- •Предисловие
- •Introduction
- •1. Общие сведения об английском языке
- •2. The English Alphabet
- •Vowels: a, e, I, o, u, y
- •3. Word building Словообразование
- •Прочитайте текст и определите, верное или неверное утверждение:
- •Определите, к какой части речи относится выделенное слово:
- •Заполните таблицы на словообразование:
- •Переведите производные слова. Дайте свои примеры. Составьте предложения:
- •Заполните, где возможно, пропуски в таблице и дайте перевод полученных слов. Пользуйтесь словарем.
- •4. The Noun Имя существительное
- •Объясните все употребления прописной буквы в именах существительных:
- •Обсудите текст в парах:
- •5. The Article Артикль
- •Correct the mistakes:
- •Write a/an or the:
- •6. Образование основных грамматических форм
- •6.1 Present Indefinite (Simple)
- •6.2 Past Indefinite (Simple)
- •6.3 Future Indefinite (Simple)
- •Make the sentences negative:
- •Give the past form of the verbs :
- •Is the sentence right or wrong?
- •Ask the questions to the sentences:
- •Use the correct form of the verb:
- •Translate into English:
- •7. Общие сведения о структуре английского предложения.
- •Unite I System of education. My University
- •Activities:
- •Education System in Russia
- •Entry requirements for Russia's universities
- •1. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями предложений a-g. Одна из частей в списке лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.
- •2. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями предложений a-g. Одна из частей в списке лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.
- •Unite II Computers in the modern world
- •Activities:
- •Grammar review:
- •Fill in the missing degrees of comparison:
- •Give the comparative and the superlative forms of the adjectives:
- •Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Translate into English:
- •II. Read the text and fill the gaps 1- 4 with an appropriate variant from a-e. One point is not used.
- •III. Write an essay to the topic “Computers in the modern world”, using 150-200 words. Unite III Physics of colours
- •Colour blindness
- •Activities: Exercise 1: Answer the following questions:
- •Grammar review:
- •Meaning of colors
- •Unite 4 The sources of energy
- •Text: The sources of energy
- •Nuclear Energy
- •Activities: Exercise 1: Answer the following questions:
- •Global warming
- •Grammar review:
- •Unite 5 The latest materials
- •Activities:
- •Grammar review:
- •Правила преобразования прямой речи в косвенную:
- •Выберите правильный вариант:
- •2. Slowly simmer
- •3. The mystery ingredient
- •4. The Large Hadron Collider
- •5. The most powerful supercomputer system in the world...
- •6. The Hubble Space Telescope
- •Unite 6 The greatest developments of mankind
- •Activities:
- •Grammar review:
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form, to …or –ing.
- •2. Which alternative is correct?
- •3. Complete the questions with do/to do/doing.
- •Name by one word or term:
- •3. Fill the gaps, using one variant from the table:
- •4. Match the halves of the sentences:
- •5. Find an English equivalent to the Russian word:
- •Choose one variant to answer:
- •Fill in the missing degrees of comparison:
- •7. Use the verb in correct grammar form:
- •8. Find the antonyms.
- •9. Complete the gaps 1-6 with missing parts a-g. One part is extra. Fill the table with answers.
- •10. Преобразуйте предложение из действительного залога в страдательный (пассивный) залог:
- •Name the types of energy:
- •Give three forms of the verbs:
- •4. Match the two halves of the sentences:
- •5. Find the English equivalents to the Russian words:
- •6. Choose one variant to answer:
- •Use an appropriate modal verb:
- •Find the words with similar meaning (synonyms):
- •Use reported speech:
- •Construct the sentences with relative clause:
- •Особенности перевода научно-технической литературы
- •Appendix Present Perfect Continuous (Настоящее перфектно – длительное)
- •Past Perfect Continuous (Прошедшее перфектно-длительное)
- •Future Perfect Continuous
- •Future–in-the-Past (Будущее в прошедшем)
- •Compare the grammar forms of Future and Future-in-the-Past
- •Conditionals
- •Numerals
Grammar review:
Инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции.
Инфинитив представляет собой неличную форму глагола, которая называет действие. Он не имеет лица и числа. Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица to, которая не имеет самостоятельного значения и не принимает ударения. В ряде случаев частица to перед инфинитивом опускается, как правило, с модальными и вспомогательными глаголами.
We can read and write in English.
My brother will go to the camp in summer.
If I were you, I should send him a letter.
Инфинитив может выступать в роли различных членов предложения:
To read is pleasant. (подлежащее)
Your duty was to inform me about it. (часть составного глагольного сказуемого)
We can speak English. (часть модального сказуемого)
She asked him to help her. (дополнение)
I went to the station to meet my friend. (обстоятельство)
Инфинитив имеет формы времени и залога.
Tense
|
Active |
Passive |
Indefinite |
to ask |
to be asked |
Continuous |
to be asking |
----- |
Perfect |
to have asked |
to have been asked |
Perfect Continuous |
to have been asking |
----- |
Часто для инфинитива в русском языке нет соответствующих форм перевода, и он не может переводиться изолировано. Перевод инфинитива или инфинитивной конструкции зависит от контекста.
Инфинитив можно использовать после следующих глаголов:
Offer, agree, refuse, decide, plan, arrange, hope, manage, fail, deserve, afford, forget, promise, threaten, learn, seem, appear, tend, pretend, claim |
It was late, so we decided to take a taxi.
My friend was in a difficult situation, so I agreed to help him.
How old were you when you learnt to drive?
I promised not to be late.
Но после глаголов enjoy, think, suggest инфинитив не употребляется:
I enjoy reading.
Tom suggest going to the cinema.
Are you thinking of buying a car?
Практические задания:
1. Put the verb into the correct form, to …or –ing.
When I’m tired, I enjoy (watch) television.
It was a nice day so we decided (go) for a walk.
Students don’t have much money. So, they can’t afford (go) out very often.
Our neighbour threatened (call) the police if we didn’t stop the noise.
We were hungry, and I suggested (have) dinner early.
I’m still looking for a job, but I hope (find) something soon.
Ann pretended (not see) me when she passed me in the street.
They seem (have) plenty of money.
2. Which alternative is correct?
Could I ….…. your dictionary, please?
A borrowing
B borrow
C to borrow
Why is that car …….. outside our house?
A stopping
B stop
C to stop
You don’t look well. You should ……… to bed.
A going
B go
C to go
Shall I ……… off the TV? Yes, please.
A turning
B turn
C to turn
I must ……. my letter today.
A writing
B write
C to write
We used …. a cat, but it died last year.
A having
B have
C to have
My brother wants …….. a teacher when he finishes college.
A being
B be
C to be
What would you like …….. tonight? Let’s go out for a walk.
A doing
B do
C to do