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Файл:Английский язык без репетитора секреты успешной подготовки к тестированию
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cowardly – трусливый
friendly – дружелюбный
silly – глупый
Для образования наречий, соответствующих этим прилага-
тельным, используются конструкции со словами way, manner:
in a silly way – глупо
in a friendly manner – дружелюбно
2. В английском языке после глаголов-связок употребляются
только прилагательные. В качестве глагола-связки могут употребляться следующие глаголы состояния и чувственного восприятия:
appear – выглядеть
be – быть
become – становиться
feel – чувствовать себя
get – становиться
The weather is fine. I feel bad. You look great! It is getting late. His
voice sounded strange.
Обратите внимание на значение вышеуказанных глаголовсвязок! Если они имеют иное значение (например, appear – появляться, look – смотреть, smell – нюхать, taste – пробовать), то
сочетаются с наречиями, а не с прилагательными. Сравните:
He looked nervous. He looked around nervously.
The meat smelled suspicious. She smelled the meat suspiciously.
3. Значение подобия такой же, как; так же, как передается
при помощи предлога like и союза as. Like – предлог, образующий
предложную группу с последующим существительным или местоимением: Не needs a holiday like all other people. Предлог like особен-
но часто используется, когда сравниваемый объект или процесс
не является тем, с чем он сравнивается: to swim like a fish, to behave
like a child, to work like a slave. Like также употребляется в сочетании
с глаголами feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste: She looks like an angel.
What does this perfume smell like?
As – союз, за которым следует придаточное предложение: She
enjoys music just as I do. В сочетании с существительным as является
предлогом, который указывает на род занятий или предназначение и имеет значение «в качестве», «в роли»: He works as a waiter.
I use one of the bedrooms as a study. As также употребляется в соче-
тании с глаголами choose, class, describe, know, regard, see, serve,
treat, use, view: His full name is Robert, but he is commonly known as Bob.
likely – вероятный
lively – оживленный
lovely – привлекательный
look – выглядеть
seem – казаться
smell – пахнуть
sound – звучать
taste – иметь вкус
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I regard him as my best friend. As употребляется в следующих устой-
чивых выражениях: as always, as usual, such as, as if / as though.
4. Наречие so (так, такой) употребляется перед прилагатель-
ным или другим наречием для усиления его значения: This equip-
ment is so expensive. He speaks so loudly.
Such (так, такой) употребляется как усилитель существительного: I’m happy to have such a great father.
So сочетается с местоимениями many, much, few, little; а such –
с местоимением a lot of: There were so many participants at the confe-
rence. There was so much hope in her eyes. There were such a lot of people
on the train!
5. Наречие enough (достаточно) ставится после прилагатель-
ного, наречия и глагола, к которому относится: He is old enough to
make his own decisions. We ran fast enough to catch the bus. I know enough
about you.
Если enough определяет существительное, то занимает место
перед ним: She was given enough time to get ready.
6. Наречия too, either, as well (тоже, также) ставятся в конце
предложения, причем too и as well употребляются в утвердительных
предложениях, а either – в отрицательных: I’d like to believe him, too.
He knows the answer as well. Liz did not come either.
Наречие too со значением «слишком» ставится перед опреде-
ляемым словом: The music is too loud. She made too many mistakes in
the test.
1. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. In business, it’s … to stay at the top than to get there.
a. more harder c. the most hardest
b. much more harder d. much harder
2. Riding a bike is … than driving a car.
a. far riskiest c. the most risky
b. far more risky d. much risky
3. Social networks make it ... for people to stay in touch with each
other.
a. much easier c. far more easier
b. the most easiest d. more easier
4. Aluminium is … than copper and is generally used for making electri-
cal cables.
a. far much cheaper c. more cheaper
b. the cheapest d. a little cheaper
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5. The speed of life today is … than it was a generation ago.
a. much more faster c. a lot faster
b. more fast d. the most fastest
6. Don’t belittle Mark’s abilities – he’s … than you all think.
a. much more smarter c. the most smartest
b. much smarter d. more smarter
7. The boys became … after the headmaster had a talk with their pa-
rents.
a. more quieter c. a bit quieter
b. a lot more quieter d. the most quietest
8. Bats aren’t really blind; their sense of hearing is … at night, but they
can see.
a. much stronger c. much more strong
b. more stronger d. the most strongest
9. Lions are … to attack cattle with eyes painted on their backsides.
a. less likely c. far least likely
b. more less likely d. a lot likely
10. The risk of infection spreading is … when people get together in any
contained space – because of poor ventilation.
a. the most highest c. much higher
b. more high d. much more highly
11. There’s no doubt that my life before the birth of kids moved at
a … pace.
a. far more slower c. most slowest
b. much slower d. more slower
12. For modern youth, it’s … to download music from the Internet in-
stead of going out to buy a CD.
a. the most easiest c. a lot easilier
b. far easier d. far more easier
13. The safari park was a bit of a disappointment as there were … animals
than we had expected.
a. much few c. much more fewer
b. far fewest d. much fewer
14. These days, people are … about healthy eating and natural ingredi-
ents.
a. far much sensible c. far more sensibly
b. much more sensible d. a lot sensiblier
15. Japanese diet is healthier in general, and they consume … sugar
than Europeans.
a. lesser c. far less
b. more less d. least
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16. The scientists believe that sea levels could rise … than it was previ-
ously predicted.
a. a lot higher c. a lot more higher
b. far highly d. much more high
17. Some truck drivers came up with creative tips and tricks to make
their trips … .
a. a lot comfortable c. far much comfortably
b. far comfortabler d. much more comfortable
18. Thanks to advances in technology, today’s dental treatment is …
painful or even pain-free!
a. far more less c. much less
b. much lesser d. far least
19. Asthma and allergies are … in teens who stay up late.
a. far common c. far more commoner
b. much more common d. much most common
20. In the second set Serena Williams relaxed and played … – and lost
badly.
a. far less carefully c. a lot carefullier
b. much less careful d. much least carefully
2. Прочитайте предложения. В некоторых из них найдите лиш-
ние слова:
1. Could you please stay a few minutes more longer?
2. Zelda walked faster and even faster, then started to run.
3. Sheila was such frightened and was shaking like a leaf.
4. Ben’s school backpack is twice as more expensive as mine.
5. If you feel as you are down on your luck, check the level of your ef-
fort.
6. It was very cold yesterday, but it’s slightly less warmer today.
7. Can you think of anything as much exciting as space exploration?
8. It’s becoming more difficult and more difficult to find a job.
9. Women have lost as very much as they have gained by achieving
equality.
10. There’s nothing more worse than not being able to sleep at night.
11. Do you really think you’re not enough good at foreign languages?
12. One in three people find it such impossible to take a break from
technology.
13. The Louvre attracts millions of visitors each year – and it’s as easy to
see why.
14. The reason why Camden Market is more popular rather than others
is in its variety.
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15. The more tired you are the more less mistakes you will make.
16. The lecture wasn’t very useful. It was much less informative than last
week’s.
17. There are so a lot of good films on YouTube and I don’t know which
one to watch.
18. Building with waste material is improving quality of life in very poor-
er countries of the world.
19. Why do we spend more on flights when there is a more cheap, more
comfortable, and often faster alternative – the train?
20. These days, libraries are not such as popular as they used to be and
fewer and fewer people are reading books.
3. Прочитайте предложения. В некоторых из них содержатся
ошибки. Найдите и исправьте их:
1. The weather is much more worse today.
2. You don’t look happily. What’s the matter?
3. You are as white as a sheet; you’d better see a doctor.
4. Giving up bad habits is more easily said than done.
5. Einstein is one of intelligent scientists who ever lived.
6. When Teo puts on his black waistcoat he looks as a waiter.
7. Is this box enough big or do you need a bigger one?
8. Berta tries to keep her life as simple than possible.
9. I have difficulty understanding native speakers as they speak so
fluently.
10. Why do teachers earn fewer money than doctors do?
11. Nothing is worst than missing a flight because of traffic.
12. This morning I got up more earlier than usual.
13. I’m so glad to see you after so a long time.
14. Our cat has been a lot livelier since we added vitamin supplements to
his diet.
15. They say that the highest you fly, the further you fall.
16. How important is it for you to be up to date with the last fashions?
17. Although I felt very angry, I smiled at him very friendly.
18. The Boeing 777 is regarded like one of the safest jets in the world.
19. This device uses much less electric energy than the previous one.
It is far much economical.
20. Most consumers are unwilling to pay such a high price for such few
extra benefits.
4. Прочитайте текст. Найдите в нем 10 лишних слов.
Carl Ruf is a professional chef and baker at the confectioner’s. He
cooks the most best desserts than I’ve ever tasted. Besides, Carl is such
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passionate about sharing his baking experience, so he trains me to make
cakes. The more I practise, the far more proficient I become.
The other day I very wanted to bake a birthday cake. Making a cake
as like that is by far more complicated than I thought! We spent twice as
much more time decorating the cake as actually baking it. Now I can
understand why Carl is regarded as like one of the most great chefs of
our time.
5. Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только од-
ним словом, подходящим по смыслу:
My new job is ideal. I like it much better (1) … my previous one. My
colleagues are nicer than I expected. Fortunately, the head of the department isn’t as rude (2) … my old boss, Mr Lincoln, was. I was afraid of
him. He was the (3) … friendly person I’ve (4) … met. I’m the youngest person (5) … the office and everyone here is (6) … than (7) … . But
I don’t care about it. The best thing about the job is that I earn a (8) …
more money, much more than I got before. The bad thing is that my way
to work isn’t as simple (9) … it was in my old job, where the bus took me
straight there. Now I have to change buses. But the boss lets me leave
work a little earlier. (10) … earlier I leave the office, the easier the journey is because the buses aren’t so crowded.
6. Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только од-
ним словом, подходящим по смыслу:
Pre-school teaching is much (1) … demanding than most other jobs.
People think that looking after young children is easier (2) … looking
after older children, but in fact the job is not as bad (3) … some may
think. What makes it difficult is that the younger they are, (4) … more
responsibility you have.
Small kids can be (5) … funny that they will make you laugh your
heart out. They are (6) … worried than adults about saying ‘inappropriate’ things. Besides, they are twice (7) … energetic as grown-ups. (8)
… rarest moments in the classroom are when it’s quiet. Of course, you
always get some children who are shyer and a (9) … more quiet than others by nature.
Sure it’s neither the easiest job in the world nor the best paid. However, I believe that teaching is rewarding (10) … to offset the loss of income.
7. Переведите на английский язык фрагмент предложения, дан-
ный в скобках:
1. It looks (как) there was an error signing in to your account. Try
again.
166
2. I usually do my homework at the (последнюю) minute.
3. English is (самый) widely spoken language in the world today.
4. You can enrich your life by spending (меньше) money.
5. (Чем старше) he grew, the wiser he became.
6. Is it possible to eat (слишком много) fruit? The answer is yes.
7. (Как) I said, I am not happy with the whole thing.
8. It was (такой) a boring film that I can’t even remember most of it
now.
9. Who is the (следующий) heir to the British Throne?
10. A study shows (меньше) people are using cash since the onset of the
COVID-19 pandemic.
11. My boyfriend isn’t going out tonight and I’m not (тоже).
12. He is always getting on my nerves. I can’t stand people (как) him.
13. We had (так) much luggage that we couldn’t get it all into the car.
14. I’ve been feeling a little (хуже) since I stopped taking vitamins.
15. She nodded to me (дружелюбно) way and smiled politely.
16. In my opinion, apologizing is the (самое малое) you should do.
17. The (последние) news is regularly added to the home page of our
website.
18. Do you ever find yourself thinking you’re not (достаточно хоро-
ший)?
19. Wars, like chess, are won by whoever makes the (меньше всего) mis-
takes.
20. A lovely face is (в два раза) as lovely when it’s radiant and alive!
167
Союзы в централизованном тестировании проверяют как
в части А (в заданиях на выбор из нескольких предложенных
вариантов ответа или на нахождение ошибки в подчеркнутом
фрагменте), так и в части В (в заданиях на заполнение пропусков
своими словами, нахождение лишних слов и на перевод фрагмента предложения с русского языка на английский). Чтобы
успешно справиться с такими заданиями, вам нужно знать следующие союзы:
Время Условие
when
while / as
в то время как
as long as
до тех пор, пока
till / until
до тех пор, пока не
before
до того, как
after
после того, как
then
since
с тех пор, как
as soon as / once
hardly / scarcely … when
как только … то
no sooner … than
как только … то
когда
затем
как только
if
если, в случае если
unless / if not
если … не
even if
даже если
on condition (that)
при условии, что
provided / providing (that)
при условии, что
as long as / so long as
при условии, если
supposing (that)
предположим; допустим
as if
как если бы
as though
как будто
in case (of)
на случай если
whether … or not
ли … или нет
168
Дополнение
also / too / as well
(в утверд. предлож.) тоже
either (в конце отриц. предлож.)
тоже
not only … but also /
not only … but … as well
не только … , но также
as well as
так же, как и
both … and
как … так и
either … or
или … или
neither … nor
ни … ни
Противопоставление Результат
although / (even) though (+ грам.основа)
хотя
even so
несмотря на это
moreover / what is more
более того
furthermore
к тому же
in addition to (+ дополн.)
в дополнение к
in addition
вдобавок
besides / apart from
кроме того
except / apart from
за исключением того, что
instead (of)
вместо
so
поэтому
so + прилаг./нареч. + that
такой … что
in spite of / despite (+ дополн.)
несмотря на
while / whereas
тогда как
however
однако
nevertheless / still / yet
тем не менее
otherwise / or else
иначе; в противном случае
no matter what (how, when)
что бы ни (как бы ни, когда бы ни)
such + (прилаг.) + существ. + that
такой … что
that is why
вот почему
therefore
по этой причине
thus
таким образом
as a result
в результате
consequently / as a consequence
следовательно
169
Причина Цель
as / since / for
так как
because (+ грам.основа)
потому что
because of (+ дополн.)
из-за
due to / owing to (+ дополн.)
из-за; благодаря
so that (+ грам.основа)
чтобы
so as (not) to (+ инфинитив)
чтобы (не)
in order that (+ грам.основа)
для того, чтобы
in order (not) to (+ инфинитив)
для того, чтобы (не)
1. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. … I entered the supermarket, I realised I’d left my wallet at home.
a. As well as b. As soon as c. As long as d. So as
2. … playing his best, Stefan didn’t make it to the final.
a. As b. Because c. Despite d. Although
3. Emma speaks Spanish … she were a native speaker.
a. as if b. if c. even if d. if only
4. You can’t stop or even control your worrying, … hard you try.
a. how b. whenever c. no matter d. however
5. My boyfriend knows he is damaging his health, … he continues to
smoke.
a. since b. that’s why c. yet d. otherwise
6. I do exercise every morning … to stay healthy.
a. so as b. so that c. due d. in addition
7. Please call me … you get this message.
a. while b. no sooner c. once d. as soon
8. Take out insurance when buying a smartphone … it gets damaged.
a. if b. in case c. unless d. so as not
9. … it was her first time in Barcelona, she says it was an experience of a
lifetime.
a. Though b. So c. As though d. In spite of
10. … it was a nice night, everyone decided to sleep outside of their tents
under the stars.
a. So as b. Since c. Because of d. So
11. … your permanent job, you may have other sources of income.
a. In addition to b. Not only c. As well d. Moreover
12. You cannot return a product to the shop … you have a receipt.
a. in case b. if c. as if d. unless
13. My username and password didn’t match. Resetting the password
didn’t work … .
a. too b. as well c. either d. also
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