – goddess;
− big – bigger.
Последние согласные также удваиваются у следующих слов:
− kidnap – kidnapper;
− worship – worshipping;
− handicap – handicapped.
329
Сравните:
− hop – hopping, НО hope – hoping (оканчивается на глас-
ную);
− fat – fatter, НО fast – faster (две конечные согласные);
− run – running, НО rain – raining (две гласные перед ко-
нечной согласной);
− begin – beginner, НО visit – visitor (ударение падает не на
последний слог).
2) В словах, оканчивающихся на букву -l с предшествующей
краткой гласной, в британском варианте английского языка, как
правило, конечная -l удваивается при добавлении суффикса, начинающегося с гласной (-ed, -ing, -er, -est, -y и др.):
− quarrel – quarrelling;
− travel – traveller.
Сравните:
− feel – feeling (долгий звук);
− steal – stealing (долгий звук).
В американском английском в таких словах обычно одна
буква -l-: quarreling, traveler.
Обратите внимание, если слово, к которому прибавляется
суффикс, оканчивается на двойное -ll, то в британском варианте
английского языка второе «l» опускается:
− skill – skilful (в амер. варианте – skillful);
− will – wilful (в амер. варианте – willful).
Правила написания окончания -(e)s
1) Окончание -s присоединяется к слову (существительному
во множественном числе либо к глаголу в 3-ем лице единственного числа в Present Simple), оканчивающемуся на согласную
букву:
− dream – dreams;
− month – months;
− to look – looks.
2) Если слово оканчивается на -ss, -x, -z, -sh, -ch, -tch, то
прибавляется окончание -es:
− bus – buses;
− to fix – fixes;
− quiz – quizzes;
− to wash – washes;
− church – churches;
− to watch – watches.
330
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