II. Change the sentences from direct into reported speech. Mind the rule of sequence of tenses:

Example: She said, "I am going to the theatre with my brother."

She said that she was going to the theatre with her brother.

1. She said, "I'll be ready in a few minutes." 2. He said to me, "My sister has not finished her homework yet."3. My brother said, "These photographs are not very good." 4. Her friend said, "This letter is full of interesting news. It reached me two days ago." 5. She asked, "Has it been raining all day?’’ 6. The librarian asked, "Have the books come? ‘’ 7. She said to me, "I have never been to Paris." 8. The scientist said "I'll work at my thesis next year." 9. He said. "I am studying English at the University." 10. The professor said to the students, "The next lecture will be on linear motion." 12. She asked the student, "Can you translate this article?’’13. The teacher said to us, "Don't look up the words in a dictionary when you translate such an easy text." 14. In 1905 Albert Einstein declared "Matter can be converted into energy.”

III. Compare the pairs of sentences paying special attention to the tense form of a predicate in the main clause and sub clause.

1.It is interesting to mentionthat at least a hundred organic compoundsare addedevery day. Itwas mentionedin the report that more than 3, 000,000 organic compoundswere alreadyknown.

2. Everybody knowsthat televisionis developingswiftly in our country. Weheardthat the new television stationwas being equippedwith the most modern transistor devices.

3. It is statedin the newspaper that in recent years scientistshave been looking for new means of generating electricity. The numerous experiments madeshowedthat scientistshad succeededin developing more effective processes of producing electricity directly from fuel.

4. It is stressedin the article that spaceship engineerswill makeuse of polymers that can withstand high temperatures and cosmic radiation. The methods developed and the results obtainedproved that therewould belarge but light ships made of plastics in future.

IV. Translate the sentences paying particular attention to the modal verbs and its equivalents in the sub clauses.

1. 1. The newspaper wrotethat in the modern world peoplecould notimagine their life without radio and television. 2. The teachersaid that wemight complete our drawings the next week. 3. Like all true scientists Einstein knew that he had to be patient in his researches. 4. It was decided that every student was to carry out such an experiment.

2. 1. Mendeleyev predicted that there must exist a few unknown elements with quite definite properties. 2. It was said at the conference that care should be taken to obtain a sufficient amount of light in buildings where men are at work. 3. The chief engineer explained to the students that they always ought to know the properties of materials and the conditions under which the part has to be worked.

7. Modal Verbs

I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the modal verbs:

1. Heat is a form of energy and may be measured in the units which energy is measured. 2. We must say that the discovery of energy is as important as the discovery of fire. 3. Electronic machines can add, subtract, multiply and divide much quicker than man 4. The origin of automation can be traced back to the early days of the industrial revolution. 5. She may use different methods in her research work. 6. For a long time scientists could not discover the secret of atom. 7. This equipment can work with high accuracy. 8 You may use these devices in your research work. 9. The atom is a great force that must be used for the good of mankind. 10, Chemists must create the materials which don't exist in nature. 11. Naturally, this circuit can be modified if necessary. 12. This kind of energy must find application in transport.

II. Choose the sentences where the verbs to have and to be are used in the functions of modal verbs and translate them:

1. These devices have been used in our experiment. 2. Scientists have to work hard to create a new atomic technique. 3. A modern computer has two main parts: a memory and a computing unit. 4. As the known resources of coal and oil are limited, man has to find new sources of power. 5. Very difficult calculations in mathematics and elect­rical engineering have to be solved by computers. 6. People of good will have to struggle for peaceful use of atomic energy. 7. We are to take into consideration all the advantages and disadvantages of this device for the future work. 8. We are to take special steps to reduce the weight of this mechanical part. 9. These new data are obtained after our experiment. 10. At present our engineers are to develop the most advanced methods of production. 11. Our design bureau has to construct a new adding machine. 12. This device has been used in our experiment. 13. The experts are to inspect this plant.