Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of “that” / “those”

1. Those meters are only used in D. C. circuits.

2. Resistive transducers fall into 2 groups:

a) those whose resistance is varied by a physical or chemical change, and

b) those whose resistance is varied by the movement of contacts.

3. Then we say that there is an electric current in the conductor.

4. The portion of a wave which lies above the zero current axis is called the positive half cycle and that below the axis is named the negative half cycle.

5. This method is very suitable for small systems like those for the control of high-pressure switch-gear.

6. The action that takes place in the cathode-grid space is analogous to that occurring in a diode tube.

7. The computer also displays information on a system dispatcher’s console in lighted numbers that can be read from a distance.

8. The year of 1897 was that of considerable victory for the inventor of radio, who began experimenting on a large scale.

9. The revived interest in point-contact types of crystal detector during World War II resulted from the fact that these devices can be used at higher frequencies than can vacuum diodes.

10. The flux density at which saturation takes place is less than that for silicon steel.

11. Those most widely used are germanium, silicon, selenium and copper oxide.

12. It is the resistivity that is offered to the flow of current at very high frequency.

13. If the indication is reverse, the indication with normal condition is added to that of the blue wattmeter.

14. This control electrode serves a function analogous to that of the control grid action of an ordinary vacuum tube.

15. The signal voltage that is to be detected is coupled into the tuned grid circuit of the detector.

16. With the same direction of current flow, the heating-cooling effects at the junctions are opposite to those of n-type material.

17. The voltage on the lamp will be greater than that on the other.

18. This field exerts a force on the electron that is in a direction opposite to that of the flux lines.

19. The action is similar to that of a diode, except that the grid still has some rotating effects on the electrons.

4. IV. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of “one”/”ones”

1. When used for ranges other than this one, the scale readings must be multiplied or divided by a number corresponding to the range.

2. A direct current is one which always flows in the same direction, although it may vary in magnitude.

3. An alternating current is one which varies its direction periodically.

4. This current flows first in one direction and then in the other and the time of each variation is constant.

5. When power is applied one transistor will always conduct a little more heavily than the other.

6. The light-sensitive surface is usually provided with two leads, either one of which may be used.

7. These two constant-voltage outputs are two ones generally used in school and relatively low-powered industrial applications.

8. One should mention that conversion current cannot be set up in solids because the molecules in solids are not free to move from point to point.

9. One should take into consideration that the positive terminal of the meter is connected to the positive terminal of the source.

V. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention on to the use of correlative coordination: both…and; either…or; neither …nor:

1. Both chemical and mechanical energy can be transformed into electricity.

2. Between conductors and insulators are many materials which are neither good conductors nor acceptable insulators.

3. If a battery is added in series with a clipping there may be either above or below zero voltage, depending on the polarity of the battery.

4. A quantity meter has a current circuit only; an energy meter has both current and voltage circuit.

5. The beam emerging from the electron gun may be deflected either electro- statically or magnetically.

6. Fail-safe features are incorporated with both high and low level alarm relays energized under “normal” conditions.

7. Both the information to be processed and the instructions to process it are stored in the memory cells of the computer.

8. Radiation sensors are available as either electron tube devices known as phototubes or solid state semiconductor devices known as photocells.

VI. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of “since”, “as”, “for”:

1. The indication of an ohmmeter is independent of the actual value of the testing voltage, since the instrument measures a ratio.

2. Traveling through solids, the electric current can flow through liquids and gases as well.

3. Fuses are used as safety devices.

4. We need electricity, for it is used both in our homes and in industry.

5. An electromagnet loses its magnetic properties as soon as the current is turned off.

6. The magnetic effect of an electric current is the subject of the present article, as for the heating effect it was dealt with before.

7. The generators must be as large as possible and they should be kept loaded as fully as possible.

8. Since the open branch has no current, a bulb connected across it cannot light.

9. For this reason the capacity of a fixed capacitor does not change.

10. Since copper wire conductors have a very low resistance a minimum voltage drop is produced in them.

11. It should be taken into consideration that most materials change the value of resistance as their temperature changes.

12. For example, most semiconductors conduct because of the impurities present in them.

13. Any active network, such as an amplifier or oscillator, must contain one or more vacuum tubes transistors or other active network elements.

14. The number of changes of current direction, called cycles in every second is known as the frequency.

15. As the ray- cathode electrode becomes less negative, the shadow angle decreases.

16. Similar circuits have now been built for use as d. c. regulators, and will be called switched regulators.

17. Since coil operates this device a control circuit and its supply must be added.