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Файл:Английский язык без репетитора секреты успешной подготовки к тестированию
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Употребление Примеры
1. с исчисляемыми в ед.ч.
в значении «один из»,
«какой-то», «любой»,
«каждый»
2. «один», «еще один»
3. первое упоминание I’m looking for a job.
4. описательное
определение
5. профессия, род занятий My brother is a first-year student.
6. после what, such, quite,
rather
7. of + цифра a discount of 5 percent
8. порция Will you buy me an ice-cream?
9. эмоция, умственная
деятельность + уточнение
You can choose a dress from this catalogue.
I got a message from my mum.
A person who tries hard can achieve very
much.
Wait a minute, please.
His dream is to earn a thousand dollars
a month.
My phone called a second time.
The Internet is a useful source of information.
We need a secretary with some work experience.
After graduation he’ll work as a doctor.
What a pleasant surprise!
This is rather a (a rather) silly mistake.
an audience of 200 people
a height of 10 metres
What a pity / relief / shame / nuisance!
She’s got a great love of life.
Do you have a guilty pleasure?
I have a suspicion that you’re right.
The university gave me a good education and
a first-class knowledge of law.
Секреты успеха!
Неопределенный артикль употребляется, главным образом,
перед исчисляемым существительным в единственном числе. Поэтому, прежде чем поставить артикль A/AN к существительному,
нужно определить, является ли оно исчисляемым. В основном,
категория исчисляемости совпадает с русской логикой, но есть
и особые случаи.
С нижеперечисленными существительными неопределен-
ный артикль никогда не употребляется, даже при наличии
описательного определения. Обратите внимание, что многие
из данных существительных являются исчисляемыми в русском языке:
111
advice
applause
equipment
evidence
food
fun
furniture
gossip
hair
information
insurance
knowledge
lightning
luck
money
news
parking
perfume
permission
research
success
sunburn
transport
travel
trouble
weather
work
Например:
We had _terrible weather at the weekend.
I am not sure if it is _good news.
В английском языке много существительных, которые не
имеют формы множественного числа, но при этом могут употребляться с неопределенным артиклем, особенно при наличии
описательного определения:
advertisement
age
alibi
amount
appetite
audience
background
benefit
booking
career
choice
cough
cure
diet
distance
fee
friendship
headache
holiday
impact
income
increase
influence
job
laugh
lie
lifestyle
meal
memory
mess
mood
moustache
occupation
range
reputation
salary
sleep
smell
suspicion
temper
variety
whisper
Например:
A headache may be a direct result of stress.
The cafе Ђ has a reputation for a wide choice of well-priced food.
Обратите внимание, что существительные crossroads, means,
series, species могут употребляться с артиклем A/AN, т.к. име-
ют одинаковую форму в единственном и множественном числе.
Например:
Patrick shared a series of selfies in his Instagram Stories.
A drink-driver caused a crash at a busy crossroads.
112
all of a sudden
as a matter of fact
as a result
as a rule
at a distance
at a glance
at a loss
at a profit
at a time
for a long time
for a meal
for a while
from a distance
in a fury
in a good mood
in a hurry / in a rush
in a low voice
in a mess
in a whisper
it’s a pity
it’s a pleasure
on a large scale
once upon a time
to a certain degree
to be a success
to catch a glimpse
to come to an end
to cost a fortune
to do a favour
to do sth for a living
to drop sb a line
to earn / make a living
to go for a walk
to keep an eye on sb
to make a mistake
to make a speech
to make a start
to make an appointment
to make an impression
to play a trick
to put an end to
to tell a joke
to tell a lie
to throw a party
to work a miracle
Неопределенный артикль употребляется в сочетаниях с гла-
голами to have, to take, to give:
to have a cold
to have a good laugh
to have a good time
to have a headache
to have a look
to have a reputation
to have a rest
to have a snack
to have a sleep
to have a smoke
to have a suspicion
to have a think
to have a try
to have a word
to have an impact
to take a course
to take a nap
to take a risk
to take a seat
to take a shower
to give a call
to give a chance
to give a hand
to give a lift
Обратите внимание, что в следующих словосочетаниях с гла-
голами to have, to take, to give артикля нет:
to have (great) fun
to have breakfast
to have difficulty (in)
to have dinner
to have free time
to have success
to have trouble
to take action
to take care
to take part
to take place
to take time to do sth
to give cause
to give permission
to give way
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Употребление Примеры
1. из ситуации
(контекста) понятно,
о чем идет речь
2. уникальный или
единственный в
данной ситуации
(контексте)
3. конкретизирующее (уточняющее)
определение
4. в сочетании с of Put a period at the end of every sentence.
5. перед central, fol-
lowing, last, left, main,
necessary, next, only,
opposite, present,
right, same, very, whole
6. порядковое
числительное
7. прилагательное
в превосходной
степени
8. при повторном
упоминании
9. после one of, some
of, many of, most of,
each of
10. приложении,
если подчеркивается
известность лица
Let’s take the children to the zoo.
Could you turn on the kettle?
Sorry I’m late, the subway was crazy!
He works in the centre of the city.
London is the capital of the UK.
The sun is shining and there aren’t any clouds in
the sky.
This is the money I owe you.
The guy in the car in front of the cafe looks strange.
(только один)
He got married at the age of 47.
The popularity of mobile phones has skyrocketed.
Сравните:
Can I have a cup of coffee? (один)
We made a list of places to visit.
That’s the right answer.
We study at the same school.
We just spent the whole day shopping!
That’s the very book I’m looking for.
English is the main language in the world.
Но: _last year, _next week, _next door
This is the first time I’ve been here.
I’m the pupil of the 11
Have you heard the latest news?
‘The’ is the most common word in the English language!
There was a cat on the porch. The animal was enjoying the sunshine.
Some of the messages were deleted.
Most of the world’s electronics are made in China.
Katie Holmes married Tom Cruise, the actor.
Сравните:
Do you know Rob Brown, an actor in ‘Blindspot’?
(не является всемирно известным)
th
form.
114
Употребление Примеры
11. обстоятельство
места (где? куда?)
12. группа людей The government provides care for the sick, the elderly,
13. класс предметов I can play the guitar. (музыкальный инструмент)
14. общеизвестные
понятия
15. ландшафт the country(side) the mountains
I’ll meet you at the airport.
Сравните:
She works in a children’s hospital in Minsk.
(в одной из больниц)
the unemployed and the poor.
Nobody knows who invented the wheel. (изобрете-
ние)
The dog is a friend of _man. (dog – класс живот-
ных; man в родовом значении – без артикля)
the cinema
the environment
the Internet
the media
Но: _nature, _space, _society (в общем смысле)
the forest the sea(side)
the news
the police
the rain
the sky
the sunshine
the underground
the weather
the world
Секрет успеха!
Определенный артикль употребляется перед любыми суще-
ствительными, когда и говорящему, и слушающему понятно, что
именно имеется в виду; когда речь идет о конкретном (неповторимом, уникальном, единственном в своем роде) предмете
(явлении, человеке), который невозможно перепутать ни с чем
другим. Вместо артикля the можно поставить слова «этот», «тот
самый».
What’s the time?
Where did you park the car?
Have you locked the front door?
I’m afraid Mr Gail is out of the office just now. Can I take a message?
Everyone has the right to get the healthcare they need.
all the same
at the bottom
at the moment
at the top
in the sun
in the wild
not in the least
on the contrary
to break the silence
to change for the better
to cross the road
to do the cleaning
115
by the way
for the sake of
for the time being
from the beginning
in the daytime
in the distance
in the doorway
in the end
in the habit of
in the long run
in the middle
in the night
in the open air
in the original
in the past
in the rain
in the shade
on the increase
on the left
on the one hand
on the other hand
on the right
on the run
on the safe side
on the spot
on the tip of my tongue
on the whole
out of the blue
out of the ordinary
out of the question
the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday
the other day
to be on the move
Употребление Примеры
to hit the roof
to lay the table
to look in the eye(s)
to make the bed
to make the most of sth
to pass the time
to read between the lines
to speak to the point
to take the floor
to take the trouble
to tell the difference
to tell the time
to tell the truth
to tell the way
to weather the storm
under the impression
under the influence
1. исчисляемые во мн.ч.
в значении «все»,
«любые», «всякие» или
с описанием
2. неисчисляемые
в общем смысле или
с описанием
3. количественное
числительное
4. годы We first met in (the year) 2018.
5. наука, учебный
предмет
6. спорт He plays _table tennis twice a week.
7. после amount of, group
of, kind of, number of,
range of, sense of, sort of,
type of
_Dogs are much more playful than _cats.
_Mobile phones are the best way to keep in touch.
_Women love it when _men send them _flowers.
I’ll help you with _pleasure.
We had _terrible weather at the weekend.
_Water is necessary for _life.
Max works _six days a week.
Open the book at _page 5.
Но: The plant was built in the nineties.
The study of _history is a window into the past.
Но: I study the history of World War II.
What kind of _car do you drive?
The number of _unemployed is rising.
A sense of _responsibility is a vital school goal.
116
arm in arm
at breakfast
at first
at first glance
at first sight
at half price
at hand
at high speed
at home
at last
at least
at odds
at present
at risk
at sea
at short notice
at sunrise
at sunset
at war
at work
by accident
by bus (car, tube)
by chance
by cheque
by heart
by means of
by mistake
by name
by plane
close to heart
common knowledge
common sense
day after day
day by day
face to face
for ages
for example
for fun
for good
for instance
for life
free of charge
from beginning to end
from memory
from top to bottom
hand in hand
in (outer) space
in addition
in advance
in cash
in charge of
in comparison with
in conclusion
in connection with
in contrast to
in danger
in debt
in despair
in detail
in fact
in fashion
in favour of
in honour
in person
in reality
in reply to
in search of
in secret
in seventh heaven
in sight
in time
last but not least
on average
on behalf of
on board (the ship)
on condition that
on credit
on demand
on fire
on foot
on holiday
on occasion
on purpose
on sale
on second thoughts
on time
on top of all
out of date
out of doors
out of order
out of sight
to be in trouble
to catch sight of
to cause trouble
to do research
to give advice
to give cause for
to give permission
to give way
to go on holiday
to keep (good) time
to lose control
to lose heart
to lose sight of
to make friends
to make fun of
to make money
to make progress
to make sense
to make use of
to pay attention to
to shake hands
to take action
to take advantage
to take care of
to take first place
to take for granted
to take notice
to take offence
to take part
to take place
to take to heart
to win first prize
under control
under pressure
with pleasure
117
— A THE
school, college, university, church, hospital, prison, jail
Прямое назначение:
I go to _school every day.
(учеба)
She spent a week in
_hospital. (лечение)
He was sent to _prison
for fraud. (наказание)
Привычный прием
пищи в обычное
время:
_Lunch is at 12 o’clock.
Let’s have _dinner out
tonight.
What shall I cook for
_supper?
части суток, дни недели, месяцы, поры года
В общем смысле:
_Night has come.
I was born in _summer,
in _June.
Описание:
Moving to a new school
can be stressful for a
child.
They got married in a
local church.
I work as a nurse in
a hospital. (одна из
больниц)
breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper
Описание:
It was a delicious breakfast.
There’s no such thing as
a free lunch.
Описание:
I spent a sleepless night.
We met on a Monday in
July.
A frosty November
brought an end to a rainy
autumn.
Конкретизация:
The college was founded
in 1998.
The walls of the jail
were built of massive
stones.
The locals raised money
to rebuild the church.
Конкретизация:
Is the dinner ready?
How much did you pay
for the lunch?
Конкретизация:
Wake up early on the
day of your exam.
We will always remember the May of 1945.
Название — THE Исключения
планеты
стороны
света
Venus, Mars,
(the) Earth
the earth,
the Sun, the Moon
the North,
the Southeast
the planet
(of) Venus
from East
to West
118
Название — THE Исключения
the North Pole,
полюса
материки,
регионы
пустыни the Sahara (Desert)
острова
горы
океаны,
моря, реки
озера
страны
населенные
пункты
районы
города
улицы,
площади
Africa, Europe,
(Latin) America,
(Central) Asia
отд. остров:
Sicily
вершины:
(Mount) Elbrus
Lake Baikal,
Loch Ness
Belarus,
England
western Spain,
Ancient Greece
Minsk, Athens,
New York City
Westminster,
Malinovka
Fifth Avenue,
Broadway,
Red Square
the South Pole,
the Arctic,
the Antarctic
группа островов:
the British Isles
горные цепи:
the Alps
the (River) Nile,
the Pacific (Ocean)
the Baikal
the Republic,
the Union,
the Kingdom,
the States,
the Federation,
the Emirates:
the USA, the UK,
the Republic
of Belarus
the England of the
Middle Ages
the west of Spain
the Minsk of 1945,
the city of New York
регионы:
the Lake
District,
the Highlands,
the Middle East
the Isle of Man
the Braslav
Lakes
the Netherlands,
the Philippines,
the Vatican
the City,
the West End,
the East End
the High Street,
the Main Street
119
Продолжение
Название — THE Исключения
the Golden
мосты Tower Bridge the Bridge of Sighs
парки
аэропорты,
вокзалы
городские
объекты
(театры,
музеи,
дворцы
и т.п.), до-
стопримеча-
тельности
магазины,
рестораны,
гостиницы
учебные
заведения
компании
государ-
ственные
учреждения
Hyde Park,
Disneyland
Gatwick Airport,
Victoria Station
Buckingham Palace,
London Zoo,
Covent Garden,
St. Paul’s Cathedral,
Shakespeare’s
Birthplace
(название места,
имя в притяж.
падеже)
McDonald’s,
Selfridges, Harrods,
(имя в притяж.
падеже или
мн. числе)
Minsk State Linguistic University,
Oxford University
(название города)
Coca Cola,
IBM, Microsoft,
General Motors
the Eiffel Tower,
the White House,
the British Museum,
the Hermitage,
the Royal
Opera House,
the Egyptian
Pyramids
the Studio Cafе,
the White Tower,
the Hilton Hotel
the Belarusian
State University,
the Open University,
the University
of London
the Coca Cola Com-
pany, the British
Broadcasting Corpo-
ration (the BBC)
the Government,
the City Council,
the Senate,
the Supreme Court,
the Pentagon,
the British Parliament
Gate Bridge,
the Brooklyn
Bridge
the National Park,
the Botanical
Gardens
the London Eye
(колесо
обозрения),
Stonehenge,
Madame
Tussauds
a Ford, a Nikon,
an Android
(марка, продукт
компании)
Parliament,
Congress
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