- •1. “To be” and its functions.
- •I. Make the following sentences negative and translate them:
- •II. Ask general questions and give the short answers:
- •III. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative and translate them:
- •III. Make the sentences negative and translate them:
- •3. Simple Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •Put the sentences in the Past and Future Simple Tense:
- •Make the following sentences negative and interrogative and translate them:
- •Make up all possible kinds of questions:
- •IV. Translate the sentence, state the tense and the voice of the verbs:
- •V. Define the predicates of the following simple sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •VI. Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences and translate them:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the form of the verb in the subordinate clause of time and condition:
- •IX. Say the following sentences in the Past Simple (Active). Don’t forget to make the necessary changes:
- •X. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •XI. Say the following sentences in the Simple Passive. Use the words in heavy type as the subjects of your sentences.
- •XII. Say the following sentences in Ukrainian. Take into account the possible ways of translating the passive voice.
- •4. Continuous Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice:
- •Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •IV Read the following sentences and say which of them are in the Active and which are in the Passive Voice. Translate them:
- •V. Translate the following word-groups. Pay attention to the tense-forms of the predicates:
- •VI. Analyse the functions of the verb to be. Translate the sentences:
- •5. Perfect Tenses (Active / Passive)
- •I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of perfect forms:
- •II. Make the sentences interrogative and give short answers:
- •III. State the tense forms and translate the following sentences:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice:
- •V. State the tense forms of the verbs and translate the sentences:
- •IX. Compare the use of the Past Simple and the Present Perfect in the following sentences, translate them
- •X. Define the functions of the verb to have in the following sentences. Translate them:
- •6. Sequence of Tenses
- •I. Translate the sentences paying attention to the sequence of tenses:
- •II. Change the sentences from direct into reported speech. Mind the rule of sequence of tenses:
- •III. Compare the pairs of sentences paying special attention to the tense form of a predicate in the main clause and sub clause.
- •IV. Translate the sentences paying particular attention to the modal verbs and its equivalents in the sub clauses.
- •7. Modal Verbs
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the modal verbs:
- •III. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the use of modal verbs and their equivalents:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to modal verbs with Perfect Infinitive:
- •V. Translate the sentences and explain the use of modal verbs:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the form of the infinitive.
- •8. Nouns as Attributes
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the underlined attributive word-combinations.
- •II. Choose the appropriate translation for the given word-combinations.
- •9. Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •IV.Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the degrees of comparison of adjectives.
- •V. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the degrees of comparison:
- •VI. Translate the following sentences:
- •10. Quantifiers: some/any/no/much/few/little.
- •I. Make the following sentences interrogative. Pay attention to the use of “some”, “any”, “no” and their derivatives.
- •II. Translate the following sentences.
- •III. Fill-in the blanks with many, much, little, few, a little, a few.
- •I. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of participles:
- •XIV. Choose the sentences with the Absolute Participial Clause from the ones given below. Translate them:
- •XX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the participles and participle clauses:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences. Note the words which help you to define whether the word with the suffix -ing is a Verbal Noun, a Gerund or a Participle:
- •III. Define the types of conditional clauses in the following complex sentences and translate them:
- •IV. Define the functions of should and would. Translate the sentences:
- •V. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs in Subjunctive Mood:
- •VI. Translate the sentences using one of the ways given in the example:
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs in Subjunctive Mood:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "should":
- •IX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "would":
- •X. Translate the following conditional sentences paying attention to emphatic inversion:
- •15.Inversion.
- •I. Translate the sentences with inversion:
- •II. Translate the sentences with inversion paying attention to the place of the predicate:
- •IV. Translate the sentences with inversion beginning with the word "so"(також):
- •V. Translate the sentences with inversion paying attention to the conjunctions "as" and "though":
- •VI. Translate the sentences using inversion:
- •VII. Translate the sentences with inversion:
- •16. Elliptic Sentences.
- •I. Translate the following elliptic sentences:
- •II. Translate the following groups of words and sentences with ellipsis:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences with ellipsis:
- •17. “It”, “that” / “those”, “one” / “ones”, “both…and”; “either…or”; “neither…nor”, “since”, “as” “for”.
- •II. Translate the following cleft sentences
- •It is …that (who, which),
- •It is not until…that.
- •Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of “that” / “those”
- •18. Complex Sentences (Zero “that”- clause).
16. Elliptic Sentences.
I. Translate the following elliptic sentences:
Example:
When in rapid motion, electrons can produce...
Коли електрони рухаються швидко, вони можуть створювати...
Though invisible in themselves, ultra-violet rays can be utilized in the production of light.
Although a medium-small star, the Sun is over a thousand times as massive as Jupiter.
When at its greatest distance from the Earth, Mars is about half as bright as the Polar star.
Once in the air, the jet aircraft is relatively simple to fly, owing to the absence of some controls.
Although a tremendous achievement, the first rocket-powered gyro-controlled missile was primitive by comparison with many modern guided missiles.
The airships are filled with helium, which, although heavier than hydrogen, is non-inflammable.
Though highly tenuous at this altitude, the atmosphere is still sufficient to exert an influence on the rocket
Although the simplest form of the propulsion unit imaginable, the rocket can assume a large variety of forms.
Once in space, the vehicle moving at high velocity, say in a satellite orbit, requires no further propulsion to stay aloft.
With the launching of Sputnik I on October 4, 1957, the Earth acquired an artificial satellite which, though of only temporary duration, marked the beginning of "the space age".
II. Translate the following groups of words and sentences with ellipsis:
Example:
Whatever the shape of the magnet, it has two poles.
Якою б не була форма магніта, він має два полюси.
Незалежно від форми кожен магніт має два полюси.
Whatever the method, the calculation must be precise...
Whatever the weather conditions, the airport…
No matter how different in detail, many of the projectiles...
The radiation, no matter how small, effects...
However great the pressure changes, the density of the flow...
The general principles of operation of automatic voltage regulators are similar whatever the size and type.
No matter how complicated, the problem of space navigation is expected to be finally solved.
However thin the shock wave, the air speed is reduced and the air heated.
Whatever the source, whatever the method of production, the electrons produced by one method are the same in all respects as those produced by another method.
No matter what the nature of the surfaces that are moving over each other, there is always some opposition to the motion.
Whatever the shape and size of the body, it is always possible to find one point at which a force equal and opposite to the weight of the body can be applied so that the body will remain at rest.
Translate the elliptic sentences with "if any":
Example:
The nucleus determines the radioactive properties, if any, of the atom.
Ядро визначає радіоактивні властивості атома, якщо він такі має.
The effect of weightlessness appears to have given Gagarin little discomfort, if any.
The observations provide definite evidence that the atmosphere on Mercury must be of extreme rarity, if any at all.
With no free oxygen and little, if any, water, Mars still appears to have some evidence of life.
The next problem of importance which occupied most of the investigators in this field was to determine the long-wave limit, if any, of the infra-red radiation.