Павлова Г.Б. Английский язык. Практический курс. Ч. 1

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РАЗДЕЛ II

Личные местоимения (§ 1) Притяжательные местоимения (§ 2) Возвратно-усилительные местоимения (§ 3) Указательные местоимения (§ 4) Неопределенные местоимения (§ 5)

Производные от some, any, every, no (§ 6) Местоимения many, much, (a) few, (a) little (§ 7)

Множественное число имени существительного (§ 8) Притяжательный падеж (§ 9)

Предлоги, соответствующие русским падежам (§ 10) Предлоги места и направления (§ 11)

Предлоги времени in, on, at (§ 12)

Предлоги времени from, till, during, for, past, to (§ 13)

Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий (§ 14) Глагол to be (§ 15)

Глагол to have (§ 16)

Таблица неправильных (нестандартных) глаголов Числительные

Word-Building (Словообразование)

§ 1. Личные местоимения

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Местоимение I пишется всегда с прописной буквы.

you переводится ты или вы в зависимости от

Местоимения he и she заменяют существительные, обозначающие людей (в некоторых случаях животных) соответствующего пола.

Местоимение it заменяет все остальные существительные и переводится он, она, оно в зависимости от рода существительного в русском языке.

Личные местоимения в именительном падеже выполняют в предложении функцию подлежащего, в объектном падеже – дополнения (прямого или косвенного).

Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски следующими именами людей: Mr Brown, Mr and Mrs Jackson, Mary, Tom and Jane, John.

1.I spoke to _______________ yesterday. He said he‟d call me back.

2._______________ says she‟ll meet you tomorrow.

3._________________ said we should meet them at their house.

4.Good morning, sir. Good morning, madam. You must be

_________________________. The room is ready for you.

5.____________ is feeling much better. I spoke to him in the hospital this morning.

Упражнение 2. Замените подлежащее личными местоимениями в именительном падеже.

1.My friend Alice and I are tall.

2.Eric and George are very good-looking.

3.Susan is a doctor.

4.My father and I are fair.

5.My children are quite intelligent.

6.Eric is very slim.

7.Andrew is not very tall.

8.Johan and Philip are tall and dark.

9.Mr and Mrs Carter are American.

10.You and your brother are engineers, aren‟t you?

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильные формы местоимений:

1.We met Tom yesterday afternoon. He / Him came to the cinema with we / us.

2.I / Me phoned Mary last night and gave she / her the message.

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3.My brother is older than I / me, but he / him isn‟t as tall as I / me am.

4.She / Her saw they / them this morning. They / Them were going to the club.

5.We / Us want to ask you to help we / us.

6.Alice wants to talk to her husband, but _______ doesn‟t want to talk to

_______.

Упражнение 4. Восстановите пропущенные местоимения:

1.John took the book and opened ________.

2.He rang Mary and invited _______ to dinner.

3.Send _______ a card so _______‟ll know where _______ are.

4.The dog is hungry. Can you give ______ some more food?

5.Peter was there. We were all sitting in the café with _______.

6.There was only John, Baz and _______ in the room.

7.My friends are busy now. _______ are going there later.

8.Where are my keys? I put _______ on the table a moment ago, but now

_______‟ve disappeared.

9.My sister and I are quite different. _______‟s much more serious than

_______ am.

10.His family was waiting in the next room, but _______ had not yet been informed.

11._______ aren‟t allowed to drive a car in Britain until _______ are 17 years old.

12.If you have any problems, just tell someone and _______‟ll help you.

Упражнение 5. Восстановите в рассказе пропущенные личные местоимения.

The other day when I was shopping a woman stopped _______ and asked

_______ the way to the post office. _______ gave her directions and _______ thanked

_______ politely, then ran off quickly in the opposite direction.

_______ put my hand in my pocket and found that my wallet was missing. _______ must have taken it while ______ were talking. _______ shouted and ran after _______ but _______ was no

good. ________ had disappeared in the crowd.

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§ 2. Притяжательные местоимения

Притяжательные местоимения выражают принадлежность и отвечают на вопрос чей?.

Притяжательные местоимения первой формы всегда стоят перед существительным и являются его определителем.

Притяжательные местоимения второй формы употребляются вместо существительных и выполняют в предложении функцию подлежащего, дополнения или именной части сказуемого.

Если в предложении притяжательное местоимение совпадает в лице и числе с подлежащим, то на русский язык оно переводится местоимением «свой».

Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски соответствующими притяжательными местоимениями первой формы.

1.I can‟t find _______ ticket.

2.Sally bought _______ motorbike last year.

3.Peter and Mary sent _______ children to the summer camp.

4.We should do _______ work properly.

5.If you get into trouble, consult _______ lawyer.

6.My brother is a lawyer. He has got _______ own office now.

7.The University and _______ facilities were shown in the TV program.

Упражнение 2. Заполните пропуски словами his, her, their, is, are.

1.Monica and _______ mother _______ both doctors.

2.Philippe ______ French, and _______ wife _______ German.

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3.Joyce Price _______ is a photographer, and _______ brother _______ an accountant.

4.My sister and I _______ American, but our grandparents _______

Greek.

5.Sonia _______ a doctor, and _______ mother _______ a doctor too.

6.Henry‟s mother _______ a shop assistant. _______ name is Lucy.

7.George and Karen _______ British; _______ daughter _______ married to an American.

8.Alice and Bill _______ doctors, and _______ son is a medical student.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильную форму притяжательных местоимений.

1.We know their / theirs telephone number, but they don‟t know our / ours.

2.My / Mine car wasn‟t as expensive as her / hers.

3.We enjoy our /ours holiday, I hope you enjoy your / yours.

4.It was her / hers fault, not their / theirs.

5.Is that your / yours coffee or my / mine?

6.Ann and Johnny‟s garden is much nicer than our / ours.

7.They‟re nice people, but I don‟t like their / theirs friends.

8.If you show me your / yours holiday photos, I‟ll show you my / mine.

Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски личными или притяжательными местоимениями.

1.We live in London. _______ Address is 17 Fox Terrace, Hampstead.

2.“Where does _______ sister work?” “_______ works in Sheffield.”

3.Susie and Ingrid are German. ______ are from Dortmund. _______

father is a bank manager.

4._______ mother lives with _______ second husband in Edinburgh.

5._______ wife and I are architects. _______ work in an office in the center of Cambridge.

§3. Возвратно-усилительные местоимения

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Возвратно-усилительные местоимения употребляются в функции дополнения после ряда глаголов. Они соответствуют в русском языке:

1. Частице -ся (-сь), которая присоединяется к глаголам для того, чтобы придать им возвратное значение, показывая, что действие переходит на само действующее лицо:

2. Возвратно-усилительному местоимению себя (себе, собой):

3. Русскому местоимению сам (сама, само, сами).

He speaks with the policeman himself. Он сам говорит с полицейским. (=He himself speaks with the policeman.)

Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски соответствующими возвратноусилительными местоимениями.

1.The chairman announced the news _______.

2.Helen will be very upset. I‟ll have to tell her the news _______.

3.We built most of the house _______.

4.The president _______ appeared on television. She spoke for about ten minutes.

5.The summer is very hot _______.

6.The children _______ did most of the work for the school play.

7.The Chief of Police ______ made the arrest.

8.There can be no doubt that you _______ scored the winning goal.

9.The film _______ wasn‟t very good, but I liked the music.

10.I don‟t want you to pay for me. I‟ll pay for _______.

Упражнение 2. Заполните пропуски возвратно-усилительными местоимениями и глаголами blame, burn, cut, enjoy, express, hurt, put.

1.George cut himself while he was shaving this morning.

2.Bill fell down some steps but fortunately he didn‟t _______ badly.

3.It isn‟t her fault. She really shouldn‟t _______.

4.Please try and understand how I feel. _______ in my position.

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5.They had a great time. They really _______.

6.Be careful! That pan is very hot. Don‟t _______.

7.Sometimes I can‟t say exactly what I mean. I wish I could _______

better.

§4. Указательные местоимения

на английский язык:

тот курсант; эти тетради; такая хорошая машина; те молодые люди; этот закон; тот же самый предмет; эта женщина; тот маленький ребенок; эти учебные группы; те оперативные работники; тот институт; такой интересный факт; эти судьи; этот преподаватель; та пожилая женщина; те же самые новости; это новое правило; этот сотрудник милиции; те большие страны; эти уголовные дела; такие хорошие студенты.

Упражнение 2. Каждое из указательных местоимений имеет отношение к предшествующим событиям или обстоятельствам. Найдите их.

1.I‟m tired out. That‟s why I‟m going home early.

2.He is always complaining and this is why nobody likes him.

3.That‟s why George was so pleased with himself. He had just got a new job.

4.I‟ve mended the radiator. I hope this will solve the problem.

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5.George likes Mary, but she doesn‟t like him. That‟s what annoys him.

6.The engine is all right but the brakes are useless. That‟s why it needs to go into the garage.

7.The engine starts and after a few seconds the light goes on. That‟s when you press the button.

8.This is what she said: “I don‟t think he is right.”

9.We refused to go there and that made him very angry.

10.The traffic was dreadful. That is the reason of my being late.

§5. Неопределенные местоимения

some несколько, некоторые (некоторый), какие-то (какой-то)

any некоторые (некоторый), какие-то/нибудь (какой-то/нибудь);

любые (любой) – в утвердительных предложениях

no ни один, никакой

every каждый, всякий

other (another) другой, другие

both оба

all весь, вся, все

Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски слова-

ми some, any.

1.There are _______ people outside who wants to see you.

2.I found a taxi without ______ trouble.

3.He asked me for _______ magazines, but I hadn‟t ______.

4.If you need _______ more information, please ask me.

5.I like _______ water sports, but not all of them.

6.Have you got _______ books on law?

7.Let‟s have a rest for _______ minutes.

Упражнение 2. Перефразируйте предложения, используя слова some, any.

1.All children can learn to read and write.

2.I will be free every day next week.

3.A few people said that they would be late.

4.Not all of the students understood.

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски словами all, every, both.

1._______ the students in the class passed the exam.

2._______ child likes playing.

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3.Tell me _______ about yourself.

4.I tried _______ key in the lock, but none of them fitted.

5.She invited us _______to the party.

6.You have _______ opportunity to study well.

7.I found two articles on the problem and have read _______.

Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски словами other, another.

1.He opened _______ shop last month.

2.The _______ man has gone.

3.______ four years passed before we met again.

4.The _______ European countries signed the agreement.

5.We have _____ intentions.

6.This is not a very good example. I want _______ one.

§6. Производные от some, any, every, no

Somebody, someone, something, somewhere употребляются в утвердительных предложениях.

Anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere – в отрицательных предложениях, общих вопросах и условных предложениях.

Anybody, anyone, anything могут употребляться со значением «всякий», «любой» в утвердительных и вопросительных предложениях.

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Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски, ис-

пользуя слова something, nothing, everything, anything.

1. Excuse me, you‟ve dropped _______. Yes, look, it is your passport.

2._______ is ready for the party. You can relax for some time.

3.“Can I have whatever I want?” “Yes, _______ you like.”

4.It‟s all finished. I‟m afraid there‟s _______ left.

5.If _______ happens, ring me up immediately.

6.I agree with most of what he said, but I don‟t agree with _______.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильное по смыслу местоимение из данных в скобках:

1.I heard a noise, but I didn‟t see _______. ( no one / anyone)

2.I‟m sorry, but there‟s _______ at home. (anybody / nobody)

3.It‟s too late. We can‟t do _______ to help. (anything / nothing)

4.No, I don‟t want _______, thanks. I‟m not hungry. (nothing / anything)

5._______ arrived in good time and the meeting started promptly at 3.30.

(everybody / nobody)

6._______ in the village went to the party but _______ enjoyed it very much. (Everyone / No one / Someone) (anybody / somebody / nobody)

7.When the show finished there was complete silence. _______ clapped.

(Everyone / No one / Someone)

8.Mohammed Ali is _______ I have always admired. (everybody / nobody

/somebody)

9.I thought I‟d seen you _______. (somewhere / anywhere / nowhere)

10.There was _______ to hide. (somewhere / anywhere / nowhere)

11.No one can find Howard _______. (everywhere / anywhere / nowhere)

12.Tell _______ I‟ll wait for them here. (no one / everyone / someone)

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски одним из производных местоимений, подходящих по смыслу.

1._______ can speak all the languages in the world.

2.I think there‟s _______ at the door.

3.“Where are my keys?” “I‟ve seen them _______, but I can‟t remember where.”

4.Does _______ know where I put my glasses?

5.You can find Coca-Cola _______.

6.I need _______ to read – have you got a paper?

7.I‟m bored – there‟s _______ to do.

8._______ needs love.

9.He and his wife always tell each other _______.

10.“Come and see a film with us.” “I don‟t want to go _______.