- •1. “To be” and its functions.
- •I. Make the following sentences negative and translate them:
- •II. Ask general questions and give the short answers:
- •III. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative and translate them:
- •III. Make the sentences negative and translate them:
- •3. Simple Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •Put the sentences in the Past and Future Simple Tense:
- •Make the following sentences negative and interrogative and translate them:
- •Make up all possible kinds of questions:
- •IV. Translate the sentence, state the tense and the voice of the verbs:
- •V. Define the predicates of the following simple sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •VI. Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences and translate them:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the form of the verb in the subordinate clause of time and condition:
- •IX. Say the following sentences in the Past Simple (Active). Don’t forget to make the necessary changes:
- •X. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •XI. Say the following sentences in the Simple Passive. Use the words in heavy type as the subjects of your sentences.
- •XII. Say the following sentences in Ukrainian. Take into account the possible ways of translating the passive voice.
- •4. Continuous Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice:
- •Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •IV Read the following sentences and say which of them are in the Active and which are in the Passive Voice. Translate them:
- •V. Translate the following word-groups. Pay attention to the tense-forms of the predicates:
- •VI. Analyse the functions of the verb to be. Translate the sentences:
- •5. Perfect Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of perfect forms:
- •II. Make the sentences interrogative and give short answers:
- •III. State the tense forms and translate the following sentences:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice:
- •V. State the tense forms of the verbs and translate the sentences:
- •IX. Compare the use of the Past Simple and the Present Perfect in the following sentences, translate them
- •X. Define the functions of the verb to have in the following sentences. Translate them:
- •6. Sequence of Tenses
- •I. Translate the sentences paying attention to the sequence of tenses:
- •II. Change the sentences from direct into reported speech. Mind the rule of sequence of tenses:
- •III. Compare the pairs of sentences paying special attention to the tense form of a predicate in the main clause and sub clause.
- •IV. Translate the sentences paying particular attention to the modal verbs and its equivalents in the sub clauses.
- •7. Modal Verbs
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the modal verbs:
- •III. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the use of modal verbs and their equivalents:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to modal verbs with Perfect Infinitive:
- •V. Translate the sentences and explain the use of modal verbs:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the form of the infinitive.
- •8. Nouns as Attributes
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the underlined attributive word-combinations.
- •II. Choose the appropriate translation for the given word-combinations.
- •9. Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •IV.Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the degrees of comparison of adjectives.
- •V. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the degrees of comparison:
- •VI. Translate the following sentences:
- •10. Quantifiers: some/any/no/much/few/little.
- •I. Make the following sentences interrogative. Pay attention to the use of “some”, “any”, “no” and their derivatives.
- •II. Translate the following sentences.
- •III. Fill-in the blanks with many, much, little, few, a little, a few.
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of participles:
- •XIV. Choose the sentences with the Absolute Participial Clause from the ones given below. Translate them:
- •XX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the participles and participle clauses:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences. Note the words which help you to define whether the word with the suffix -ing is a Verbal Noun, a Gerund or a Participle:
- •III. Define the types of conditional clauses in the following complex sentences and translate them:
- •IV. Define the functions of should and would. Translate the sentences:
- •V. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs in Subjunctive Mood:
- •VI. Translate the sentences using one of the ways given in the example:
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs in Subjunctive Mood:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "should":
- •IX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "would":
- •X. Translate the following conditional sentences paying attention to emphatic inversion:
- •15.Inversion.
- •I. Translate the sentences with inversion:
- •II. Translate the sentences with inversion paying attention to the place of the predicate:
- •IV. Translate the sentences with inversion beginning with the word "so"(також):
- •V. Translate the sentences with inversion paying attention to the conjunctions "as" and "though":
- •VI. Translate the sentences using inversion:
- •VII. Translate the sentences with inversion:
- •16. Elliptic Sentences.
- •I. Translate the following elliptic sentences:
- •II. Translate the following groups of words and sentences with ellipsis:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences with ellipsis:
- •17. “It”, “that” / “those”, “one” / “ones”, “both…and”; “either…or”; “neither…nor”, “since”, “as” “for”.
- •II. Translate the following cleft sentences
- •It is …that (who, which),
- •It is not until…that.
- •Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of “that” / “those”
- •18. Complex Sentences (Zero “that”- clause).
9. Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
Open the brackets using the proper form of the adjectives:
Mercury is the (small) planet in our solar system, it is the (close) one to the Sun. Apart from the Sun itself the sunny side of Mercury is the (hot) place in the solar system. But the dark side of Mercury is probably even (cold) than the (far) planet Pluto. It is strange to find the (hot) and the (cold) parts of the solar system on the same planet. The (good) time to see Mercury is spring.
Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of as…as:
1. Venus is nearly as big as the Earth. 2. No planet is as hot as the Sun. 3. The speed at which the Earth revolves round the Sun is nearly as high as that of Venus. 4. When Mars is at its greatest distance from the Earth it is nearly as bright as the Polar Star.
1. The distance from the Sun to the Earth is as great as 150 million kilometers. 2. The temperature at the Sun’s center is as high as 20 million degrees Centigrade. 3. The Moon is as far as 384 thousand kilometers from the Earth.
1. The mass of the Sun is 11 times as dense as lead. 2. Every square mile on the sunny side of Mercury receives seven times as much heat as a square mile on the Earth. 3. The year on Mars is twice as long as that on the Earth. 4. Mars is 150 times as far from us as the Moon.
1. Mars as well as Venus is a planet where no life exists. 2. A solid has length as well as width. It has thickness as well. 3. Metals as well as minerals are of great importance in industry. 4. The English system of weights was used in England as well as in a number of other countries.
Translate the following sentences with unequal comparisons:
1. Scientists today know much more about the properties of solids than they did 40 years ago. 2. The distance from the Sun to the Earth is much longer than that from the Moon. 3. The number of discoveries in this century will be much bigger than in the previous one. 4. The new method of converting mechanical energy into electrical one is much more efficient. 5. Due to low accuracy of this instrument it is much worse to make measurements with it. 6. The lowest temperature on the Earth is –80°C. There are far lower temperatures on other planets.
IV.Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the degrees of comparison of adjectives.
'A. l. This classroom is larger and lighter than other classrooms. It is the largest and the lightest room here. 2. Mathematics is more important for technical students than many other subjects. 3. Lesson 3 is much easier than lesson 4. 4. This article is much more interesting than that one. 5. Exercise 10 is the most difficult one. 6. This instrument is more efficient than the other one. 7. This town is as large as that one. 8. These engines are not so powerful as those motors. 9. The speed of the first sputniks was as big as 11 kilometers per second.
B. 1. The nearer the earth, the denser the atmosphere. 2. The higher the voltage, the higher is the electron velocity. 3. The bigger the mass, the bigger the weight of the body. 4. The higher the temperature, the more rapid is the motion of the molecules. 5. The greater the number of free electrons in a substance, the better this substance conducts electricity.