Павлова Г.Б. Английский язык. Практический курс. Ч. 1
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дозреваемого; изъять оружие или доказательства; профессиональное образование; разнообразие методов; обладать качествами личности; функциональная сфера расследования; выбирать осведомителей; обладать терпением и воображением; происходить в присутствии детектива.
Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие английские слова и словосочетания из текста 1.
The primary function of the detectives; cope with all the problems; to prevent crime; the qualities to be a detective; to be responsible for the crime; to recover the stolen property; to detail the functions in the detective division; a homicide squad; automobile theft squad; a means of law enforcement; to collect physical clues; to convince judges and juries; to solve crimes; the perpetrators; alertness; to concentrate time and energy; a particular type of criminal activity; decision-making judgment; to build up a fund of skills and information; in the functional area; law enforcement professional education; to commit crime; crime detection; the
successful detective; personal qualities; |
the arrest of a suspect; to be the |
keystone; apprehension of a criminal; |
in the presence of the detective; a |
reasonable cause; to seize any weapons or evidence; combat elements in military operations.
Упражнение 4. Соедините данные слева слова и словосочетания с подходящими по смыслу словами и словосочетаниями из списка справа (сравните с текстом 1) и переведите получившиеся слово-
сочетания. |
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1) the primary function of |
a) education |
2) is of great importance |
b) are responsible for it |
3) to detail the functions |
c) of criminal offenders |
4) one of the most interesting |
d) search anyone whom he arrests |
5) to apprehend those who |
e) the detectives |
6) the detective may |
f) in the detective division |
7) when an offense takes place |
g) of skills and information |
8) should seize |
h) in investigative process |
9) investigation of a particular |
i) aspects of crime detection |
10) undercover |
j) in crime prevention |
11) to build up a fund |
k) the structure of the detective |
12) are very helpful |
function |
13) the arrest of a suspect |
l) cause |
14) probable or reasonable |
m) to be a detective |
15) has the qualities |
n) judgment |
16) concerning the activities |
o) occurs |
17) law enforcement professional |
p) carry out in police the functions |
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(18) decision-making |
(q) any weapons or evidence |
(19) detective divisions |
(r) type of criminal activity |
(20) is the keystone in |
(s) work of a detective |
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(t) in the presence of the detective |
Упражнение 5. Подберите английские эквиваленты к рус-
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ским словосочетаниям со словом “arrest”. |
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1) |
домашний арест |
a) wrongful arrest |
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2) |
арест по подозрению |
b) temporary arrest |
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3) |
уголовное расследование |
c) police investigation |
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4) |
арест по обвинению |
d) case investigation |
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5) |
расследование по делу о наркотиках |
e) criminal arrest |
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6) |
арест по уголовному делу |
f) warrantless arrest |
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7) |
полицейское расследование |
g) major arrest |
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8) |
сфера расследования |
h) house arrest |
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9) |
арест крупного преступника |
i) civil investigation |
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10) |
противоправный (незаконный) арест |
j) detective investigation |
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11) |
законный арест |
k) judicial investigation |
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12) |
расследование гражданского дела |
l) lawful arrest |
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13) |
временный арест |
m) additional investigation |
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14) |
вторичный этап расследования |
n) arrest on charge |
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15) |
арест без ордера |
o) drug investigation |
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16) |
скрытое расследование |
p) arrest on suspicion |
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17) |
необоснованный арест |
q) criminal investigation |
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18) |
следствие, производимое уголовной |
r) false (unlawful) arrest |
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полицией |
s) field investigation |
19) |
дополнительное расследование |
t) latent investigation |
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20) |
расследование на месте происшествия |
u) follow-up investigation |
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21) |
судебное следствие |
v) area for investigation |
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22) |
расследование дела |
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Упражнение 6. Объясните на английском языке следующие словосочетания.
1)house arrest, major arrest, false (unlawful) arrest, temporary arrest;
2)case investigation, detective investigation, field investigation, additional investigation, drug investigation, police investigation.
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10.The successful detective must possess not only _______ but also some personal qualities.
11.The information of the informants concerning _______ is of great importance in crime prevention and quick and accurate crime solution.
12.Detective divisions carry out in police the functions similar ______.
Упражнение 11. Заполните пропуски соответствующими предлогами из текста 1 и переведите предложения.
1._______ general detective divisions carry out _______ police the functions similar _______ combat elements _______ military operations.
2.The detective should seize any weapons or evidence he may found
_______ his prisoners.
3.The detection and apprehension _______ a criminal and the production
_______ evidence _______ him depend _______ criminal investigation.
4.The information _______ the informants concerning the activities
_______ criminal offenders is _______ great importance _______ crime prevention and quick and accurate crime solution.
5.This specialization permits the detective to concentrate his time and energies _______ the prevention and investigation _______ a particular type _______ criminal activity and to build up a fund _______ skills and information which makes him efficient _______ the functional area
_______ his investigation.
Упражнение 12. Переведите предложения на русский язык c помощью любой компьютерной системы перевода. Отредактируйте полученный перевод с учетом особенностей русского языка.
1. Most investigations begin with careful, objective observations that are then assembled, collat-
ed, and matched against applicable law.
2.Technological advances have been incorporated into criminal investigation as well; for example, trace clues such as dust, paint, glass, and other microscopic evidence may be analyzed.
3.Surveillance techniques, for example, may include placing personnel in strategic locations and equipping them with optical aids, such as binoculars or scopes with the capacity to detect an object illuminated only by moonlight, or with electronic devices, sensitive to a conversation taking place at a considerable distance.
4.Informants are the source of much useful information in investigations; they may be citizens motivated by civic duty or sometimes, criminals motivated by self-interest.
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5.Eyewitnesses to a crime are often asked to identify the perpetrator, although identification errors have prompted psychologists to explore the processes and pitfalls of memory, recall, and recognition.
6.Experiments under controlled conditions indicate that jurors will convict four times as often if eyewitness testimony is offered, even when the visual acuity of the witness is discredited.
7.A document called a chain of custody records the position of each object and the exact location where it was found, as well as the name and affiliation of each person in possession of the evidence.
8.Also known as a postmortem, an autopsy is normally performed by a pathologist, a medical doctor who specialized in the study and diagnosis of diseases.
9.If only skeletal remains are present, a forensic anthropologist examines the bones to create a basic description of the individual, called a biological profile.
10.But it is also important to remember that investigators are primarily responsible for determining the circumstances of a death and religious and cultural concerns may have to be set aside in order to understand what happened.
11.In particular, fictional representations of forensic investigations tend to grossly exaggerate – if not actually fabricate – the kinds of equipment used, the process and accuracy of the methods, and the abilities of each specialty.
12.While these inaccuracies may seem merely frustrating, they can have potentially devastating effects if brought to the court during real criminal proceedings. Lawyers, judges and jurors may be influenced by such misinformation and have unrealistic expectations of the accuracy and reliability of the evidence, results or testimony provided by forensic experts.
Упражнение 13. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту 1.
1.What is crime detection?
2.What is the responsibility of law enforcement agencies?
3.What is the primary function of the detectives?
4.What is it necessary to do to cope with all these functions?
5.Why is the detailing of the functions in the detective division so useful for the crime investigation?
6.What can be helpful in investigative process?
7.What is the keystone in the structure of the detective function?
8.Do detectives take part in undercover work? Say a
few words about it.
9.What are the conditions necessary for the arrest of a suspect to occur?
10.What may the detective do after he arrests a person?
11.What must the detective possess to become successful?
12.What personal qualities must the successful detective possess?
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Упражнение 14. Найдите в тексте 1 предложения, выражающие основную мысль каждого абзаца, и составьте на их основе план пересказа текста.
Упражнение 15. Составьте рассказ о роли детективов в расследовании преступлений, опираясь на подготовленный план.
Text 2
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INNOVATIVE TACTICS USED IN CRIME DETECTION
As criminals work out sophisticated schemes to bypass detection, law enforcement agencies devise original and inventive ways to thwart their advances. Technology and innovation play key roles in crime detection, responding to ever-changing criminal methods. Throughout history, technological advances have changed the way law enforcement officers and concerned citizens police their neighborhoods. Automobiles, radios, and mobile telephones, for example, represent innovations that enhance crime prevention, detection and control. Today‟s technological innovations open new avenues of detection for modern crime fighters.
Data-Driven Policing: Using data to identify patterns and potentially
predict |
crimes |
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growing |
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forcement |
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trend |
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that relies on ma- |
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chine |
learning |
to |
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identify |
predictive |
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patterns. |
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recent |
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machine |
learning |
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innovation |
called |
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Series Finder helps |
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police |
narrow |
their |
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searches by |
grow- |
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ing |
a |
crime |
series |
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projection |
from |
a |
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couple of unsolved crimes. The machine constructs |
patterns |
based |
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on analysis of particular data points like geographical location and modus operandi, and Series Finder attempts to return relevant information about future vulnerabilities.
Digital Forensics: Analyzing and interpreting digital information is an increasingly important part of modern criminal proceedings, as data
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mining and other sophisticated electronic crimes are seen with increasing frequency. Exposing the digital criminal footprint left by fraudsters and other digital criminals requires proper tactics, which continually strive to keep pace with criminal innovations.
Surveillance Technology: Surveillance is a part of daily life for most citizens today. Cameras and other monitoring equipment have grown smaller and less obtrusive, and new technologies furnish greater visual clarity than older models. As a result,
video surveillance has become a social issue, pitting personal liberties against safe and secure societies.
Gunshot Detection Systems:
Gunshot alert systems are deployed in many major cities, with mixed results. The sound-sensing devices are placed in high crime areas, where they relay information to police officers in real time – including notifications of gunshots detected within the sensors‟ range. While the systems have helped solve crimes, some people say the devices are not worth their expense, because residents are quick to report gunshots on their own – making the sensors obsolete.
Mobile Applications: To a cer-
tain extent, crime detection technology mirrors trends among citizens. Tablets and other mobile devices, for example, dominate information technology on the streets, so it is only natural that law enforcement personnel use mobile technology to detect and solve crimes. Mobile devices also furnish access to materials like state crime databases and other investigative resources.
Technology and innovation are at the heart of effective crime detection, especially in the rapidly changing electronic age. Information technology plays a particularly important role in policing, so law enforcement agencies use surveillance, digital forensics, and predictive policing to stay one step ahead of criminals.
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Слова и словосочетания к тексту 2:
sophisticated schemes |
– изощренные схемы |
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to bypass detection |
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– избежать разоблачения |
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to thwart their advances |
– помешать их продвижению вперед |
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ever-changing criminal methods |
– постоянно меняющиеся методы |
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преступников |
data-driven policing |
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осуществление правоохранительной деятель- |
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ности с использованием различных баз данных |
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to predict crimes |
– предвидеть совершение преступления |
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to grow a crime series projection |
– создавать схемы совершения се- |
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рийных преступлений |
fraudster – мошенник |
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video surveillance |
– видеонаблюдение |
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gunshot alert system |
– |
система, распознающая выстрелы из огне- |
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стрельного оружия и сообщающая о них |
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to furnish access to materials – предоставлять доступ к материалам.
Задание 1. Прочтите и переведите текст, используя слова и словосочетания к тексту и англорусский словарь.
Задание 2. Сформулируйте тему прочитанного текста на русском и английском языках.
Задание 3. Прочтите текст по абзацам и укажите подтему каждого абзаца. Выпишите из каждого абзаца те предложения, которые несут основную информацию, и передайте их содержание на русском языке.
Задание 4. Выпишите из каждого абзаца те предложения, которые несут информацию, уточняющую и расширяющую основную мысль. Передайте содержание этих предложений на русском языке.
Задание 5. Составьте план реферата по теме текста и обобщите полученную информацию в единый связный русский текст реферата в соответствии с составленным планом.
Задание 6. Подготовьте краткое изложение содержания текста на английском языке.
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Text 3
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IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURES USED BY THE POLICE (1)
Identification is the most important and vital function of the investigator in any investigation he may conduct.
The methods which are most frequently employed are: portrait parle, photography, identi-kit, modus operandi, the eyewitness, voiceprint, reports from the crime laboratory, fingerprinting and DNA analysis.
The portrait parle is defined as a verbal picture or description of a human body. It was devised in 1882 by Alphonse Bertillion, and it is still used as the oldest means of making a physical description. Twenty commonly used points of personal physical descriptions are ordinarily employed: ethnic data, height, weight, build, head shape, face shape, complexion, hair, facial hair, eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, chin, ears, deformities, common blood types, and physical defects. As an aid in identifying a subject
ten behavioral characteristics are commonly used: speech pattern, walk, handedness, habits, nervous disorders, narcotics use, alcohol use, tobacco use, sexual behavior and mental disorders.
Bertillion‟s classification provided a basis for modern recall systems: with a description and manipulation of various plastic overlays of the iden- ti-kit, an accurate picture of a person can be made in black and white in a period of a few minutes. Such a picture then may be transmitted by teletype to other agencies, and subsequently printed in newspapers and otherwise made public if necessary.
Photography is widely used in identification. In some cases witnesses and even police officers experience difficulty in describing a person, a place or thing, but when they are shown a photograph, they are able to make a positive identification of a person and confirm or deny the content of the photograph as it depicts a place or thing.