- •Практикум по закреплению
- •Unit I. Company Structures (sb, p. 4–13)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read the text on p. 6, translate it and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate from Russian using the vocabulary from the text:
- •Task 3. Do the company profile exercise on p. 9 (the Colgate – Palmolive Company)
- •Task 4. Give English equivalents for:
- •Task 5.
- •Task 6. Give Russian equivalents for these phrases:
- •Task 7. Translate from English into Russian without using a dictionary:
- •Task 8. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Unit 2. Recruitment (sb, p. 14–24)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read the text on p.16, translate it and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate from Russian using the vocabulary from the texts:
- •Task 3. Use the appropriate tense forms and answer the questions:
- •Task 4. Give English equivalents for:
- •Task 5. Present simple and present continuous
- •Mindsteps™
- •Task 6. Give Russian equivalents for these phrases:
- •Task 7. Translate from English into Russian without using a dictionary:
- •Task 8. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Unit 3. Retailing (sb, p. 25–33)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read the text on p. 27, translate it and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate from Russian using the vocabulary from the text:
- •Task 3. Do exercises 2 and 3 on p. 28 and answer the questions:
- •Task 4. Give English equivalents for:
- •Task 5. Read the text about a controversial customer service programme at Safeway, a major American supermarket chain
- •A us Grocer’s Embrace of Customer Service
- •International Herald Tribune (adapted)
- •Task 6. Give Russian equivalents for the following phrases:
- •Task 7. Vocabulary Combine a word from a with one from b to match each of the definition below.
- •Task 8. Translate from English into Russian without using a dictionary:
- •Task 9. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Unit 4. Franchising (sb, p. 34–43)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read the text on p. 36, translate it and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate from Russian using the vocabulary from the text.
- •Task 3. Read these replies to some questions about The Sport Shoe franchising program, and complete the gaps with the phrases from the box.
- •Task 4. Decide if the following statements refer to the franchiser (fr), the franchisee (fe) or the information is not given in the text (ng).
- •Task 5. Vocabulary. Make nouns by adding a suffix (-ity, -ness, -ment, -tion) to the words below.
- •Task 6. Give Russian equivalents for the following phrases:
- •Task 7. Read and translate without using a dictionary:
- •Task 8. Translate into English:
- •Task 9. Translate into Russian. Use a dictionary if necessary. Franchising
- •Unit 5. International Business Styles (sb, p. 44–45)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read the text on p. 46, translate it and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate from Russian using the vocabulary from the text.
- •Task 3. Do exercise 2 on p. 48 (Gift giving).
- •Task 4. Read the following passage and choose the correct word from a, b or c to fill each gap.
- •Task 5. Find English equivalents in the text for:
- •Task 6. Language Focus
- •Task 7. Give Russian equivalents for:
- •Task 8. Translate into English using the vocabulary from the previous exercise
- •Task 9. Read and translate the text.
- •Unit 6. Banking (sb, p. 56–64)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read and translate the text on p. 58, answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate from Russian using the vocabulary from the text.
- •Task 3. Read the following advertisement for Citibank, a global banking group, and choose the best sentence (a-I) from the box below to fill in each of the gaps.
- •International Currency Accounts
- •24-Hour free telephone banking with CitiPhone Banking
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 5. Give Russian equivalents for the expressions below:
- •Task 6. Translate into Russian without using a dictionary:
- •Task 7. Summarizing the topic.
- •Types of banks
- •Task 8. Translate into English:
- •Unit 7. Business and the Environment (sb, p. 65–73)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read the text on p. 67, translate it into Russian and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary from the text.
- •Task 3. Do exercise 1 on p. 68, complete the passage and answer the questions:
- •Task 4. Give English equivalents for:
- •Task 5.
- •Task 6. Now choose the most appropriate extract (a-f)from the previous task to fill in each of the gaps in the text below.
- •Task 7. Use the correct form of the words in the box to complete the sentences below.
- •Task 8. Read the story about Anita Roddick, the founder of the Body Shop, and choose the correct word from a, b or c to fill the gaps.
- •Task 9. Give English equivalents for:
- •Task 10. The passive
- •Task 11. Give English equivalents for:
- •Task 12. Translate into English:
- •Unit 8. The Stock Market (sb, p. 74–83)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read the text on p. 76, translate it and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate from Russian using the vocabulary from the text:
- •Task 3. До ex. 2 on p. 77 and answer the following questions:
- •Task 4. Give English equivalents for:
- •Task 5.
- •Vocabulary. Match the words and expressions in the box with the headings below.
- •Task 6.
- •Task 7. Add appropriate words from the text to these sentences:
- •Unit 9. Import-Export / International Trade (sb p. 84–95)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Глагол Существительное.
- •Task 1. Read the text on p. 87 and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate from Russian using the vocabulary from the text:
- •Task 3. Do exercise 2 on p. 88 and answer the following questions:
- •Task 4. Give English equivalents for the following:
- •Task 5. Reading
- •Casualties of the Trade Wars
- •Task 6. Choose the correct answer to complete the following statements about the text.
- •Task 7.
- •Vocabulary. Use the letters in brackets to from a word to complete each sentence.
- •Task 8. Language Focus
- •Task 9. Translate into English:
- •Task 10. Read the text and answer the questions: tariffs, customs, and nontariff barriers
- •Task 11. Summarizing the Topic.
- •International trade
- •Task 12. Questions for discussion.
- •Unit 10. Company Performance (sb, p. 96–103)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read and translate the text. On p.98 and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate into English using the vocabulary from the text:
- •Task 3.
- •Board Ousts*bmw Chief and His heir.
- •Task 4. Answer the following questions on the text:
- •Task 5.
- •Task 6. Give English equivalents for the following:
- •Task 7. Match up these words with the definitions below.
- •Task 8. Use the words from Task 7 in gaps to complete the text.
- •Unit 11. Setting Up a Business (p. 106–115) Types of ownership
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read and translate the text on p. 108 and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate into English using the vocabulary from the text:
- •Task 3. Do ex. 3 on p. 110 and answer the following questions:
- •Task 4. Give English equivalents for:
- •Task 5. Read and translate the newspaper article and answer the questions: New Kids on the Business Block: Thatcher’s Enterprise Babes are Taking the Tycoon’s World by Storm
- •Task 6.
- •Task 7. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary from the text:
- •Task 8.
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 9. Read the text again and give English equivalents for the following phrases:
- •Task 10. Language Focus
- •Some tips on starting your own business
- •Task 11. Give Russian equivalents for the following phrases:
- •Unit 12. Corporate Alliances and Acquisions (sb, p. 116–124)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read and translate the text on p. 118 and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate into English using the vocabulary from the text.
- •Task 3.
- •Task 4. Give Russian equivalents for the following phrases:
- •Task 5. Read and translate the text «After the deal».
- •Task 6. Say whether the statements are true (t) or false (f) according to the text.
- •Task 7. Understanding expressions
- •Task 8. Read and retell the text about mergers and acquisitions.
- •Unit 13. Marketing (sb, p. 125–133)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read and translate the text on p.126 and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate into English using the vocabulary from the text:
- •Task 3. Do ex. 3 on p. 128 and answer the following questions:
- •Task 4. Give English equivalents for:
- •Task 5. Reported speech
- •Task 6. Translate into English:
- •Task 7. Read and translate the text «What is marketing?»
- •Task 8.
- •Unit 14. Product and Corporate Advesrtising (sb, p. 134–142)
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Task 1. Read and translate the text on p. 136 and answer the following questions:
- •Task 2. Translate into English using the vocabulary from the text:
- •Task 3. Do exercise «Practice» on p. 139 «Coca-Cola and its advertising» and answer the following questions:
- •Task 4. Give English equivalents for:
- •Task 5. Read the following article and choose the best sentence (a-I) from the list below to complete each gap.
- •Task 6. Answer the following questions:
- •Task 7. Translate into Russian:
- •Task 8. Select the correct alternatives to complete the text.
- •Task 9.
- •Task 10.
- •Content
Task 9. Translate into English:
1. Одним из способов закрепления на иностранном рынке является подписание соглашения о создании СП;
Это помогает освоить огромный и быстро растущий рынок развивающихся регионов.
2. Компания добилась исключительного преобладания на рынке, поскольку они сумели найти самую выгодную нишу для иностранного конкурента, предлагая товары доступные людям среднего достатка.
3. Некоторые запчасти подлежат отдельному налогообложению, и компании приходится иметь дело с огромным количеством бумажной работы. Из-за этого происходит задержка в выполнении контрактов.
4. Несмотря на все препятствия, которые существуют на этом рынке, многие компании стремятся закрепиться на нем, поскольку он является самым притягательным долгосрочным способом развивать торговый потенциал.
5. Если компании превышают квоты, введенные на определенные категории товаров, их наказывают посредством санкций. В каждой стране существуют органы, регулирующие нормы внешней торговли.
6. ЕС тщательно следит за соблюдением правил торговли. Санкции отменяются только в том случае, когда страна соглашается соблюдать нормы международной торговли.
7. США регулярно вводит штрафные тарифы на импортные товары из Европы. Подобные санкции приводят к росту цен на импортные товары, защищая американских производителей.
8. США считают, что торговая политика Евросоюза несправедливо отдает предпочтение товарам из стран бывших колоний. Они угрожают введением встречных санкций против европейского импорта.
9. Если вы экспортируете товары в Индию, вы должны следовать всем бюрократическим процедурам, принятым там. Это создает массу препятствий и трудностей, и приводит к задержкам в выполнении контракта.
10. Контракт содержит несколько пунктов относительно условий передачи технологий и методов их внедрения. При создании совместного предприятия эти условия имеют большую практическую ценность.
11. Создание филиала зависит от результата переговоров с представителем местного рынка. Если они будут успешными, компании не придется платить высокие импортные тарифы.
12. Некоторые компании предпочитают выходить на новые рынки, предоставляя лицензии и патенты местным предпринимателям.
Task 10. Read the text and answer the questions: tariffs, customs, and nontariff barriers
Governments have always looked to the traffic in goods across their borders as an important source of revenue. The tax charged on incoming goods is known as a tariff or a duty. When goods are imported, three main issues need to be resolved in order to determine the appropriate tariff: the classification of the product, its value, and its place of origin.
Despite the multitude of available product listings, some products fit more than one category or in the case of new technologies, do not fit any. Most custom duties are ad valorem taxes; that is, the tax is a percentage of the value of the goods. In order to compute the proper tariff, the importer also needs to know where the goods come from. Tariffs vary, depending on the source of the imported goods. A country might have most-favoured nation (MFN) status, or it may belong to a tariff preference program. Finally, imports from countries in free-trade areas may have their products qualify for duty-free import.
However, in this era of multinational corporations, it is not always easy to determine the country of origin for imports. The production of goods may take place at any number of places around the globe. Companies ship parts and materials to any point for assembly or manufacture in order to take advantage of low taxes, low wages, low energy costs, and tariff preference programs. In some cases, companies subject to antidumping duties simply ship the component parts to another country for assembly in what is called a «screwdriver plant». Then it exports the goods from the second country, which is not subject to a dumping order.
Problems with determining a place of origin occur when goods from one country are exported to another country during the production process. For example, automobiles assembled in one country may use sheet metal, glass, engine parts, and upholstery from many others. When these automobiles arrive at their final destination, there will be more than one possible place of origin. There are several rules to determine it. In some circumstances, the customs officials will look at the percentage of content from each country to determine the place of origin. Another rule is «substantial transformation». For example, a company might buy vinyl from Mexico, metal handles from Brazil, and turn these components into luggage in Jamaica. The latter will be declared as the place of origin, because the goods have undergone a significant change there. In the last few years, variations on this rule, such as «change in character, appearance, identity, and use» have been used as alternative tests.
These barriers exist in every-country and range from safety standards to quotas. Standards exist for a variety of reasons, including safety, environmental protection, and health. Most countries require all imported cars to meet pollution standards. This standard does not discriminate against imports, but does add costs. Some standards may be targeted at imports, in an attempt to protect domestic industries. For example, in 1989 the EC banned all imports of beef treated with hormones. The EC initially based its decision on health and safety grounds, but later claimed that the ban reflected consumer preferences, much like the US requirement that all imported cheese be pasteurized. The United States, claiming that the ban was an unfair trade practice aimed at US exports, retaliated by imposing 100 percent duties on a variety of EC imports to the United States.
Countries have long used quotas and embargoes as part of foreign policy and the protection for domestic industries. Increased exports from other countries can threaten or cause serious injury to a domestic industry.
What is a tariff?
Why are they imposed?
How are the appropriate tariffs determined?
What is ad valorem duties?
How do tariffs depend on the source of the imported goods?
What countries may have their products qualify for duty-free import?
Why is it problematic to determine the country of origin?
How do countries try to avoid restrictions?
When do problems with determining a place of origin occur?
What are the rules for that?
What is «substantial transformation»?
What kinds of standards exist in foreign trade? Give examples.
Why do countries use restrictions?
Sum up the information from the text about all kinds of trade barriers.