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Файл:Английский язык без репетитора секреты успешной подготовки к тестированию
.pdf
стях и правилах употребления в речи. А тренировочные упражнения вы сможете найти в книгах «Английский язык: полный
курс подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену» и «Грамматика английского языка: готовимся к централизованному тестированию».
Выполняя задания на выбор предлогов, помните, что одно
и то же слово может употребляться с разными предлогами. Иногда разница в употреблении предлогов незначительна и возможны несколько вариантов (например, excited about / by / at –
взволнованный чем-то), но иногда от выбора предлога изменяется смысл (например, good for sb – полезный для кого-л., good
at sth – хорошо разбирающийся в чем-л.). Употребление предлога также зависит от выражения, в котором он используется.
Давайте разберем несколько текстов на употребление пред-
логов.
Текст 1
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов
ответа:
How long have you been sitting today? Maybe you sit to eat break-
fast, (1) … your desk, in the classroom, (2) … the car, (3) … the bus,
and in front of the TV in the evenings. It all adds (4) … . Sitting time
is a health risk with both long and short term impacts. To reduce your
risk of health problems, you need to be aware (5) … how much you
sit and try to move more throughout the day.
There are lots of ways for you to be more physically active and
less sedentary (6) … every day. You don’t have to do organised or
competitive physical activity to benefit. Social physical activity with
family and friends, or being active (7) … yourself, can also be fun and
is good (8) … you too. So, swap social media (9) … social outdoor
activity. Get real! Why not try meeting up with friends (10) … person
instead (11) … online? Choose activities you enjoy doing, and you will
be more likely to continue doing them. Be active every day (12) … as
many ways as you can!
1. a. on b. at c. to d. by e. in
2. a. by b. into c. in d. on e. at
3. a. in b. on c. by d. at e. up
4. a. out b. with c. off d. up e. on
5. a. of b. to c. about d. for e. with
6. a. for b. at c. – d. in e. on
7. a. in b. to c. on d. of e. by
8. a. to b. for c. of d. with e. at
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9. a. with b. over c. on d. to e. for
10. a. on b. by c. in d. at e. with
11. a. of b. from c. for d. off e. in
12. a. by b. at c. on d. in e. out of
Анализ текста 1
1 b – выражение to sit at a tesk – сидеть за партой, не на парте
(on), в парте (in) или рядом с партой (by). Предлог to – направление движения куда? – к парте.
2 с – выражение to sit in the car – сидеть в машине, внутри
небольшого пространства. Предлог by употребляется для обозначения способа передвижения: by car – (ехать) на машине. Словосочетание on the car обозначает «на поверхности машины»,
at the car – нахождение около машины, into the car – направле-
ние движения куда? – в машину.
3 b – выражение to sit on the bus – сидеть в автобусе, в об-
щественном транспорте. Сравните: by bus, но on a bus – наличие
артикля (a / the) перед общественным транспортом требует употребления предлога on.
4 d – фразовый глагол add up «складывать, суммировать».
Идиоматическое выражение: it all adds up «это все суммируется».
5 a – выражение to be aware of sth «знать о чем-л., быть
в курсе чего-л.». Не путайте с глаголом to know about sth «знать
о чем-л.».
6 с – словосочетания с местоимением every (каждый) не тре-
буют предлога: every day, every year и т.п.
7 e – словосочетание by yourself означает «в одиночку, без по-
сторонней помощи». Такое же значение имеет словосочетание
on your own.
8 b – по содержанию текста подходит выражение it’s good for
you – это (т.е. быть активным) полезно для вас. Сравните: it’s
good of you to do sth – это мило с вашей стороны сделать что-л.;
he’s good to you – он добр по отношению к вам; he’s good at = with
sth – он хорошо в чем-л. разбирается.
9 e – выражение to swap sth for sth «обменять что-то на
что-то». Сравните: to swap sth with sb «обмениваться чем-л.
с кем-л.».
10 с – выражение in person «лично».
11 a – составной предлог instead of sth «вместо чего-то».
12 d – выражение in many ways «по-разному, разными спо-
собами».
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Текст 2
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов
ответа:
Vietnam, one of the world’s last communist countries, is a land
rich (1) … natural beauty, delicious cuisine, and friendly locals. They
say that the best season to visit Vietnam is (2) … April and May when
the country receives the lowest amount of rainfall and there are fewer
tourists. So, (3) … this spring my parents and I went (4) … holiday to
Vietnam. Although it was my first journey (5) … air, I wasn’t scared
(6) … all as we were very well looked (7) … by the flight attendants.
Our tour guide collected us from the airport and we headed (8) …
Nha Trang, a coastal city famous (9) … having some of the freshest
seafood in Vietnam. After we checked (10) … at our hotel somewhere
(11) … the outskirts of Nha Trang, we went (12) … a swim in the pool.
The next day we set (13) … for Vinpearl Land. This amusement park,
located (14) … Hon Tre Island, is one of Vietnam’s most popular
playgrounds covering more than 200,000 square metres, including six
resorts, a water park, oceanarium and more. It was the holiday (15)
… a lifetime that I will never ever forget.
1. a. in b. of c. at d. by e. on
2. a. at b. to c. on d. for e. in
3. a. – b. in c. with d. on e. at
4. a. to b. on c. for d. in e. over
5. a. in b. up c. above d. by e. on
6. a. from b. of c. at d. for e. in
7. a. at b. for c. into d. forward e. after
8. a. for b. in c. at d. off e. by
9. a. about b. by c. for d. to e. of
10. a. out b. up c. in d. off e. on
11. a. by b. into c. between d. on e. at
12. a. on b. for c. to d. down e. by
13. a. up b. off c. away d. into e. on
14. a. on b. in c. at d. with e. into
15. a. at b. to c. for d. in e. of
Анализ текста 2
1 a – прилагательное rich употребляется с предлогом in – rich
in sth «богат чем-л.».
2 e – названия месяцев употребляются с предлогом in: in April.
3 а – словосочетания с местоимением this (этот) не требуют
предлога: this spring «этой весной», this year «в этом году» и т.п.
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4 b – выражение to go on holiday «поехать в отпуск».
5 d – словосочетание by air употребляется для обозначения
способа передвижения по воздуху, на самолете.
6 с – словосочетание at all «совсем» обычно употребляется
в отрицательных предложениях: wasn’t scared at all «совсем не
боялся».
7 е – по содержанию текста подходит фразовый глагол to look
after sb «ухаживать за кем-л.». Сравните: to look at sb «смотреть на
кого-то», to look for sb «искать кого-то», to look into sth «изучать
что-то», to look forward to sb «ждать кого-то с нетерпением».
8 а – выражение to head for a place – направляться куда-то.
9 c – прилагательное famous употребляется с предлогом for –
famous for sth «известный чем-л.».
10 с – фразовый глагол to check in «зарегистрироваться
(в отеле)».
11 d – словосочетание on the outskirts «на окраине».
12 b – выражение to go for a swim «пойти (для того, чтобы)
поплавать».
13 b – фразовый глагол to set off «отправиться (в путь)».
14 а – предлог on используется для обозначения нахождения
на острове – on Hon Tre Island.
15 e – словосочетание of a lifetime «неповторимый, уни-
кальный».
1. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
Do you remember the last time you had to follow (1) … a physical
map or write down the instructions (2) … how to reach (3) … a destination? Today, it has never been easier to navigate; no matter whether
it is close (4) … your home or (5) … a different continent. One of the
top navigation apps available (6) … the moment is Google Maps, the
online mapping service owned (7) … Google.
Google Maps stands (8) … thanks (9) … its user-friendly interface
and navigation features, but we bet that you don’t know about every
feature of this tool, (10) … instance, incognito mode, live view, saving your favorite locations, or sharing your location (11) … real-time.
(12) … 2020, Google Maps celebrated 15 years of helping people
across the globe navigate the world around them.
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1. a. to b. on c. for d. after e. –
2. a. for b. of c. in d. on e. about
3. a. in b. at c. – d. to e. for
4. a. at b. to c. by d. for e. from
5. a. on b. from c. at d. in e. to
6. a. to b. at c. for d. on e. in
7. a. with b. to c. by d. into e. at
8. a. by b. off c. up d. out e. over
9. a. for b. with c. – d. of e. to
10. a. in b. by c. on d. for e. at
11. a. at b. for c. in d. with e. on
12. a. Since b. In c. By d. On e. At
2. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
Contrary (1) … what many people believe, government offices are
very efficient work places. The managers of such offices are very keen
(2) … showing that everything works well, that the Head is pleased (3)
… everything and that the employees do a good job. Sometimes, (4)
… course, people can become too ambitious, like Mr Ginsbour, the
US ambassador (5) … a country in Latin America. Mr Ginsbour was
crazy (6) … punctuality. He got furious (7) … his subordinates even if
they were just a couple of minutes late (8) … work. “Whatever happens, you must be (9) … your workplace (10) … the scheduled time,”
he explained (11) … new employees (12) … the embassy.
1. a. of b. to c. for d. with e. from
2. a. for b. on c. at d. about e. of
3. a. with b. of c. on d. from e. for
4. a. in b. for c. of d. at e. on
5. a. at b. from c. with d. on e. to
6. a. from b. in c. of d. about e. with
7. a. on b. with c. for d. by e. of
8. a. at b. of c. on d. for e. into
9. a. in b. to c. at d. over e. on
10. a. on b. at c. of d. in e. up
11. a. to b. about c. for d. at e. –
12. a. by b. to c. off d. on e. at
3. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
I’ll say it loud and proud: I’m a loner, through and through. While
I like the idea of going (1) … and being social, when it comes (2) …
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it, it’s really just not for me. I’m happy in my little cave allowing me
to chill (3) … with some reading, music, or Netflix. With one click (4)
… my Seamless app, I can have pizza delivered (5) … me. So, most
days, I don’t really see the point (6) … leaving the house. I’ve come
(7) … some plausible reasons as to why I absolutely must stay (8) … .
Because sometimes, you really just don’t want to go out – and there’s
nothing wrong (9) … that! But as someone who works (10) … home,
I should probably leave once (11) … a while. I imagine that fresh air
would do me good and that the occasional social interaction (12) …
my friends might be nice.
1. a. on b. off c. away d. back e. out
2. a. of b. to c. from d. for e. at
3. a. up b. off c. on d. in e. out
4. a. in b. by c. for d. to e. on
5. a. for b. on c. to d. by e. over
6. a. in b. to c. on d. off e. at
7. a. in for b. out of c. over to d. up with e. down to
8. a. with b. in c. up d. on e. off
9. a. about b. of c. with d. for e. by
10. a. on b. from c. off d. in e. to
11. a. in b. at c. for d. to e. of
12. a. to b. of c. by d. with e. for
4. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
Instagram has recently expanded user access (1) … Instagram Di-
rect Messages via the web version of the app, enabling users to send
messages (2) … their friends and followers (3) … their desktop PCs.
Web DMs are especially convenient for people who use Instagram
all the time, like reporters, influencers, and social media managers.
It’s the easiest way to communicate privately (4) … the platform, especially if someone is trying to respond (5) … possibly hundreds of
messages (6) … a day. Even for non-power users, typing (7) … a laptop
keyboard is easier than typing (8) … their phone screen.
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said he wants to allow Face-
book, WhatsApp, and Instagram users to message (9) … each other,
regardless (10) … the platform they’re using. Now, everyone can access (11) … DMs via the desktop app. To check if you have it, head to
www.instagram.com and log in (12) … your Instagram account.
1. a. on b. for c. – d. to e. with
2. a. at b. by c. of d. – e. to
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3. a. off b. out of c. with d. from e. by
4. a. with b. in c. over d. at e. on
5. a. on b. for c. to d. by e. –
6. a. for b. – c. at d. on e. in
7. a. – b. by c. on d. at e. into
8. a. on b. in c. at d. by e. with
9. a. to b. up c. – d. on e. for
10. a. from b. of c. off d. to e. on
11. a. to b. with c. for d. – e. into
12. a. at b. for c. – d. in e. to
5. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
There’s quite a lot to take along if you want to make the most
(1) … your beach trip. Sunglasses, sunscreen and towel, phone, wallet… Beaches are all about relaxation and enjoyment. The last thing
you want is to be worrying (2) … your belongings. A waterproof bag
is a great option (3) … the beach as it protects your items (4) … water. Water-resistant cases are secure, easy to use, and last (5) … ages.
Since these bags are resistant (6) … damage from sand or dirt, you
can bury yours in the sand (7) … your towel. Snooze and swim (8) …
peace knowing that all your belongings are well hidden and not (9) …
risk of getting damaged. You can also ask someone who looks reliable
and trustworthy to keep an eye (10) … your belongings. Families with
kids are usually a safe bet. You can always pay (11) … them back by
returning the favour. Remember though, no option is 100% safe. The
above options just help you reduce the risk (12) … losing your items,
but the risk is always there.
1. a. on b. in c. out of d. from e. of
2. a. of b. about c. on d. with e. for
3. a. to b. onto c. for d. in e. by
4. a. from b. at c. below d. off e. out of
5. a. in b. by c. on d. for e. at
6. a. for b. from c. with d. at e. to
7. a. below b. under c. down d. out of e. without
8. a. with b. on c. in d. to e. off
9. a. at b. in c. of d. under e. by
10. a. out b. for c. to d. on e. of
11. a. to b. by c. – d. off e. for
12. a. in b. of c. from d. with e. at
97
6. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
We live (1) … the digital age with smart phones, iPads and eRead-
ers. And I am one of those people who can’t imagine their life (2) …
being connected 24/7. (3) … T/these days, the smartphone has become more of a necessity than a luxury. Our smartphones keep (4)
… us sane because they’re an all-in-one solution (5) … our day-today problems. Texting and calling are two common ways (6) … which
people use their smartphones, but those certainly aren’t the only
ones. You can look (7) … information, stream music, take photos,
watch videos (8) … YouTube, or even watch full movies (9) … your
smartphone. Why buy an alarm clock when you can simply set an
alarm (10) … your phone? Why buy a watch when your phone has
a clock? Why buy a camera when your phone takes stunning photos?
Our smartphones give (11) … us everything we need to communicate
quickly, get (12) … the day, and entertain ourselves. It doesn’t get
much better than that.
1. a. in b. on c. between d. to e. at
2. a. off b. away c. from d. out of e. without
3. a. On b. At c. In d. To e. –
4. a. – b. from c. of d. with e. to
5. a. on b. to c. of d. for e. over
6. a. at b. of c. with d. in e. on
7. a. – b. to c. up d. for e. at
8. a. in b. off c. with d. from e. on
9. a. by b. from c. at d. out of e. off
10. a. on b. for c. up d. at e. by
11. a. to b. out c. – d. up e. for
12. a. over b. up c. on d. through e. with
7. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
‘Phubbing’ may not be part of your everyday vocabulary, but it’s
almost certainly part of your everyday life. The definition of ‘phubbing’, according (1) … slang authority Urban Dictionary, is ‘snubbing
(игнорировать) someone (2) … favour of your mobile phone’. Get
it? Phone + snubbing = phubbing. While it sounds like a decidedly
millennial thing to do, (3) … reality, pretty much everyone is guilty
(4) … it, and certainly not just in romantic situations. Examples (5)
… phubbing include last night when you mindlessly scrolled through
Instagram during dinner instead (6) … asking your S.O. (Significant
98
Other) about their day, that time your dad answered (7) … emails
in the corner (8) … place of interacting (9) … the family (10) …
Thanksgiving Day, and all those instances in which your little nephew
made it clear he would rather play games (11) … your iPhone than
communicate with you (12) … any manner.
1. a. for b. of c. to d. by e. with
2. a. on b. in c. for d. with e. at
3. a. by b. on c. at d. from e. in
4. a. of b. for c. in d. at e. with
5. a. off b. to c. about d. of e. for
6. a. by b. of c. from d. for e. off
7. a. to b. about c. – d. out e. on
8. a. in b. with c. on d. at e. to
9. a. – b. to c. for d. about e. with
10. a. at b. on c. of d. for e. in
11. a. with b. in c. at d. on e. to
12. a. on b. to c. in d. with e. at
8. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
Too much salt can cause raised blood pressure, which increases
the risk (1) … heart disease and stroke. The following tips can help
you cut down (2) … salt.
Around 75% of the salt we eat is already (3) … everyday foods
such as bread, breakfast cereal and ready meals. Remember, whether
you’re eating at home, cooking or eating (4) … , don’t add salt (5)
… your food automatically – taste it first. Rather than add salt when
you cook, use lemon juice, garlic, vinegar, or herbs and spices. Many
people add salt (6) … habit, but it’s often unnecessary and your food
will taste good (7) … it.
The good news is you don’t have to cut out all salt (8) … once.
If you reduce gradually, your tastebuds will adjust (9) … only a few
weeks. You’ll be amazed (10) … how quickly you get used (11) … the
taste and notice all the other flavours that salt was hiding. You’ll find
you don’t enjoy salty foods like you used to, and it’s a great chance
to experiment (12) … different flavours.
1. a. of b. at c. from d. to e. into
2. a. from b. with c. off d. for e. on
3. a. on b. in c. by d. at e. under
4. a. off b. away c. without d. out e. down
5. a. for b. up c. to d. on e. with
99
6. a. under b. out of c. from d. off e. for
7. a. off b. by c. down d. without e. out of
8. a. at b. on c. in d. by e. for
9. a. on b. from c. by d. to e. in
10. a. about b. with c. at d. in e. from
11. a. for b. to c. into d. on e. by
12. a. with b. about c. for d. at e. in
9. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариан-
тов ответа:
Google Duplex is a new project from Google that allows (1) …
users to make a restaurant reservation (2) … phone. Instead of the
user speaking directly (3) … the restaurant employee, Google Duplex,
(4) … the help of Google Assistant, speaks for the user. It does this
with an Artificial Intelligence-based, but human-sounding, voice.
Duplex was first demonstrated (5) … Google’s annual I/O deve-
loper conference (6) … May 8, 2018. Many people were surprised (7)
… how lifelike Duplex sounded, partly because it used responses like
“uh-huh” and “mmm”, but also because it had the ability to respond
with the correct answers (8) … some questions.
(9) … the moment, you can use Duplex to book a table (10) …
a restaurant or purchase movie tickets online. To do this, you must
use Google Assistant (11) … English. For now, this feature doesn’t
work (12) … certain locations.
1. a. to b. – c. for d. of e. from
2. a. on b. by c. from d. with e. at
3. a. at b. up c. to d. on e. by
4. a. with b. on c. by d. for e. under
5. a. on b. by c. in d. to e. at
6. a. at b. in c. after d. on e. of
7. a. of b. from c. at d. in e. with
8. a. to b. on c. – d. for e. at
9. a. On b. At c. In d. To e. For
10. a. for b. into c. from d. at e. on
11. a. at b. by c. with d. on e. in
12. a. in b. from c. on d. away e. of
10. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вари-
антов ответа:
Being a successful blogger and making a lot of money (1) … the
Internet is one of the dreams of many people today. When most people
think of a blogger, they picture a person sitting (2) … the beach with
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