- •1. “To be” and its functions.
- •I. Make the following sentences negative and translate them:
- •II. Ask general questions and give the short answers:
- •III. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative and translate them:
- •III. Make the sentences negative and translate them:
- •3. Simple Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •Put the sentences in the Past and Future Simple Tense:
- •Make the following sentences negative and interrogative and translate them:
- •Make up all possible kinds of questions:
- •IV. Translate the sentence, state the tense and the voice of the verbs:
- •V. Define the predicates of the following simple sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •VI. Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences and translate them:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the form of the verb in the subordinate clause of time and condition:
- •IX. Say the following sentences in the Past Simple (Active). Don’t forget to make the necessary changes:
- •X. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •XI. Say the following sentences in the Simple Passive. Use the words in heavy type as the subjects of your sentences.
- •XII. Say the following sentences in Ukrainian. Take into account the possible ways of translating the passive voice.
- •4. Continuous Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice:
- •Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •IV Read the following sentences and say which of them are in the Active and which are in the Passive Voice. Translate them:
- •V. Translate the following word-groups. Pay attention to the tense-forms of the predicates:
- •VI. Analyse the functions of the verb to be. Translate the sentences:
- •5. Perfect Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of perfect forms:
- •II. Make the sentences interrogative and give short answers:
- •III. State the tense forms and translate the following sentences:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice:
- •V. State the tense forms of the verbs and translate the sentences:
- •IX. Compare the use of the Past Simple and the Present Perfect in the following sentences, translate them
- •X. Define the functions of the verb to have in the following sentences. Translate them:
- •6. Sequence of Tenses
- •I. Translate the sentences paying attention to the sequence of tenses:
- •II. Change the sentences from direct into reported speech. Mind the rule of sequence of tenses:
- •III. Compare the pairs of sentences paying special attention to the tense form of a predicate in the main clause and sub clause.
- •IV. Translate the sentences paying particular attention to the modal verbs and its equivalents in the sub clauses.
- •7. Modal Verbs
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the modal verbs:
- •III. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the use of modal verbs and their equivalents:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to modal verbs with Perfect Infinitive:
- •V. Translate the sentences and explain the use of modal verbs:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the form of the infinitive.
- •8. Nouns as Attributes
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the underlined attributive word-combinations.
- •II. Choose the appropriate translation for the given word-combinations.
- •9. Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •IV.Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the degrees of comparison of adjectives.
- •V. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the degrees of comparison:
- •VI. Translate the following sentences:
- •10. Quantifiers: some/any/no/much/few/little.
- •I. Make the following sentences interrogative. Pay attention to the use of “some”, “any”, “no” and their derivatives.
- •II. Translate the following sentences.
- •III. Fill-in the blanks with many, much, little, few, a little, a few.
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of participles:
- •XIV. Choose the sentences with the Absolute Participial Clause from the ones given below. Translate them:
- •XX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the participles and participle clauses:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences. Note the words which help you to define whether the word with the suffix -ing is a Verbal Noun, a Gerund or a Participle:
- •III. Define the types of conditional clauses in the following complex sentences and translate them:
- •IV. Define the functions of should and would. Translate the sentences:
- •V. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs in Subjunctive Mood:
- •VI. Translate the sentences using one of the ways given in the example:
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs in Subjunctive Mood:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "should":
- •IX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "would":
- •X. Translate the following conditional sentences paying attention to emphatic inversion:
- •15.Inversion.
- •I. Translate the sentences with inversion:
- •II. Translate the sentences with inversion paying attention to the place of the predicate:
- •IV. Translate the sentences with inversion beginning with the word "so"(також):
- •V. Translate the sentences with inversion paying attention to the conjunctions "as" and "though":
- •VI. Translate the sentences using inversion:
- •VII. Translate the sentences with inversion:
- •16. Elliptic Sentences.
- •I. Translate the following elliptic sentences:
- •II. Translate the following groups of words and sentences with ellipsis:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences with ellipsis:
- •17. “It”, “that” / “those”, “one” / “ones”, “both…and”; “either…or”; “neither…nor”, “since”, “as” “for”.
- •II. Translate the following cleft sentences
- •It is …that (who, which),
- •It is not until…that.
- •Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of “that” / “those”
- •18. Complex Sentences (Zero “that”- clause).
15.Inversion.
I. Translate the sentences with inversion:
Examples:
1. Revolving around the nucleus are electrons...
Навколо ядра обертаються електрони...
2. Included in this table are the data...
В цю таблицю занесені дані...
Discussed in this chapter are some of the general characteristics inherent to semiconductors.
Included in this section is a description of a typical airborne liquid oxygen system.
Shown on the photo is the equipment available at many airports to start piston-engine aircraft.
Described in this book are all the rocket space-probing craft including the sputniks.
Associated with each electron is a wave which is propagated in the direction of the motion of the electron.
Now under construction at the aircraft plant near N is the research airplane which will reach a height greater than all the preceding aircraft of this type.
Acting on a body are few forces which cannot be neglected.
Of primary importance to science will be the knowledge obtained by sputniks of radiations which bombard the outer layers of the atmosphere before they are filtered by absorbing layers in the lower atmosphere.
Of primary interest to the nuclear physicists are the so-called mesons, which can be produced and studied in the laboratory and which are believed to be closely related to the forces between nuclei.
Similar in structure to the solar system is the atom.
Fundamental to the preliminary design of any reactor is a knowledge of the conditions required for nuclear criticality.
II. Translate the sentences with inversion paying attention to the place of the predicate:
Examples:
1. Only in recent times was the theory developed that...
Тільки недавно була розроблена теорія, що...
2. Only in rare instances docs the operating time of the rocket engine exceed...
Тільки в поодиноких випадках час роботи ракетного двигуна перевищує...
Only in this century have we found how to control, create and destroy the nucleus of the atom.
Not only does the number of protons present in the nucleus determine the element the atom forms, but it determines the chemical characteristics of that element.
Never before has the imagination of mankind been captivated so much by the concept of space.
Not until 1907, when gasoline engines were available, did the first helicopter fly.
Not only did the Greeks know that the Earth was spherical, but they measured its size with an appreciable accuracy.
Science is a continuing process and at no stage can one say that one's knowledge is complete and final.
Not only do electrons increase the mass as they get to higher energies, but at very high energies they actually radiate away their energy as electromagnetic waves, some short enough to appear as visible light.
Although the existence of infrared radiation was realized well over a century ago, only in the last two decades have applications been widespread.
Not only do metals conduct heat, but so do all other substances.
III. Translate the sentences with inversion beginning with the words "neither" or "nor":
Example:
The length of the axial rotation period of the planet remains unknown, nor is the axial inclination known.
Тривалість періоду обертання цієї планети навколо осі невідома, також невідомий нахил її осі.
The Milky Way is not uniform in brightness, nor is the distribution of the stars in the Milky Way uniform.
In the tropical regions of the world, the weather is subjected to the influences of other temperature zones. There exists no well-defined air mass density, neither are there well-defined pressure patterns.
Great cold may not by itself make life (on other planets) impossible, nor by itself may great pressure.
The Moon having no atmosphere, there can be no wind, nor, of course, can there be any noise, for sound is carried by the air.
The result of measuring the intensity of ionizing radiation in the E-layer was quite unexpected, nor had it been foreseen by the solar physicists.
The need for reliable, rapid and efficient means of communication has never been greater than it is today – nor is this need likely to decrease in the future.