- •1. “To be” and its functions.
- •I. Make the following sentences negative and translate them:
- •II. Ask general questions and give the short answers:
- •III. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative and translate them:
- •III. Make the sentences negative and translate them:
- •3. Simple Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •Put the sentences in the Past and Future Simple Tense:
- •Make the following sentences negative and interrogative and translate them:
- •Make up all possible kinds of questions:
- •IV. Translate the sentence, state the tense and the voice of the verbs:
- •V. Define the predicates of the following simple sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •VI. Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences and translate them:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the form of the verb in the subordinate clause of time and condition:
- •IX. Say the following sentences in the Past Simple (Active). Don’t forget to make the necessary changes:
- •X. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •XI. Say the following sentences in the Simple Passive. Use the words in heavy type as the subjects of your sentences.
- •XII. Say the following sentences in Ukrainian. Take into account the possible ways of translating the passive voice.
- •4. Continuous Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice:
- •Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •IV Read the following sentences and say which of them are in the Active and which are in the Passive Voice. Translate them:
- •V. Translate the following word-groups. Pay attention to the tense-forms of the predicates:
- •VI. Analyse the functions of the verb to be. Translate the sentences:
- •5. Perfect Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of perfect forms:
- •II. Make the sentences interrogative and give short answers:
- •III. State the tense forms and translate the following sentences:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice:
- •V. State the tense forms of the verbs and translate the sentences:
- •IX. Compare the use of the Past Simple and the Present Perfect in the following sentences, translate them
- •X. Define the functions of the verb to have in the following sentences. Translate them:
- •6. Sequence of Tenses
- •I. Translate the sentences paying attention to the sequence of tenses:
- •II. Change the sentences from direct into reported speech. Mind the rule of sequence of tenses:
- •III. Compare the pairs of sentences paying special attention to the tense form of a predicate in the main clause and sub clause.
- •IV. Translate the sentences paying particular attention to the modal verbs and its equivalents in the sub clauses.
- •7. Modal Verbs
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the modal verbs:
- •III. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the use of modal verbs and their equivalents:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to modal verbs with Perfect Infinitive:
- •V. Translate the sentences and explain the use of modal verbs:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the form of the infinitive.
- •8. Nouns as Attributes
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the underlined attributive word-combinations.
- •II. Choose the appropriate translation for the given word-combinations.
- •9. Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •IV.Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the degrees of comparison of adjectives.
- •V. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the degrees of comparison:
- •VI. Translate the following sentences:
- •10. Quantifiers: some/any/no/much/few/little.
- •I. Make the following sentences interrogative. Pay attention to the use of “some”, “any”, “no” and their derivatives.
- •II. Translate the following sentences.
- •III. Fill-in the blanks with many, much, little, few, a little, a few.
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of participles:
- •XIV. Choose the sentences with the Absolute Participial Clause from the ones given below. Translate them:
- •XX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the participles and participle clauses:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences. Note the words which help you to define whether the word with the suffix -ing is a Verbal Noun, a Gerund or a Participle:
- •III. Define the types of conditional clauses in the following complex sentences and translate them:
- •IV. Define the functions of should and would. Translate the sentences:
- •V. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs in Subjunctive Mood:
- •VI. Translate the sentences using one of the ways given in the example:
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs in Subjunctive Mood:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "should":
- •IX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "would":
- •X. Translate the following conditional sentences paying attention to emphatic inversion:
- •15.Inversion.
- •I. Translate the sentences with inversion:
- •II. Translate the sentences with inversion paying attention to the place of the predicate:
- •IV. Translate the sentences with inversion beginning with the word "so"(також):
- •V. Translate the sentences with inversion paying attention to the conjunctions "as" and "though":
- •VI. Translate the sentences using inversion:
- •VII. Translate the sentences with inversion:
- •16. Elliptic Sentences.
- •I. Translate the following elliptic sentences:
- •II. Translate the following groups of words and sentences with ellipsis:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences with ellipsis:
- •17. “It”, “that” / “those”, “one” / “ones”, “both…and”; “either…or”; “neither…nor”, “since”, “as” “for”.
- •II. Translate the following cleft sentences
- •It is …that (who, which),
- •It is not until…that.
- •Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of “that” / “those”
- •18. Complex Sentences (Zero “that”- clause).
VII. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the form of the infinitive.
1. It was found that under certain conditions the electrons may be made to obtain enough energy to overcome the surface restraint.
2. Currents of electricity can be produced by certain chemical actions.
3. If necessary, AC can be transformed to the D.C. form for actual use.
4. It is easy to transform AC power from one voltage to another by means of the transformer, but this operation cannot be done with the DC power.
5. The cathode of an electronic tube may be made in the form of a filament of a high resistance material.
6. The element should be made of a material that is a poor emitter of electrons.
7. They must be used to transform light and heat energy directly into electric energy.
8. It should be remembered that an electron, being negatively charged, will move towards the other end of the circuit, called "positive".
9. If the system is to serve as a voltmeter, a resistor has to be added in series.
10. To obtain the above results the diameter of the wire must be changed.
11. The instrument may have been improved, because it became more accurate.
8. Nouns as Attributes
I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the underlined attributive word-combinations.
An oscillating current varies periodically at a frequency determined by the circuit constants.
To achieve reliability individual circuit bricks are used.
The computer variables may be displacements, velocities, accelerations, pressures, temperatures, or angles.
4. The Russian text is printed out on a paper tape.
Conduction takes place due to generation of electron-hole pairs by thermal energy.
6. Here we see the temperature dependence of resistance of 3 samples of germanium over a wide temperature range.
7. The ordinary method of producing high-frequency waves is by means of vacuum tubes.
8. The thermionic tube is finding an important place in the power field, as a rectifier, leading to the development of direct-current power transmission systems and of direct-current excitation apparatus to replace the rotating machines.
9. The armature magnet conductors are laid in slots cut in the iron core parallel to the shaft.
10. Each end of an armature coil is connected to an insulated copper segment that is part of a cylindrical group.
11. The series motor field must carry the full armature current.
12. It should be noted, that mercury-arc rectifiers and electronic devices may make DC. high-voltage transmission popular.
13. Switches of this kind are classified under a general term of safety-type switches or simply safety switches.
II. Choose the appropriate translation for the given word-combinations.
1. The electronic control system 1.векторна діаграма в прямокутних координатах
2. Computer technology 2.перекидна схема
3. Programme - controlled metal 3.лінія передачи надвисокої напруги
working machine tool
4. Battery-charging motor 4.контрольно-сигнальний прилад
5. Electronic data processing 5.функціональна схема організації equipment технологічного процесу
6. Rolled stock production 6.конструкція заданої форми
7. Travelling wave linear accelerator 7.електронне обладнання для обробки
даних
8. Zero-signal screen current 8.мотори-генератори з батарейним
підзарядженням
9. Flip - flop circuit 9.машина особливого призначення
10. Clock-phase diagram 10.одиничний позитивний заряд
11. Iron and steel industry 11.генератор з приводом від двигуна
12. Cybernetic designer 12.автоматичний верстат
13. Trunk gas pipe-line 13.теплообмінник з мідною трубою
14. Continuous cycle production 14.електронно-обчислювальна техніка
15. Super high-voltage supply 15.магістральний газопровід
16. True-to-shape design 16.кібернетичний конструктор
17. Tell-tale signal device 17.чорна металургія
18. Analog-to-digital converter 18.метало-обробний верстат з
програмним керуванням
19. Special purpose machine 19.виробництво прокату
20. Unit positive charge 20.безперервний процес виробництва
21. Engine-driven generator 21.екранний струм покою
22. Transfer machine 22.лінійний прискорювач з блукаючою
хвилею
23. Copper-tube heat exchanger 23.аналого-цифровий перетворювач
24. Production engineering functional 24.електронна система керування
organization chart