- •1. “To be” and its functions.
- •I. Make the following sentences negative and translate them:
- •II. Ask general questions and give the short answers:
- •III. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative and translate them:
- •III. Make the sentences negative and translate them:
- •3. Simple Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •Put the sentences in the Past and Future Simple Tense:
- •Make the following sentences negative and interrogative and translate them:
- •Make up all possible kinds of questions:
- •IV. Translate the sentence, state the tense and the voice of the verbs:
- •V. Define the predicates of the following simple sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •VI. Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences and translate them:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the form of the verb in the subordinate clause of time and condition:
- •IX. Say the following sentences in the Past Simple (Active). Don’t forget to make the necessary changes:
- •X. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •XI. Say the following sentences in the Simple Passive. Use the words in heavy type as the subjects of your sentences.
- •XII. Say the following sentences in Ukrainian. Take into account the possible ways of translating the passive voice.
- •4. Continuous Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice:
- •Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •IV Read the following sentences and say which of them are in the Active and which are in the Passive Voice. Translate them:
- •V. Translate the following word-groups. Pay attention to the tense-forms of the predicates:
- •VI. Analyse the functions of the verb to be. Translate the sentences:
- •5. Perfect Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of perfect forms:
- •II. Make the sentences interrogative and give short answers:
- •III. State the tense forms and translate the following sentences:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice:
- •V. State the tense forms of the verbs and translate the sentences:
- •IX. Compare the use of the Past Simple and the Present Perfect in the following sentences, translate them
- •X. Define the functions of the verb to have in the following sentences. Translate them:
- •6. Sequence of Tenses
- •I. Translate the sentences paying attention to the sequence of tenses:
- •II. Change the sentences from direct into reported speech. Mind the rule of sequence of tenses:
- •III. Compare the pairs of sentences paying special attention to the tense form of a predicate in the main clause and sub clause.
- •IV. Translate the sentences paying particular attention to the modal verbs and its equivalents in the sub clauses.
- •7. Modal Verbs
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the modal verbs:
- •III. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the use of modal verbs and their equivalents:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to modal verbs with Perfect Infinitive:
- •V. Translate the sentences and explain the use of modal verbs:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the form of the infinitive.
- •8. Nouns as Attributes
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the underlined attributive word-combinations.
- •II. Choose the appropriate translation for the given word-combinations.
- •9. Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •IV.Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the degrees of comparison of adjectives.
- •V. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the degrees of comparison:
- •VI. Translate the following sentences:
- •10. Quantifiers: some/any/no/much/few/little.
- •I. Make the following sentences interrogative. Pay attention to the use of “some”, “any”, “no” and their derivatives.
- •II. Translate the following sentences.
- •III. Fill-in the blanks with many, much, little, few, a little, a few.
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of participles:
- •XIV. Choose the sentences with the Absolute Participial Clause from the ones given below. Translate them:
- •XX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the participles and participle clauses:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences. Note the words which help you to define whether the word with the suffix -ing is a Verbal Noun, a Gerund or a Participle:
- •III. Define the types of conditional clauses in the following complex sentences and translate them:
- •IV. Define the functions of should and would. Translate the sentences:
- •V. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs in Subjunctive Mood:
- •VI. Translate the sentences using one of the ways given in the example:
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs in Subjunctive Mood:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "should":
- •IX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "would":
- •X. Translate the following conditional sentences paying attention to emphatic inversion:
- •15.Inversion.
- •I. Translate the sentences with inversion:
- •II. Translate the sentences with inversion paying attention to the place of the predicate:
- •IV. Translate the sentences with inversion beginning with the word "so"(також):
- •V. Translate the sentences with inversion paying attention to the conjunctions "as" and "though":
- •VI. Translate the sentences using inversion:
- •VII. Translate the sentences with inversion:
- •16. Elliptic Sentences.
- •I. Translate the following elliptic sentences:
- •II. Translate the following groups of words and sentences with ellipsis:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences with ellipsis:
- •17. “It”, “that” / “those”, “one” / “ones”, “both…and”; “either…or”; “neither…nor”, “since”, “as” “for”.
- •II. Translate the following cleft sentences
- •It is …that (who, which),
- •It is not until…that.
- •Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of “that” / “those”
- •18. Complex Sentences (Zero “that”- clause).
IV. Translate the following sentences with ellipsis:
Although a theoretical possibility, the nuclear rocket motor is not likely to be used within the next few years.
Electrical disturbances, no matter how weak, produce radio waves which are picked up by the antenna of the receiver.
The total wing area will be determined by the gross weight of the airplane, the airfoil used, the type of high lift device, if any, and the required landing speed.
Galileo proved that objects fall at the same speed whatever their weight.
Though a quarter of million miles away, the Moon is our nearest neighbor in space.
When visible, sunspots are the most interesting objects on the solar surface.
The light of the Sun is very intense, it is about 900 million times that received from Venus, when at her brightest.
No matter how complex the machine, it is always made up of standard simple machines.
Electric charge, although not directly observable, makes itself evident by such means as the mechanical force between charged bodies, or the heating, magnetic or chemical effects associated with its motion as an electric current.
The first observations of stellar ultra-violet radiation have already been made, and although preliminary have yielded some surprising results.
17. “It”, “that” / “those”, “one” / “ones”, “both…and”; “either…or”; “neither…nor”, “since”, “as” “for”.
Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of “it”, ”that”.
1. It is easy to transform A. C. power from one voltage to another by means of the transformers.
2. There are some areas in which it is difficult to differentiate between analog and digital methods.
3. When an insulator is connected to a voltage source, it stores electric charge and a potential is produced on the insulator.
4. The inductance of a conductor shows how well it can provide induced voltage.
5. It is in industrial technology and scientific development that electronic tools made a great contribution.
6. An electron is very small and it has a very small mass, many times smaller than the atom it came from.
7. It was then that the idea of developing a translating machine was born.
8. The flow of current interested scientists for a long time; at first they thought it to be a liquid.
9. It is the sun that is an unlimited source of energy.
II. Translate the following cleft sentences
It is …that (who, which),
It is not until…that.
It is these special properties of sound that are the subject of the present chapter.
It was the Dutch physicist Christian Huygens who first offered an explanation for the phenomena.
It was not until about 1911 that a first really successful
theory of atomic structure was suggested by Rutherford.
It was not until Einstein discovered the connection between gravitation and inertia that the mystery Newton could not understand was solved.
Radioactive phenomena occur within the nucleus, and it is here that mass and positive charge resides.
A solenoid carrying a current behaves just like a magnet. It was the great French physicist Ampere who first showed this to be the case.
It is these properties of crystals that are the most important.
It was not until 1953 that this book was published.
It was not until Roentgen discovered X-rays that scientists began to take interest in this subject