Павлова Г.Б. Английский язык. Практический курс. Ч. 1

I went there last year.

Я ходил туда в прошлом году.

He entered the Law Institute two years ago.

Он поступил в юридический институт два года тому назад.

They did not pass exams in time last term.

Они не сдали экзамены вовремя в прошлом семестре.

Отрицательная и вопросительная формы Past Indefinite с глаголом to be, а также краткий ответ образуются без вспомогательного глагола.

He was very busy last week.

Он был очень занят на прошлой неделе.

They were not at home last night.

Их не было дома вчера вечером.

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Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на глагол-сказуемое в Past Simple.

1.I posted the letter yesterday.

2.The train left on time.

3.The driver didn‟t look at his right.

4.What did you tell the police? – Nothing.

5.Did you ring home? –Yes, I did.

6.Emma passed her exam last year.

7.Elvis Presley died in 1977.

8.I knew what the problem was.

9.When did you buy this car? – About three years ago.

10.Was the weather good when you were on holiday?

11.They didn‟t invite her to the party, so she didn‟t go.

12.The police stopped me on my way home last night.

Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения и составьте из них два рассказа о событиях из жизни двух разных женщин.

1.Grace Kelly was born on the east coast of the United States in 1929.

2.Queen Elizabeth I was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn.

3.When she was three months old she went to live at Hatfield, far from the King and Queen.

4.Her father executed her mother when the little girl was two and a half years old.

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5.Her father was an Olympic Champion and owned a successful business on the East Coast.

6.When she was 21, she went to Hollywood and began acting in films.

7.The young Princess learnt Italian, French, Latin and Greek from royal tutors.

8.She appeared in the film High Noon, and won an Academy Award (“Oscar”) for her acting in A Country Girl.

9.In 1956 she married Prince Rainier of Monaco.

10.She followed her half-brother Edward and her half-sister Mary to the throne.

11.She then retired from her career in America and devoted herself to her royal duties.

12.She never married, and ruled for 45 years as a strong and independent queen.

13.People of England loved her, and her reign was one of power and glory for her country.

14.She died in 1982 after a car accident.

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски глаголами, данными в скобках. Поставьте глаголы в Past Simple.

Two people ______ (die) in a fire in Ellis Street, Oldport yesterday morning. They

_______ (be) Herbert and Molly Paynter, a couple in their seventies. The fire _______

(start) at 3.20 a.m. A neighbor, Mr Aziz,

_______ (see) the flames and _______ (call) the fire brigade. He also _______ (try) to get into the house and rescue his neighbors, but the heat _______ (be) too great. The fire

brigade _______ (arrive) in five minutes. Twenty fire-fighters _______

(fight) the fire and finally _______ (bring) it under control. Two firefighters _______ (enter) the burning building but _______ (find) the couple dead.

Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски данными ниже глаголами, поставив их во временную форму Past Simple.

buy, catch, cost, drink, fall, hurt, sell, spend, teach, throw, win, write

1.Mozart _______ more than 600 pieces of music.

2.How did you learn to drive? – My father _______ me.

3.We couldn‟t afford to keep our car, so we _______ it.

4.I was very thirsty. I _______ the water very quickly.

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5.Paul and I played tennis yesterday. He‟s much better than me, so

_______ easily.

6.Ken _______ down the stairs this morning and _______ his leg.

7.Jim _______ the ball to Sue, who _______ it.

8.Ann _______ a lot of money yesterday. She _______ a dress which

_______ $100.

Упражнение 5. Прочитайте краткое описание обычного дня курсанта и выполните задание, данное ниже.

I usually get up at 7 o‟clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to the Institute, which takes me about half an hour. The lectures begin at 9 o‟clock. I never have lunch. I finish my studying at 5 o‟clock. I‟m always very tired when I get home. I usually cook a meal in the evening. I don‟t usually go out. I go to bed at about 11 o‟clock. I always sleep well.

Yesterday was a typical working day for Helen. Write what she did or didn’t do yesterday.

1.She _______ at 7 o‟clock.

2.She _______ a big breakfast.

3.She _______ to the library after breakfast.

4.It _______ to get to the Institute.

5.She _______ at the lecture at 9 0‟clock.

6.She _______ lunch.

7.She _______ at 5 o‟clock.

8.She _______ tired when she _______ home.

9.She _______ a meal yesterday evening.

10.She _______ out yesterday evening.

11.She _______ at 11 o‟clock.

12.She _______ well last night.

Упражнение 6. Заполните пропуски глаголами-сказуемыми в утвердительной или отрицательной форме Past Simple.

1.It was warm, so I _______ off my coat. (take)

2.The film wasn‟t very good. So I _______ it very much. (enjoy)

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3.I knew she was very tired, so I _______her. (disturb)

4.I was rather tired, so I _______ to bed early. (go)

5.The bed was uncomfortable. I _______ very well. (sleep)

6.Sue wasn‟t hungry, so she _______ anything. (eat)

7.We went to Kate‟s house but she _______ at home. (be)

8.It was a funny situation but nobody _______. (laugh)

9.The window was open and a bird _______ into the room. (fly)

10.The hotel wasn‟t very expensive. It _______ very much. (cost)

11.I was in a hurry, so I _______ time to phone you. (have)

12.It was hard work carrying the bags. They _______ very heavy. (be)

Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски в диалоге, поставив гла- гол-сказуемое в вопросительную или отрицательную форму в Past Simple.

Упражнение 8. Задайте общие и специальные вопросы.

A friend has just come back from holiday. You ask him about it.

1)(where / go?) ___________

2)(go / alone?) ___________

3)(how long / stay?) ___________

4)(stay / at a hotel?)___________

5)(how / travel?) ___________

6)(the weather / fine) ___________

7)(what / do in the evening?) ___________

8)(meet anybody interesting?) ___________

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Упражнение 9. Заполните пропуски словами who, what или which.

Упражнение 10. Задайте специальные вопросы к подчеркнутым словам.

1.The policemen arrested him at once and took to the local police station.

2.Some years ago George served as a patrolman at one of the police precincts.

3.The officer got information about the operational situation in the precinct during the past 24 hours.

4.The burglars left the room in great disorder.

5.The police arrested the drug dealers and prostitutes in the streets.

6.The officer on duty responded the citizen‟s calls for different kinds of police service.

7.The lawyer called my attention to some new evidence.

8.Punishment had very little effect on the prisoner.

9.The thief entered a hotel room and stole the passport.

10.He drove to a block of small flats not far from the river in the south east.

11.He caused an accident by dangerous driving.

12.The police decided to work closely with members of the community.

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§3. Способы выражения отрицания

ванглийском языке

В английском предложении допускается одно отрицание, выраженное либо глаголом с частицей not, либо одним из следующих отрицательных слов: no (никакой), nobody, no one, (ни-

кто), none (никто, ничто, ни один, никакой), nothing (ничто, ничего), nowhere (нигде, никуда), never (никогда), neither (ни один, никто; также не), neither … nor (ни … ни …), unless (если не …).

They have some evidence, but I have none.

У них есть какие-то доказательства, а у меня ни одного.

Neither of us speaks French.

Никто из нас не говорит по-французски.

I miss neither lectures nor tutorials.

Я не пропускаю ни лекции, ни практические занятия.

Исключением из общего правила является краткий отрицательный ответ на общие вопросы, в котором присутствуют два отрицательных слова: No, I am not. No, he does not.

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, укажите, чем выражено отрицание:

1.No cars are allowed in the city center.

2.What did you say? – Nothing.

3.None of the shops were open.

4.Where are you going? – Nowhere. I‟m staying here.

5.No one came to visit me while I was in hospital.

6.The house is empty. There‟s nobody living here.

7.The station is nowhere near here.

8.Neither of us missed lectures.

9.The exam was extremely difficult. Nobody passed.

10.How much money have you got? – None.

11.It was a public holiday, so there were no banks working.

12.I could answer none of the questions they asked me.

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Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы одним из слов:

none, nobody, nothing, nowhere

1.What did you do? ___________

2.Who were you talking to? ___________

3.Where are you going? ___________

4.How much luggage have you got? ___________

5.How many children have you got? ___________

6.Who did you meet? ___________

7.What did you buy? ___________

8.What did you see? ___________

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски отрицательными словами:

nobody, no one, none, neither, nothing, nowhere, neither … nor

1.The party was a disaster. _______ enjoyed themselves.

2._______ in the class did their homework.

3.What a stupid thing to do! _______ intelligent person would such a thing.

4.The town was still the same when I returned years later. _______ had changed.

5.We took a few photographs but _______ of them were very good.

6.Where did you go for your holidays? - _______. I stayed at home.

7.The bus was completely empty. There was _______ on it.

8._______ of the restaurants we went to were expensive.

9.We cancelled the meeting because _______ of the people we expected were able to come.

10.There was complete silence in the room. _______ said anything.

11.She said she would contact us but she neither wrote nor phoned.

12.What day is it today – the 18th or the 19th? - _______. It‟s the 20th.

Упражнение 4. Найдите и исправьте ошибки в предложениях.

1.I don‟t need no help.

2.We didn‟t see nobody.

3.Don‟t never do that again.

4. I looked out of the window, but I couldn‟t see nobody.

5.What is in that box? – Anything. It‟s empty.

6.The situation is uncertain. Nothing could happen.

7.My job is very easy. Nobody could do it.

8. Neither Jim nor Carol hadn‟t time to come to the party. 9. We didn‟t want to go nowhere tonight.

10. I haven‟t never been to a football match.

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§4. Сложные предложения

-I saw Natalie the other day.

-Natalie? The girl who plays

the piano?

- No, that‟s Natasha.

Natalie is the student

who dropped out of college, the one who never

did any study.

She‟s working

in Davidson‟s now, the shop that sells

very expensive clothes.

Сложные предложения бывают сложносочинѐнными и сложноподчинѐнными.

Сложносочинѐнные предложения состоят из простых предло-

жений, соединѐнных союзами and (и, а), but (но, а), or (или, и).

The conference was over, and the delegates made a tour through the country.

Конференция закончилась, и делегаты отправились в поездку по стране.

We worked hard but some of us failed the exam.

Мы много занимались, но некоторые из нас не смогли сдать экзамен.

Сложноподчинѐнные предложения состоят из нескольких предложений, одно из которых является главным, а другое (или другие) – придаточным. Придаточное предложение соединяется с главным при помощи подчинительных союзов и союзных слов.

Ниже даны виды придаточных предложений и лексические единицы (подчинительные союзы и союзные слова), с помощью которых придаточные предложения соединяются с главными.