Task 4. Read the following passage and choose the correct word from a, b or c to fill each gap.

Recent research at business schools in the USA has shown that traditional management styles are rapidly becoming obsolete. In the traditional model, senior management exercises its 1)______ to ensure that decisions are carried out by 2)_____ at lower levels of the company 3)______ .

However, in today’s rapidly evolving business environment, it has become clear that 4)_____ is something that all managers will have to live with and adapt to. In the modern digital organization 5)_______ is no longer restricted to senior managers, and employees are not expected to blindly 6)______ orders from above.

Because of the increasing complexity of business, managers have had to 7)______ tasks to people at lower levels and to 8)_______ them to take the necessary decisions. It has become a system where what you achieve, in other words your 9)_________, is what determines not only the respect that other people in the organization have for you but also how you are 10)______ for the work that you accomplish. As one puts it, «Today you have to be very careful about what you say to someone who works for you because tomorrow that same person could be your boss!

	A	B	C
1	Custom	Gesture	Authority
2	Bosses	Subordinates	Partners
3	Culture	Hierarchy	Headquarters
4	Initiative	Change	Etiquette
5	Knowledge	Communication	Decision-making
6	Obey	Operate	Value
7	Reward	Signal	Delegate
8	Empower	Infer	Familiarize
9	Relationship	Education	Performance
10	Rewarded	Scheduled	measured

Read the text again and answer the questions:

What has recent research of management styles shown?

How does senior management exercise its authority in the traditional model?

How is business environment evolving?

What do managers have to adapt to today?

How is the process of decision-making changing? Why?

What does the performance of individuals determine in modern organizations?

What is your understanding of the quotation at the end?

Task 5. Find English equivalents in the text for:

быстро устаревают;

последние исследования показали;

пользоваться своей властью;

обеспечить выполнение принятых решений;

быстро изменяющаяся деловая среда;

то, с чем приходиться жить и к чему приходиться приспосабливаться;

слепо выполнять приказы;

наделять полномочиями для принятия решений;

делегировать задачи на более низкий уровень;

все более усложняющийся бизнес;

выполнить работу (с хорошим результатом);

определить степень вознаграждения;

то, чего вы достигли;

больше не ограничивается высшим органом руководства;

результаты труда определяют степень уважения в коллективе.