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Файл:Английский язык без репетитора секреты успешной подготовки к тестированию
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8. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the там,
где это необходимо:
Located at the China-Nepal border, (1) … Mount Everest has (2)
… altitude of 8,848 metres. It is (3) … highest point on the planet and
(4) … particularly desirable peak for mountaineers. (5) … first person
to reach its top was Sir Edmund Hillary in (6) … early 1950s. Since
then, going on an expedition there has been (7) … highlight of many
climbers’ careers.
(8) … most dangerous part of the climb is called (9) … Death
Zone, about 8000 metres above (10) … sea level, where (11) … air is
so thin that the progress is painfully slow. Climbers can only concentrate on moving up one step at (12) … time as the lack of oxygen affects the brain and muscles so much that thinking and moving become
very difficult indeed.
Many climbers still don’t make it back alive from their attempt to
climb (13) … mountain. Those who do succeed can expect to suffer
from (14) … very sore throat and cough, but they inevitably think it is
worth it for (15) … satisfaction of standing on top of the world.
9. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the там,
где это необходимо:
Instagram it, or it didn’t happen. This is like the modern equivalent of the old philosophical brain teaser: ‘If (1) … tree falls in a forest
and nobody’s there to see it, does it make (2) … sound?’
Today many of us document everything we do online. We take (3)
… picture, make it look a little bit better than it actually did and watch
(4) … likes rack up. According to the Office for National Statistics,
(5) … UK has the highest number of (6) … social media users in (7)
… EU, the majority of them being in (8) … South East.
While adults make up (9) … largest portion of the total number
of Facebook users, teenagers prefer Instagram, (10) … photo-sharing
app and (11) … social network. It’s like Twitter with followers, only
instead of (12) … real-time text updates, you provide photo updates
about what you’re doing, where you’re going and what you’re thinking
or feeling. As of (13) … Desember 2020, (14) … most-followed person
was footballer Cristiano Ronaldo with about 245 million followers. (15)
… United States heads the ranking with 140 million Instagrammers.
10. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the
там, где это необходимо:
Have you ever felt uncomfortable when someone stands too close?
Most people have (1) … certain distance, called ‘personal space’,
which they like to keep from others, depending on the relationship.
131
Living in (2) … cities has made people develop (3) … new skills for
dealing with situations where they are very close to (4) … strangers.
(5) … Most people on (6) … public transport try not to look at each
other, they avoid (7) … skin contact and apologise if hands touch by
(8) … mistake. People use their smartphones, books or newspapers as
(9) … barrier between them and others and if they do not have one of
these, they stare into (10) … distance, making sure they are not looking into anyone’s eyes.
Personal space varies widely between countries. Romanians, on
(11) … average, like to keep 140 cm between them and (12) … stranger while Ukrainians are happiest keeping their distance at only 40 cm.
From what scientists can tell, people in (13) … South America, in
(14) … general, require less personal space than people from (15)
… Asia.
11. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the
там, где это необходимо:
The coronavirus has forced many people to work from (1) …
home, juggling (2) … professional and personal responsibilities from
(3) … same space. Keeping (4) … eye on the kids during this time
can be a lot to handle, so many parents are turning to technology to
keep them busy.
But how much screen time is too much? “If you can limit your
child’s screen time to two-hour chunks at (5) … time, that’s ideal,”
said Titania Jordan, the chief parenting officer. Jordan doesn’t mean
two hours (6) … day, because that’s not realistic given the amount of
(7) … time we are cooped up inside during (8) … pandemic. It’s best
to do two hours of screen time in (9) … morning, afternoon and at
(10) … night with (11) … other activities in (12) … between. (13) …
biggest concern with too much screen time is a child’s health.
She says while we are in this unprecedented time it’s important for
parents not to be too hard on themselves. “Give yourself (14) … grace
(передышка). Take (15) … deep breath. Just give your kids as much
variety as you can. But above all, are they fed? Are they clothed? Are
they safe? Are they loved? Then you’re doing your best.”
12. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the
там, где это необходимо:
Why are (1) … British famous for talking about the weather? (2)
… reason is that (3) … most British people feel it’s rude to ask (4) …
personal questions when you don’t know someone very well. This is
why they often choose (5) … ‘safe’ topics, like the weather. This fact
132
can give (6) … British people the reputation for being ‘cold’ or uninterested in you. But this isn’t necessarily the case.
On (7) … other hand, many Americans value (8) … openness and
equality. This means that they feel very comfortable sharing (9) … personal information. As (10) … result, you may find yourself talking to
a stranger in (11) … USA about topics you would never share with
(12) … people you don’t know in your own country. This may feel
like Americans are too familiar. They’re not, they’re just trying to be
friendly.
These differences can be confusing but (13) … thing to remember
is that (14) … people’s behaviour is generally positive, even if it seems
strange. If you’re not sure why someone is being over-friendly or not
being sociable enough, remember that it’s because of the way they
show (15) … politeness in their culture.
13. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the
там, где это необходимо:
When young people want some quick cash, they immediately think
of (1) … babysitting job. Sitting around playing (2) … games, watching
(3) … cartoon on TV, and reading a book seems like (4) … easy way
to make some money. They imagine putting (5) … well-behaved child
to (6) … bed at 9 o’clock in (7) … evening and then relaxing on the
sofa until (8) … parents come home. They couldn’t be more wrong!
(9) … truth is that whether or not babysitting is easy depends (10) …
lot on you.
On (11) … Sundays, I work as (12) … babysitter for (13) … family
with two young boys. While (14) … boys are usually polite and calm,
at (15) … times they like fighting, screaming and shouting for no real
reason! Sometimes they really test my patience. Babysitting requires
(16) … flexibility. I have to be (17) … friend while playing with them,
but (18) … teacher when they fight with each other over (19) … silly
things like sharing their toys. So, every Sunday is like (20) … adventure for me, but I always look forward to it.
14. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the
там, где это необходимо:
Today I woke up at around nine o’clock in (1) … morning. I made
(2) … cup of black coffee for my wife and put it on (3) … dressing
table next to her bed. I go through this ritual only at weekends. On
(4) … weekdays, I have to get up much earlier to take our children to
(5) … school. I drop them off outside (6) … school which is on (7) …
Madison Avenue, and then go straight to (8) … work.
133
As I work in (9) … office in the city centre, I always have difficulty finding (10) … parking space. You know, I’m sick and tired of
(11) … city traffic and the pollution – I grew up in the country, close
to (12) … nature and I’ve never got used to living in the city. I think
(13) … only thing I would miss about living in (14) … big city like
this is going to (15) … concerts of all kinds as I’m (16) … keen pop
music fan. I also enjoy (17) … exotic food and at (18) … times we go
out with our friends and have (19) … dinner in a nice restaurant, but
(20) … most of the time we eat at home, where the food is extremely
delicious – except when I make it!
15. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the
там, где это необходимо:
Pet owners continue to identify with their four-legged pets or treat
them like (1) … real children. (2) … former celebrity hair stylist created her own line of wigs for dogs in (3) … variety of styles. Gucci
launched (4) … doggy backpack. (5) … New York City played host to
a Pet Fashion Week, complete with (6) … canine runway models. The
pet fashion today is (7) … fast growing multi-million dollar industry,
and more and more pet owners have taken to buying clothing and
accessories from (8) … designer brands.
Now your dog can keep up with (9) … latest fashions in (10) …
sportswear, evening wear, or pyjamas. And if an entire outfit is (11) …
bit too much, take (12) … look at the collar bandanas that come in
multiple sizes. You can also buy (13) … hat or jewellery that goes with
your dog’s eyes. (14) … Sunglasses for dogs are also on (15) … sale if
you prefer your dog to be anonymous. Don’t have (16) … dog? How
about (17) … collar for your cat that lights up in (18) … dark? It will
certainly help if your pet gets lost at (19) … night.
Don’t be surprised if in (20) … near future you’ll see dogs dressed
better than you!
16. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the
там, где это необходимо:
After visiting a few huge cities around the world, we felt like seeing (1) … most famous location in (2) … North America, (3) … Big
Apple. We opted for Radio City Apartments, located on (4) … 49th
Street which is only (5) … couple of minutes from both (6) … Times
Square and (7) … Rockefeller Centre.
There is so much to do in New York, so it’s worth getting a New
York Pass where you purchase a number of (8) … attractions as one
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ticket which in (9) … general is a lot cheaper than buying entry into
each attraction individually.
We were in New York City for 5 days and wanted to take (10) …
advantage of every single minute, actually we wanted to make (11)
… most of every single second. We managed to walk across (12) …
Brooklyn Bridge and catch (13) … glimpse of (14) … Statue of Liberty, go to the top of (15) … Empire State Building and see (16) …
Broadway musical. Besides, we went on (17) … horse drawn carriage
ride through (18) … Central Park, bought a lot of great fashions in
(19) … Macy’s and visited (20) … Museum of Modern Art.
You just have to experience this incredible city first hand!
17. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the
там, где это необходимо:
Amid growing coronavirus tensions across (1) … globe, (2) …
Harvard Medical School, a leading medical school in (3) … US, has
urged all students to perform yoga to fight against the deadly coronavirus. (4) … School recently issued its health guideline that yoga, (5)
… meditation and controlled breathing are “some tried and true ways
to relax”.
Yoga is (6) … ancient physical, mental and spiritual practice that
originated in (7) … India. (8) … word ‘yoga’ derives from Sanskrit
and means to join or to unite, symbolizing (9) … union of body and
consciousness. Yoga is regarded as one of (10) … best therapies to
deal with (11) … anxiety. It reduces (12) … stress levels, lowers blood
pressure, improves lung capacity and in this way can lower (13) … risk
of coronavirus disease.
It was (14) … Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi who promoted the virtual importance of yoga in India. In 2014, he offered
(15) … United Nations to celebrate ‘June 21’ as (16) … International
Day of Yoga since it is the summer solstice, that is, (17) … longest day
of the year in (18) … Northern Hemisphere.
Today yoga is practiced in (19) … various forms around the world
and continues to grow in (20) … popularity.
18. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the
там, где это необходимо:
Potatoes are (1) … second most-eaten food on the planet (after
rice). Some like (2) … mashed potatoes, while (3) … others would
rather have French fries. For many people, though, nothing beats
crunchy potato crisps. It’s hard to believe but this snack food was
created completely by (4) … accident.
135
There is (5) … long-standing story that crisps were invented in
(6) … 1853 by George Crum, a chef at (7) … American restaurant.
One summer day, Crum wanted to silence (8) … choosy diner who
complained that his fried potatoes were too thick and oily. Crum cut
wafer-thin slices of potato, cooked them in oil until crisp, added (9)
… rather generous amount of (10) … salt, and sent them out to (11)
… fussy customer to teach him (12) … lesson. The customer tried one,
liked (13) … taste – or at (14) … least so the legend goes – and went
on to eat them all. To Crum’s surprise, the dish intended as (15) …
prank ended up being a hit.
In (16) … year 2006, the British Heart foundation warned that
eating (17) … packet of crisps a day – as many school children do –
was the equivalent of drinking five litres of (18) … cooking oil a year.
Needless to say, crisps should be kept as (19) … treat rather than (20)
… staple part of our diets.
19. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the
там, где это необходимо:
The Great Wall of China is (1) … must-see attraction to all travellers to China. 2,300 years ago (2) … first sections of the wall were
built to keep invaders out, but ironically it is now rebuilt to draw (3)
… tourists in. The Great Wall actually consists of numerous walls built
across (4) … northern China and (5) … southern Mongolia. It is approximately 6000 km long. If all the fortified walls that were built by
the different dynasties and kingdoms around China are included, (6)
… total length would exceed 20,000 kilometers.
Unfortunately, (7) … most of the original wall no longer exists.
Over the centuries each dynasty maintained and developed the wall.
During (8) … Ming dynasty (1368-1644) the wall was repaired and
extended and took on (9) … appearance it has today, with a complex
system of (10) … forts and towers. The Great Wall of China is now
(11) … famous UNESCO World Heritage Site visited by more than 10
million tourists (12) … year.
There’s a popular myth that the Great Wall of China is (13) …
only human-made object visible from (14) … Moon. According to
NASA, it’s really difficult, if not impossible, to see the Great Wall
from (15) … space with the unaided eye. The Wall is mostly grey stone
in a grey landscape and, in fact, is very difficult to see even from an
airplane flying at a mere 15 kilometers above.
136
20. Дополните рассказ. Используйте артикли a / an или the
там, где это необходимо:
Benjamin Franklin famously said, “By failing to prepare, you are
preparing to fail”. It’s definitely (1) … good advice for any student.
Here are a few guidelines for you to use as (2) … practical reference.
• Start early with revision. Don’t leave it until (3) … last minute.
While some students really thrive on (4) … last-minute cramming, this is not (5) … best way to approach an exam.
• You will be able to work better if you eat (6) … healthy diet and
get enough sleep. Surviving on (7) … junk food is not (8) …
good idea.
• They say that variety is (9) … spice of life, and it certainly helps
to improve your preparation. Always doing (10) … same thing is
quite dull. Spice up your revision period by trying (11) … different exercises and techniques.
• You cannot work solidly for 8 hours. One and (12) … half hours
is likely to be your limit before you need (13) … break. Periodically, take 10 minutes to go and get (14) … drink and walk
around a bit.
• Get your hands on any old exam papers and familiarise yourself
with (15) … structure and format.
• (16) … night before the exam, look over your notes and review
what you have done. Try to get (17) … good night’s sleep, and
give yourself enough time to get to the exam without rushing.
As you get more experienced in taking exams, you will find (18)
… ways that work best for you. In (19) … meantime, these tips should
give you (20) … good starting point for study.
Good luck!
137
Задания на проверку имен существительных связаны с образованием множественного числа существительных, особенностями согласования подлежащего и сказуемого в числе, а также с употреблением притяжательного падежа. Это могут быть
задания на выбор из нескольких предложенных вариантов ответа либо на нахождение ошибки в подчеркнутом фрагменте. Задание на словообразование также может содержать существительное, которое необходимо употребить в форме единственного или множественного числа.
Множественное число существительных
Способ образования Примеры
1. согласная буква + -s
2. гласная буква + -s idea – ideas
3. непроизносимая
e + -s
4. -s, -ss, -x, -z, -sh,
-ch, -tch + -es
5. гласная буква + -y
+ -s
6. согласная буква
+ -y → -ies
7. гласная буква + -o
+ -s
8. coгласная буква
+ -o + -es
9. -f / -fe + -s
dream – dreams
car – cars
sea – seas
place – places
house – houses
box – boxes
church – churches
quiz – quizzes
day – days
boy – boys
party – parties
baby – babies
radio – radios
zoo – zoos
hero – heroes
echo – echoes
tomato – tomatoes
roof – roofs
safe – safes
chief – chiefs
month – months
VIP – VIPs
taxi – taxis
alibi – alibis
employee – employees
tie – ties
Но:
monarchs
patriarchs
ray – rays
key – keys
Но:
Februarys
Kennedys
tattoo – tattoos
portfolio – portfolios
Но:
kilos
photos
logos
-f / -fe → -ves
half – halves
knife – knives
leaf – leaves
life – lives
discos
euros
pianos
shelf – shelves
thief – thieves
wife – wives
wolf – wolves
138
Способ образования Примеры
10. изменение корня
слова или всего слова
11. сложные слова общее правило
12. слова с одинаковой формой в ед. и
мн. числе
man – men
woman – women
child – children
person – people
man / woman + сущ. man-servant – mEn-servantS
существительное +
предлог +
существительное
существительное
на ER + предлог
aircraft (самолет)
crossroads (перекресток)
deer (олень)
means (средство)
goose – geese
tooth – teeth
foot – feet
mouse – mice
forget-me-not – forget-me-notS
boyfriend – boyfriendS
woman-writer – womEnwriterS
Ср: policeman – policemEn
mother-in-law – motherS-
in-law
editor-in-chief – editorS-inchief
passER-by – passerS-by
Ср: grown-up – grown-upS
series (серия)
sheep (овца)
species (вид)
works (завод)
В английском языке есть большое количество существительных, которые упот ребляются только в форме единственного числа. Это неисчисляемые существительные, обозначающие
назва ния веществ и абстрактных понятий. Неисчисляемые существительные согласу ются с глаголами в единственном числе
и не употребляются с неопределенным артиклем a / an.
Обратите внимание, что в английском языке следующие
существительные являются неисчисляемыми и употребляют-
ся только в единственном числе (глаголы, следующие за ними,
должны иметь форму единственного числа):
advice
applause
billiards
cash
chess
equipment
evidence
furniture
gossip
hair
insurance
jewellery
knowledge
lightning
money
news
parking
perfume
research
success
sunburn
trouble
weather
work
139
В английском языке ряд существительных не имеет формы
единственного числа и употребляется только во множественном
числе (глаголы, следующие за ними, должны иметь форму множественного числа). К таким существительным относятся:
парные предметы собирательное значение
binoculars
glasses
headphones
jeans
pyjamas
scales
scissors
shorts
trousers
clothes
congratulations
fireworks
outskirts
people
police
stairs
thanks
traffic lights
Глагол-сказуемое согласуется в числе с существи тельным,
выполняющим в предложении функцию под лежащего. Необходимо запомнить следующие случаи согласования глаголасказуемого с некоторыми словами и словосочетаниями, выполняющими в предложении функцию подлежащего.
Число
глагола
ед.ч.
мн.ч.
ед.ч.
мн.ч.
ед.ч.
мн.ч.
140
Примеры
there is / there are
There is a woman and some men in the room.
There are some men and a woman in the room.
There are a number of courses available for beginners.
There were over a dozen guests at the party.
a number / the number
The number of problems is constantly increasing.
A (large, great, small, limited) number of scientists study climate
change.
majority / minority
The majority is always right.
The majority of credit card users make their payments online.
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