VIII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "should":

1. If the temperature of the liquid should be raised, a large supply of more swiftly moving molecules is provided.

2. Obviously a flying machine should be stable.

3. It is necessary that fuel lines should be protected against heat.

4. The thermonuclear reaction should not be confused with the nuclear reaction such as takes place in the atom bomb.

5. It should be noted that a multiple-step rocket always has a greater take-off mass than a single-step rocket.

6. A molecule of water is the smallest possible particle of water. If we should divide the molecule we no longer have water.

7. It is required that an airplane engine should be well balanced dynamically and be as free from vibration as possible at all operating speeds.

8. It is desired that an engine used in an airplane should have the least possible fuel and oil consumption.

9. According to theoretical calculations, for a particle to produce a million electrons after travelling through the atmosphere, it should possess initially an energy between 10¹⁵ and 1O¹⁶ ev.

IX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of "would":

1. Heat would be absorbed until the temperature of the absorbing body attains that of the heat.

2. Probably the early users of telephones never dreamed that there would be wireless telephone.

3. It would be useful to remember that the greater the vacuum, the more efficient the rocket becomes.

4. If a "short-circuit" occurs at any place in a circuit, a very large current is caused to flow, and this would heat up the connecting wires.

5. The earliest experiments in flight with heavier-than-air machines were all based upon the idea that success would be attained by imitating the motions of birds.

6. If our Sun were far enough from us, it would look like a star. On the other hand, if any of the stars were close enough to us, they would look like suns.

7. The contact with the vehicle was lost after one month, by which time it had been established that the orbit would not pass sufficiently close to Venus for capture to take place.

8. The laws of mechanics predicted that a lead ball would fall to the Earth at the same rate as an iron ball.

9. A brief list of some of the obvious diagnostic techniques would include measurements of electric currents and voltages induced in the plasma, the use of high-speed photographic equipment, optical spectroscopy, etc.

X. Translate the following conditional sentences paying attention to emphatic inversion:

1. Should the falling body stop all friction would disappear.

2. Were friction removed walking would be impossible.

3. Had the first satellite been placed into a much higher orbit, it would have been of far less use, as the point of greatest interest is the manner in which its movement is affected by drag.

4. The gondola of Explorer II stratospheric balloon was made of magnesium metal and it weighed 450 Ib; had it been made of steel, the weight would have been a ton.

5. Should an electrically neutral atom attain an additional electron, the negative charges would predominate, resulting in a negative ion.

6. Were the test data available the calculation of the parameters for designing a rocket motor would be made from these data.