Павлова Г.Б. Английский язык. Практический курс. Ч. 1

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16. A person who was actually present at an event and should be able to describe it is a _______ .

17. A person who bears testimony from what he has himself seen is an _______ .

18. Evidence that shows whether something is a fact or not is _______ .

Упражнение 10. Заполните пропуски в следующих предложениях, используя данные ниже слова из текста 1.

witness, missing, wanted, evidence, presentation, information, identification, government, identify, locate, detection, location, guilt, accused, criminal records

1.Criminal investigations are most often done by _______ police forces.

2.A criminal investigator is a person who collects facts to _______ and

_______ the guilty party.

3.The first stage of the investigation is _______ of an offender.

4.The second stage of the investigation deals with _______ and _______

of the offender.

5.Investigating officers often use unofficial sources of _______ .

6.In the third stage the investigator gathers the facts to prove the _______

of the _______ in the trial.

7.Collection of ______ for court _____ is the final test of the investigation.

8.A great part of investigative work deals with “finding” _______ or

_______ persons.

9.A patient study of _______ and the information from officials are often necessary for a successful investigation.

10. The investigator must produce competent and credible _______

for the trial.

Упражнение 11. Переведите следующие предложения, используя текст 1 и словарь к нему.

1.Следователь по уголовным делам – это человек, который собирает факты, чтобы установить виновную сторону и представить доказательства его вины.

2.В Кодексе Хаммурапи утверждается, что и обвинитель и обвиняемый имели право представлять собранные ими доказательства.

3.Имеется три стадии расследования: 1) установление личности преступника; 2) поиск и обнаружение подозреваемого; 3) сбор улик.

4.На первой стадии следователь устанавливает личность какого-либо лица как правонарушителя.

5.Третья стадия расследования связана со сбором доказательств для представления в суде.

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6.Опознание происходит одним из следующих способов: признание вины, свидетельство очевидца, косвенная улика.

7.Во многих случаях необходимо выслеживать беглеца.

8.Следственная работа связана с нахождением пропавших или разыскиваемых полицией лиц.

9.Следователи часто используют неофициальные источники информации.

10.Изучение криминалистического учета является необходимым для получения дополнительных улик.

Упражнение 12. Объясните на английском языке следующие слова и словосочетания.

A criminal investigator, identification, eyewitness testimony, a code, presentation of evidence, to prove the guilt, an informant, civic responsibility, confidential information.

Упражнение 13. Переведите предложения на русский язык c помощью любой компьютерной системы перевода. Отредактируйте полученный перевод с учетом особенностей русского языка.

1. The type of activity investigators engage in and the material gathered varies depend-

ing on whether investigations use the reactive or proactive method.

2.Every investigation is different and may require a different route through the process, e.g., in some cases the identity of the offender is known from the outset and the investigation quickly enters the suspect management phase.

3.Investigators should be familiar with the investigative strategies relating to victims and witnesses, as this enables them to exploit early opportunities to gather material by questioning the person reporting the crime.

4.Proactive investigations can start from an intelligence package identifying groups or individuals who are assessed as being involved in ongoing criminal activity.

5.Initial telephone contact between victims and witnesses with the police service is an opportunity to obtain accurate and relevant information, collect evidence, ascertain if a crime has occurred and give reassurance and guidance to the caller, e.g., about the preservation of forensic evidence.

6.Investigations should be conducted thoroughly, and investigators should not assume that a crime cannot be solved or that someone else will carry out an investigation at a later stage.

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7. In conducting an investigation, the investigator should pursue all reasonable lines of enquiry, whether these point towards or away from the suspect.

8. If law enforcement determines that the evidence uncovered during pre-arrest investigation reveals that a crime was committed and a suspect is identified, law enforcement may arrest the suspect or, depending upon the jurisdiction, present the investigation results to the prosecuting attorney.

9.In committing the crime, the offender emits "signals," or leaves behind information of various sorts (fingerprints, eyewitness descriptions, murder weapon, etc.), which the police attempt to collect through investigative activities.

10.The major problem for the police in conducting a criminal investigation is that not only there are potentially massive amounts of information available, but the relevance of the information is often unknown, the information is often incomplete, and the information is often inaccurate.

Упражнение 14. Дайте ответы на вопросы к тексту 1.

1.What is criminal investigation?

2.What happened in 1700 BC?

3.What is a criminal investigator?

4.Who collects facts to identify and locate the suspect?

5.How many phases are there in the investigation?

6.What does the investigator do in the first stage?

7.What does the investigation deal with in the second stage?

8.When is it necessary to trace a fugitive?

9.What does a great part of investigative work deal with?

10.What is necessary to obtain additional evidence?

11.Who uses unofficial sources of information?

12.Which is the most difficult phase of the investigation?

13.What does the investigator gather the facts for?

14.What is the final test of the investigation?

15.What must the investigator do for a successful investigation?

Упражнение 15. Найдите в тексте 1 предложения, выражающие основную мысль каждого абзаца, и составьте на их основе план пересказа текста.

Упражнение 16. Составьте рассказ о расследовании преступлений по плану упражнения 14.

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Text 2

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания к нему.

ANALYZING EVIDENCE

Collecting evidence is the matter of the utmost importance in the crime investigation process.

Evidence can be split into two areas: testimonial evidence and physical one. The testimonial evidence would be any witnessed accounts of an offense. The physical evidence would refer to any material item that would be presented to prove or disprove the facts of the happening.

Evidence may prove

that a crime has been committed, establish any key elements of a crime, link a suspect with a crime or a victim and help identify them as well as corroborate verbal witness testimony and acquit the innocent.

Each type of evidence has a specific value in an investigation. The value of evidence should be kept in mind by the investigator when doing a crime scene investigation: to collect more evidence at a crime scene is wiser than not to collect enough evidence.

Because any item has the potential to become a piece of evidence in an investigation, a wide range of procedures may be used in analyzing evidence in a criminal case.

Handwriting analysis involves the examination of the design, shape and structure of handwriting to determine authorship of a given handwriting sample. The basic principle is that every person develops unique peculiarities and characteristics in their handwriting.

Metallurgical investigation makes it possible to identify the source of an item - metal, plastic, ceramic or other material – found at the crime scene, to determine if two similar items were fractured from each other, the nature of the force causing the fracture, the direction from which the force came and the time of separation of fragments.

Mineralogical examination is to study soil, plaster, cement, brick, concrete and glass for any evidence.

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Toxicology may be defined as the science of poisons. The specimens ordinarily examined in cases of suspected poisoning are tissue samples from vital organs, blood, food, drink and the suspected poison itself.

Firearms are identified through microscopic imperfections that appear in gun barrels during manufacture. Subsequent use and wear contribute further to a weapon individuality.

Blood spatters help in reconstructing a crime scene. They can be used to prove or disprove alibi or to

convict the guilty. The patterns of the spatters and the shapes of the individual blood droplets themselves can tell how the crime has been committed.

Chain of custody is of great importance to any investigation. It is the unbroken sequence of events that is caused by an item of evidence from the time it is found at the crime scene to the time it appears in court. Every link in this chain is documented, from discovery at the crime scene, through evidence gathering, storage, and lab analysis return to storage, and transfer to court. Every link is documented by date, time, and handling person, what was done with the evidence by that person. If chain of custody is broken, it is

considered inadmissible, useless to the case.

Слова и словосочетания к тексту 2:

testimonial evidence – показания свидетелей как доказательства physical evidence – вещественные доказательства

corroborate – подтверждать verbal – устный

acquit the innocent – оправдать невиновного handwriting – почерк

to fracture – ломать

tissue samples – образцы тканей imperfections – изъяны spatters – брызги

chain of custody – порядок передачи и хранения вещественных доказательств

sequence of events – последовательность событий

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Задание 1. Прочтите и переведите текст, используя слова и словосочетания к тексту и англорусский словарь.

Задание 2. Сформулируйте тему прочитанного текста на русском и английском языках.

Задание 3. Прочтите текст по абзацам и укажите подтему каждого абзаца. Выпишите из каждого абзаца те предложения, которые несут основную информацию, и передайте их содержание на русском языке.

Задание 4. Выпишите из каждого абзаца те предложения, которые несут информацию, уточняющую и расширяющую основную мысль. Передайте содержание этих предложений на русском языке.

Задание 5. Составьте план реферата по теме текста и обобщите полученную информацию в единый связный русский текст реферата в соответствии с составленным планом.

Задание 6. Подготовьте краткое изложение содержания текста на английском языке.

Text 3

Выполните письменный перевод текста.

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION DEPARTMENT

The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is the branch of all territorial police forces within the British Police, and many other Commonwealth police forces, to which plain clothes detectives belong.

In 1854, with an increasing amount of detective work to be done, Nottingham Borough Police set up the county's first CID section.

The Metropolitan Police Service CID, the first such organisation, was

fer to the branch and receive further training when they do so. While training they are referred to as a Temporary Detective Constable (TDC) and after completing the national Initial Crime Investigators' Development Programme, typically taking around two years, they become a fully fledged Detective Constable (DC).

CID officers are involved in investigation of major crimes such as rape, murder, serious assault, fraud, and any other offences that require complex detection. They are responsible for acting upon intelligence received and then building a case.

In the United Kingdom, smaller police stations usually have more uniformed officers than CID officers, typically five Detective Constables (DC) with a Detective Sergeant (DS) in overall command. In larger stations many DCs, DSs and Detective Inspectors will be present under the overall responsibility of the Detective Chief Inspector.

Members of the Criminal In-

vestigation Department (CID) up to and including the rank of Chief Superintendent prefix their ranks with “Detective”. Detective ranks are equivalent to their uniform counterparts.

Traditionally when an officer joined the CID he or she would do so for life, giving up the opportunity for anything more than a very limited chance of promotion in exchange for the pay and allowances of a detective

– and of course the much more interesting and rewarding work within the CID environment. Nowadays many officers have found it financially difficult to remain within the CID and have returned to uniformed duties to seek easier promotion. This has had a knock-on effect with fewer and fewer officers opting to train as detectives. Within the UK nationally there is a

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