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Павлова Г.Б. Английский язык. Практический курс. Ч. 1

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everyone recognizes that we all have a part to play in preventing crime. We need to recognize that the crime prevention challenge has evolved – we now need to prevent serious harm that happens inside victims‟ homes, or to stop a cybercriminal on the other side of the world from targeting thousands of people here with a single keystroke.

The Modern Crime Prevention Strategy is intended to set out what crime prevention means in 2016.

The strategy focuses on what are the six key drivers of crime – opportunity, character, the effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System, profit, drugs and alcohol – and which apply just as much to preventing the new challenges we face as they do to preventing „traditional‟ crimes.

EFFECTIVENESS

PROFIT

OF CJS

 

CHARACTER

OPPORTUNITY

Key drivers of crime

DRUGS

ALCOHOL

Our new approach is based on targeting those six key drivers of crime: 1. Opportunity – removing or designing out opportunities to offend, offline and online; 2. Character – intervening early with those exposed to factors that might lead to a high propensity to commit crime; 3. Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) - ensuring that the CJS acts as a powerful deterrent to would-be offenders; 4. Profit - making it harder for criminals, particularly organized criminals, to benefit financially from their crimes; 5. Drugs - publishing a new drug strategy: to restrict the supply of drugs and tackle the organized crime behind the drugs trade, prevent drug misuse in our communities, help people resist getting involved in drugs, and support people dependent on drugs through treatment and recovery; and 6. Alcohol - making the night time economy safe so that people can consume alcohol safely without fear of becoming a victim of alcoholrelated crime or disorder, enabling local economies to grow.

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Many crime problems will involve more than one driver, so a sophisticated, modern approach will require coordinated action on a number of fronts. Law enforcement and local authorities interact on a daily basis with a wide range of partners who also have a strong interest in crime prevention – manufacturers, the financial sector, the alcohol industry, retailers, voluntary sector organizations, the other emergency services, including the fire and rescue service, Health and Wellbeing Boards, and of course members of the public themselves. The public have an important responsibility to prevent crime, for example, by reporting crime to the police and taking simple steps to secure their property.

Задание 1. Прочитайте внимательно текст по абзацам и определите главную идею в каждом из них.

Задание 2. Выпишите ключевые слова из каждого абзаца и дайте перевод предложений с ними.

Задание 3. Подготовьте вопросы по содержанию текста и будьте готовы ответить на заданные вам вопросы.

Задание 4. Передайте содержание текста на русском языке.

Text 3

Выполните письменно перевод текста с помощью англо-русского словаря.

SOME CRIME PREVENTION TIPS

Crime prevention means being aware of your environment and remaining alert to situations that could make you vulnerable to crime. It is impossible to list specific measures that will protect you from every threatening situation which may arise. But it is possible to teach how to think “Crime Prevention” in day-to-day living. The suggestions presented should not be thought of as a list of crime prevention measures, but as examples of common sense behavior that will make life safer and more secure.

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Protecting yourself while walking:

-If at all possible, never walk alone.

-If you absolutely have to walk alone, walk in well-lighted, well-traveled walkways and plan your route ahead of time. Avoid places where attackers might hide and areas where you might get cornered.

-If anyone follows you, cross the street and/or change directions.

-If this does not work, walk toward oth-

er people or occupied buildings and stay away from places where you might get cornered.

-If someone in a car follows you and is persistent or becomes obscene, write down the license number and report it to the Department of Public Safety and Police as soon as possible.

Protecting yourself while driving:

-If someone follows you and is persistent or becomes obscene, write down the license number and report it to the appropriate police agency or the Department of Public Safety and Police as soon as possible

-If you are trapped in your car, honk your horn in quick short bursts.

This will attract people‟s attention.

-Make sure that all of the car doors are locked whenever you leave your vehicle.

-When returning to your car, have your keys ready so you can enter your car quickly and be aware of your surroundings.

-Before you enter your car look to see if all of the doors are locked or if there are any uninvited passengers in the back seat or on the floor. If your door locks are not the way you left them or you see someone inside, leave the area as quickly as possible and notify the Department of Public Safety and the Police.

Preventing thefts from vehicles:

-Install a vehicle alarm or mechanical

lock for the steering wheel or ignition.

-Always lock the doors and leave the windows rolled up.

-Always activate any auto alarms or anti-theft devices.

-Keep any valuables out of sight. Expensive items in full view invite theft even if

the vehicle is locked. Don‟t advertise the types of equipment you have in your vehicle.

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-Know the license number, year, make and model of your vehicle.

-Do not leave money, checkbooks, or credit cards in the vehicle at any time.

Safeguarding your mobile phone:

Having your phone stolen is a hassle. It's not just the handset you lose; it's the numbers, messages and photos too. Thieves are opportunists, so don't make yourself an easy target. Knowing how to protect your mobile and keep it safe will save you a lot of inconvenience and stress.

-If you're not making a call, make sure that your phone is hidden

away.

-Keep it in one of your front pockets or inside a bag.

-If you're making a call on your mobile in a public area, make sure you always keep an eye on what's going on around you.

-Try to avoid using your mobile phone in public at night. If you do have to use your phone, try to find an area that's well-lit.

-Avoid getting out your phone at train stations and bus stops as these are areas that thieves target.

Прокомментируйте следующие цитаты:

I sometimes wish that people would put a little more emphasis upon the observance of the law than they do upon its enforcement.

Calvin Coolidge, the 30th U.S. president

No amount of law enforcement can solve a problem that goes back to the family.

J. Edgar Hoover, the director of the FBI (1924 – 1972)

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Учитесь выражать свое мнение:

I really think (that)… Я действительно думаю, что …

I strongly believe (that)… Я твердо убежден, что …

In my opinion … По моему мнению …

I‟m not sure, but … Я не уверен, но …

I can‟t make up my mind, but … Я не могу принять решение, но …

Учитесь выражать согласие:

Right you are. Вы правы.

That‟s right. Да, совершенно верно.

It stands to reason. Ясно. (Это логично.)

I quite agree with you here. Я в этом с вами полностью согласен.

There is no denying it. Этого нельзя отрицать.

Учитесь выражать некоторое несогласие:

I understand, but … Я понимаю, но …

That‟s an interesting idea, but … Интересная идея, но … I see what you mean, but … Я понимаю, что вы имеете

в виду, но …

Yes, I see, but … Да, я понимаю, но…

Well, that might be true, but… Возможно, это и верно, но …

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РАЗДЕЛ VI

Participle I, II (Причастие

I и II формы) (§ 1) Конструкция there be (§ 2) Безличное местоимение it (§ 3) Усилительная конструкция (§ 4)

§ 1. Participle I, II

(Причастие I и II формы)

Cigarette smoking is becoming less and less socially acceptable in the United Kingdom, because of successful campaigns by various governmental agencies to make smokers aware of the health risks associated with smoking. However, although smoking is forbidden on public transport, theaters, cinemas, offices and all public and educational establishments, it is still possible for smokers to enjoy a cigarette in pubs, restaurants and station concourses. A common sight in the City of London is groups of smartly-dressed office workers huddled together on the pavement in the pouring rain enjoying a cigarette break!

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Причастие в английском языке представляет собой неличную форму глагола и не может самостоятельно служить в предложении сказуемым.

В английском языке существуют два вида причастия: Причастие I и Причастие II. Причастие I (Participle I) соответствует формам причастия действительного залога и деепричастия в русском языке. Причастие II (Participle II) соответствует в русском языке причастию страдательного залога.

Образование форм Причастия I и Причастия II

Причастие I образуется путем прибавления суффикса -ing к глаголу в форме инфинитива без частицы to:

to read (читать) – reading (читающий; читая) to study (изучать) – studying (изучающий; изучая)

Причастие II правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления суффикса -ed к глаголу в форме инфинитива без частицы to:

to ask (спрашивать) – asked (спрошенный, спрашиваемый)

to order (приказывать) – ordered (приказанный, приказываемый)

Причастие II неправильных глаголов образуется различными другими способами и часто называется «третьей формой глагола».

to give (дать) – gave (давал) given (данный, даваемый)

to break (нарушать) – broke (нарушил) broken (нарушенный, нарушаемый)

Функции Причастий I и II

Причастие I употребляется в функции определения. В этой функции Причастие I соответствует русскому действительному при-

частию настоящего времени, оканчивающемуся на -щий, а иногда и действительному причастию прошедшего времени, оканчивающемуся на -вший.

Вфункции определения Причастие I употребляется:

1)перед существительным (как отглагольное прилагательное):

The interviewing officer should not show any emotion or his knowledge of the subject.

Сотрудник, ведущий допрос, не должен показывать эмоции или свои знания о субъекте.

2) после существительного в причастных оборотах, соответствующих определительным придаточным предложениям:

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The officer investigating this crime (= who is investigating this crime) is a young graduate of the Far East Home Ministry Law Institute of Russia.

Офицер, расследующий это преступление (= который расследует это преступление), молодой выпускник ДВЮИ МВД России.

Причастие I употребляется в функции обстоятельства. В

этой функции Причастие I соответствует русскому деепричастию

несовершенного вида, оканчивающемуся на -я и -а (покупая, держа), если действия причастия и глагола-сказуемого совпадают. Если действие причастия предшествует действию глагола-сказуемого, оно переводится русским деепричастием совершенного вида, оканчиваю-

щимся на -в и -я (купив, придя),

Следует иметь в виду, что при употреблении Причастия I в функции обстоятельства времени перед ним обычно стоит союз while (в то время как) или, реже, союз when (когда), которые на русский язык не переводятся.

While (When) going home we witnessed the traffic accident.

Идя домой (В то время как/ Когда мы шли домой), мы стали свидетелями дорожной аварии.

Arriving at the crime scene detectives interviewed witnesses.

Приехав на место происшествия, оперативные работники опрашивали свидетелей.

В функции определения Причастие II употребляется:

1) перед существительным (как отглагольное прилагательное со страдательным значением):

The signed papers were shown at the court.

Подписанные документы были представлены в суде.

2) после существительных в причастных оборотах, соответствующих определительным придаточным предложениям с глаголомсказуемым в страдательном залоге:

The man apprehended by the police (=who was apprehended by the police) turned out to be a criminal.

Человек, задержанный полицией (=который был задержан полицией), оказался преступником.

Причастие II употребляется в функции обстоятельства в

причастных оборотах для выражения в основном времени, причины, условия. Такие обстоятельственные причастные обороты часто вво-

дятся союзами when, if, соответствуют обстоятельственным прида-

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точным предложениям с глаголом-сказуемым в страдательном залоге и обычно переводятся на русский язык обстоятельственными придаточными предложениями.

When charged with murder (=When he was charged with murder), he was arrested.

Когда его обвинили в убийстве, он был арестован.

If properly preserved (= If the evidence is properly preserved), the evidence can be the key to a crime.

Если улики сохраняются должным образом, они могут стать ключом к раскрытию преступления.

Если причастие в предложении употребляется со вспомогательным глаголом be или have, оно является частью сказуемого.

The detective is searching a crime scene. (Present Progressive Active)

Оперативный работник осматривает место происшествия.

Some facts were obtained during interrogation. (Past Simple Passive)

Некоторые факты были получены во время допроса.

They have finished crime scene investigation. (Present Perfect Active)

Они закончили осмотр места происшествия.

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте текст, найдите формы причастия и укажите их функцию в предложении.

Several people were injured this morning when a lorry carrying concrete pipes overturned in the center of town and hit two cars.

Ambulance called to the scene took a long time to get through the rush hour traffic. The accident happened in Alfred Road, where road repairs are under way. People who saw the accident say that the lorry hit the cars after it swerved to avoid a pipe of stones left the road. The traffic chaos caused by the accident has meant long delays for people travelling to work.

Упражнение 2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на Причастие I в функции определения:

1.There are some state institutions regulating the life of the society.

2.The investigator obtained some information establishing the identity of the criminal.

3.The police must investigate any case involving death or serious injury.

4.The investigator should plan the development of facts giving evidence of the intentions of the accused.

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5.In case the investigating officer works at the crime scene, he defines the crime quickly and examines the crime scene very carefully.

6.The investigator should refer to all exhibits supporting details.

7.The interview is a method giving useful evidence for solving a crime.

8.Who is that police officer walking towards the crime scene?

9.Every person committing a crime may be punishable.

10.The detective examining the crime scene has to be careful not to omit important clues.

11.At the crime scene the suspect may leave his fingerprints establishing his identity.

12.The crime scene is the most fruitful source of information providing experts with important details.

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски данными ниже формами причастия I:

ageing, existing, growing, increasing, rising, living

1.The main problem is _______ prices. Things are getting much too expensive.

2.Factories in Japan are becoming even more automated, making _______

use of robots.

3.Things will have to change. The _______ system simply doesn‟t work.

4.Mike Tyson, the former heavyweight champion of the world, has been described as a _______ legend.

5.The young folk have all gone. There is no one left in the village apart from a few _______ people.

6.Unemployment is on the increase. A _______ number young people, in particular, are finding themselves out of work.

Упражнение 4. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на Причастие I в функции обстоятельства:

1.While examining the crime scene the investigator should be very careful.

2.Having grounds to suspect an offence the police must caution a person.

3.I had a traffic accident driving to work.

4.Using all the facts the investigator analyses the situation and tries to reconstruct the happening.

5.While climbing in through the window the thief left fingerprints on the window-sill.

6.Observing the objects at the crime scene police officers were careful.

7.The policeman should be useful to the public preventing and detecting crime, maintaining law and order.

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