Павлова Г.Б. Английский язык. Практический курс. Ч. 1

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11.“Where can I find a good job with plenty of money and no work?” “_______.”

12.“Mary‟s here.” “I don‟t want to see _______.”

13.They‟re a very loving couple. They go _______ together.

14.“Is _______ all right?” “Yes, thanks – no problem.”

15.I can‟t understand _______ she says – not a word.

§7. Местоимения many, much,

(a)few, (a) little

Местоимения much и many употребляются главным образом в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях.

В утвердительных предложениях much и many употребляются только в тех случаях, когда они определяются словами very (очень), rather (довольно), too (слишком), so (так), as (так), how (как) или когда служат определением к подлежащему.

Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски определителями, данными в скобках.

1.She speaks _______ English, but she doesn‟t speak _______ French.

(a lot of / much)

2.He didn‟t sell very _______ books. That‟s why he never made _______

money. (much / many)

3.There weren‟t _______ trains to Birmingham, but there were _______

buses. (plenty of / many)

4.Very _______ people could manage to live on so _______ money. (few / little)

5.There‟s _______ work to do, so we haven‟t _______ time to spare. (a lot of / much)

6.If you can spare me _______ time, I‟d like to make _______ suggestions. (a few / a little)

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7.He spends so _______ time playing football that he has _______ time for anything else. (little / much)

8.There are _______ cars in the city center at rush hour, but very _______

late at night. (few / a large number of)

9.Can you turn down the TV? It‟s too _______ loud. (little / much)

10.How _______ languages can you speak? (many / a great many)

Упражнение 2. Заполните пропуски местоимениями little или few.

1.He is very successful even though he has very _______ education.

2._______ people really understood what the lecture was about.

3.Diana tried but she was very _______ help.

4.He made so _______ mistakes that he came top in the exam.

5.I can‟t do much I‟m afraid. I have so _______ time.

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски местоимениями a little

или a few.

1.Would you like _______ cake?

2.Would you like _______ apples?

3.I have to see _______ people this afternoon.

4.Could you give me _______ help?

5.I don‟t know the answer, but I‟ve got _______ ideas.

Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски одним из следующих ме-

стоимений: very few, a few, very little,

alittle.

1.There are lots of boys in our class, but _______ girls.

2.He‟s an expert on languages, but he knows _______ about mathematics.

3.There are lots of cinemas in towns as well as _______ good theaters.

4.I took plenty of sugar but _______ milk.

5.When I‟m busy, I always do _______ work before breakfast.

6.I come home so tired that I can do _______ work in the evenings.

7.Lack is very helpful. He‟s sure to have _______ good ideas.

8.Lack is usually very helpful but he had _______ advice for us this time.

9._______ unskilled jobs are well paid, but not very many.

10.I was tired and hungry, but fortunately I had _______ money left.

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§ 8. Множественное число имени существительного

Множественное число английских существительных об-

разуется с помощью суффикса –s (-es).

Орфографические изменения:

a robbery (грабеж) – robberies a thief (вор) – thieves

Запомните:

a man (человек, мужчина) – men (люди, мужчины)

a woman (женщина) – women ['wimin] (женщины) a child (ребенок) – children (дети)

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте данные ниже существительные и заполните ими таблицу, распределив их по способу произношения суффикса множественного числа –s (-es).

Plans, cabs, plants, jeans, pages, wives, offices, streets, towns, keys, texts, matches, friends, groups, reports, dishes, girls, churches, ladies, flats.

Упражнение 2. Поставьте следующие слова и группы слов 1) в форму множественного числа:

2) в форму единственного числа:

her little children; their best friends; those people; these knives; your countries; these judges; policemen; these women; all computers; clever men; his keys; our classes; all her victories; some parties.

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Упражнение 3. Перефразируйте предложения, поставив существительные в форму множественного числа.

1.A train is much quicker than a bus.

2.A lion is a dangerous animal.

3.A lawyer generally earns more than a teacher.

4.A computer is an expensive piece of equipment.

5.A student has to work hard.

6.A cat is supposed to have nine lives.

7.A bus is the best way of getting into town.

8.A woman tends to live longer than a man.

9.A policeman only does what he is told.

10.A good book helps to pass the time.

Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски одной из двух форм существительных, данных в скобках.

1.The _______ stops right outside our house. (bus / buses)

2.The _______ were waiting for me. (child / children)

3.The _______ are on the cupboard. (dish / dishes)

4.The _______ is full. (box / boxes)

5.Do you know the _______ that lives next door? (man / men)

6.The _______ who were here have gone home. (person / people)

7.She has read every _______ on the subject. (book / books)

8.Do you know the _______ that delivers the newspapers? (boy / boys)

9.The _______ has been parked over there. (car / cars)

10.Those _______ are not suitable for children. (film / films)

Упражнение 5. Выберите правильные формы глаголов из данных в скобках.

1.The children _______ getting ready for school. (is / are)

2.My brother _______ in the army. (is / are)

3.The books we bought _______ very expensive. (was / were)

4.Did you notice the picture that _______ hanging on the wall? (was / were)

5.The young man you met _______ to college with my sister. (go / goes)

6.The letters you posted _______ wrongly addressed. (was / were)

7.The woman they were meeting _______ telephoned to say she can‟t come. (has / have)

8.Bigger cars _______ more. (cost / costs)

9.Mary and Peter, the couple I met last week, _______ invited us to dinner. (has / have)

10.I thought more people _______ coming. (was / were)

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§ 9. Притяжательный падеж

Существительные в притяжательном падеже имеют

окончание 's (т.е. знак апостроф и буква «s»), а во множественном числе – только апостроф. Существительное в притяжательном падеже отвечает на вопрос чей? Сочетание существительного в притяжательном падеже и существительного в общем падеже называется притяжательной конструкцией.

В форме притяжательного падежа употребляются существительные одушевлѐнные:

the teacher's answer – ответ учителя

my parents‟ car – машина моих родителей

Кроме существительных одушевленных, форму притяжательного падежа имеют существительные, обозначающие страны, города, организации, суда, а также существительные, обозначающие период времени:

Moscow‟s museums – музеи Москвы

the government‟s intentions – намерения правительства yesterday‟s news – вчерашние новости

С остальными неодушевленными существительными, как правило, употребляется предлог of:

libraries of our Institute – библиотеки нашего института the result of the match – результат матча

Упражнение 1. Прочтите и переведите следующие группы слов:

1.that man, the age, that man s age

2.these people, their life, these people s life

3.those women, the work, those women s work

4.this child, the name, this child s name

5.this cadet, the mark, this cadet s mark

6.my friend, the request, my friend s request

7.that professor, his opinion, that professor s opinion

8.your friend, his hobby, your friend‟s hobby

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Упражнение 2. Переведите на английский язык данные ниже словосочетания в форме притяжательной конструкции:

5.имена курсантов (the names, the cadets)

6.адрес адвоката (the address, the lawyer)

Упражнение 3. Закончите предложения с помощью слов, данных в скобках. Используйте, где это возможно, притяжательную конструкцию, а в остальных случаях – конструкцию с предлогом of.

1.Have you seen _______? (the new film | Steven Spielberg)

2.We met Sue and Frank at _______. (the party | Sarah)

3.My flat is on _______. (the top floor | the house)

4.The bus crashed into _______. (the back | my car)

5.We heard the news from _______. (a friend | the woman who works in the post office)

6.There is a hospital at _______. (the end | this road)

7.I‟ve spoken to _______. (the parents | the girls)

8.The police want to interview _______. (the manager | the Black Cat Club)

9.On Saturday they are having _______. (a party | children)

10.Write your name at _______. (the top | the page)

Упражнение 4. Объедините два предложения в одно, используя притяжательную конструкцию.

1.Lucy has got a daughter. Her daughter is fair. Lucy’s daughter is fair.

2.My sons have got pens. The pens are in their bags.

3.Eric has got a son. His son is fourteen.

4.My daughters have got a teacher. She is Canadian.

5.My father has got a sister. She is an artist.

6.Alice has got a doctor. He is not very intelligent.

7.My students have got books. Their books are on the table.

8.Dr Wagner has got two brothers. They are doctors too.

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Упражнение 5. Составьте предложения, используя притяжательную конструкцию, указав степень родства людей, изображенных на рисунке.

John = Daisy

Упражнение 6. Определите, что обозначает «‟s» в предложе-

ниях: is, his или her.

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§ 10. Предлоги, соответствующие русским падежам

В современном английском языке есть только два падежа – общий и притяжательный. Существительные в общем падеже не имеют падежных окончаний. Для выражения падежных окончаний перед существительными употребляются предлоги of, to, by, with, about.

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Упражнение 2. Заполните пропуски предлогами of, to, with, by, about.

1.The man was quite short, _______ dark hair and a small beard.

2.Vicky paid money _______ the cashier.

3.Nobody knows the reason ______ his decision.

4.London is a large city ______ a population of over 9 million.

5.Let me read the news _______ you.

6.The building is an example ______ good modern architecture.

7.I‟d like to pay _______ credit card.

8.See a good dictionary to find more information _______ this word.

9.Have you got a photograph ______ your family?

10.Where are the answers ______ the exercise?

11.The book, Gone With the Wind, was written _______ Margaret Mitchell.

12.I never dream _______ money. Money can‟t buy happiness.

Сравните употребление предлогов в сочетаниях:

§ 11. Предлоги места и направления

Предлоги места

Употребляются с обстоятельствами места, отвечающими на вопрос «где?».

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3. у, на, в (в чьем-либо доме или по какому-либо адресу; в пункте назначения)

at Jane‟s (house) –

у Джейн (дома)

at 25 Shirley Road – на

улице Ширли Роуд, 25

The train stops at York.

– Поезд останавливается в Йорке.

Устойчивые сочетания с предлогами места in, on, at

Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски предлогами in и at в сочетании с существи-

тельными the station, the island, the theater, the zoo, the petrol station, the next garage, the window, the restaurant, mountains, the stadium.

1.There‟s a huge crowd _______ waiting for the Games to start.

2.Sarah has just rung. She‟s _______ getting some petrol.

3.The children like wild animals. They‟d love to spend an afternoon

_______.

4.It was so hot _______ that I didn‟t really enjoy the play.

5.We‟re quite a large group. There may not be enough room _______ for all of us to sit together.

6.I saw David while I was _______ waiting for a train.

7.There‟s something wrong with the car. You‟d better stop _______.

8.There‟s nobody living _______. It is uninhabited.

9.Last year we had a wonderful skiing holiday _______.

10.He spends most of the day sitting _______ and looking outside.