- •New words
- •Lecture 1 exercise 1
- •Lecture 1 lexicology
- •Lecture 2 new words
- •Lecture 2 exercise 2
- •Lecture 2 formal and informal speech
- •Informal Style
- •Colloquial words
- •Dialect words
- •Lecture 3 new words
- •Lecture 3 exercise 3
- •Lecture 3 the origin of english words native words
- •Borrowings
- •Classification of borrowings according to the language from which they were borrowed. Romanic borrowings. Latin borrowings
- •French borrowings the influence of french on the english spelling
- •Italian borrowings
- •Germanic borrowings
- •Scandinavian borrowings
- •German borrowings
- •Dutch borrowings
- •Slavonic borrowings
- •Etymological doublets
- •International words
- •Lecture 4 new words
- •Lecture 4 exercise 4
- •Lecture 4 abbreviations
- •Graphical abbreviations
- •Initial abbreviations
- •Abbreviation of words
- •Lecture 5 new words
- •Lecture 5 exercise 5
- •Prefixation
- •Topics for discussion
- •Lecture 6 new words
- •Lecture 6 exercise 6
- •Lecture 6 semasiology
- •Word-meaning
- •Lexical meaning – notion
- •Polysemy
- •Types of semantic components
- •Topics for discussion
- •Lecture 7 new words
- •Lecture 7 exercise 7
- •Lecture 7 homonyms
- •Classification of homonyms
- •Synonyms
- •Antonyms
- •Topics for discussion
- •Lecture 8 new words
- •Lecture 8 exercise 8
- •Lecture 8 british and american english
- •Differences in spelling
- •Differences in pronunciation
- •Topics for discussion
- •Lecture 9 new words
- •Lecture 9 exercise 9
- •Lecture 9 classification of language units according to the period of time they live in the language
- •Archaisms and historisms
- •Neologisms
- •Semantic groups of neologisms
- •Ways of forming neologisms
- •Changes in pronunciation
- •Topics for discussion
- •Lecture 10 new words
- •Lecture 10
- •Lecture 10 phraseology
- •Ways of forming phraseological units
- •Semantic classification of phraseological units
- •Structural classification of phraseological units
- •Exercise 2
- •Borrowed words exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Abbreviations exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Affixation. Prefixation and suffixation exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Polisemy exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Homonyms. Synonyms. Antonyms exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Exercise 5
- •Exercise 6 Fill in the blanks with the right words and explain your choice:
- •1.There were a lot of skaters on the … ice of the bank. 2. The lightning … and
- •Exercise 8
- •Neologisms exercise 1
- •Phraseology exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Sources
- •Dictionaries
- •Contents
- •Borrowed words
- •Spanish words
Dialect words
Dialect is a variety of a language, spoken in one part of a country, which is different in some words or grammar from other forms of the same language.
H. W. Fowler defines a dialect as “a variety of a language which prevails in a district, with local peculiarities of vocabulary, pronunciation and phrase”. England is a small country, yet it has many dialects which have their own distinctive features (e.g. the Lancashire, Dorsetshire, Norfolk dialects).
So dialects are regional forms of English. Standard English is defined by the Random House Dictionary as the English language as it is written and spoken by literate people in both formal and informal usage and that is universally current while incorporating regional differences.
Dialects constantly incorporate into everyday colloquial speech or slang. Car, trolley, tram began as dialect words.
Answer the following questions:
1. What is functional style?
2. What is informal style?
3. Give the definition of colloquial words and represent some examples.
4. Give the definition of slang and represent some examples.
5. What is dialect? Where can people use it?
Lecture 3 new words
Read the words with their translations and write them down into your vocabulary. Pay attention to the spelling of difficult words.
1) layer |
['leIq] |
шар, пласт |
2) kinship |
['kInSIp] |
спорідненість, подібність |
3) capacity |
[kq'pxsqtI] |
здібність |
4) polysemantic |
["pPlIsI'mxntIk] |
багатозначний |
5) borrowing |
['bPrqVIN] |
запозичення |
6) adoption |
[q'dPpS(q)n] |
прийняття |
7) to increase |
[In'krJs] |
зростати, збільшувати |
8) immensely |
[I'menslI] |
безмірно, вельми |
9) distinguished |
[dIs'tINgwISt] |
видатний |
10) a source |
[sO:s] |
першоджерело |
11) abundant |
[q'bAndqnt] |
багатий |
12) due |
[djH] |
обов’язок |
13) a scribe |
[skraIb] |
переписувач, коліграф |
14) a pronominal form |
[prqV'nPmInl] |
займенникова форма |
15) a root |
[rHt] |
корінь |
16) nautical |
['nO:tIkl] |
морехідний |
17) a loan |
[lqVn] |
запозичення (про слово, міф) |
18) resemblance |
[rI'zemblqns] |
схожість, подібність |
19) triplet |
['trIplIt] |
триплет, тройка |
20) to occur |
[q'kE:] |
траплятися |
21) to derive |
[dI'raIv] |
отримувати |
22) significant |
[sIg'nIfIkqnt] |
знак, символ |
23) an advance |
[qd'vRns] |
просунення, ріст |
24) latter |
['lxtq] |
більш пізній, останній |
25) to contribute |
[kqn'trIbjHt] ['kPntrIbjHt] |
вносити вклад |
26) a considerable number |
[kqn'sIdqrqbl] |
безліч, значна кількість |
27) the outward similarity |
['aVtwqd] |
зовнішня схожість |
28) respective |
[rIs'pektIv] |
відповідний |
29) cognate |
['kPgneIt] |
споріднене слово (мова) |
30) to refer to |
[rI'fE:] |
ставитися до |
31) to trace |
[treIs] |
простежувати |