Grammar review:

Reported speech (Косвенная речь)

Косвенная речь используется для передачи чужого высказывания.

Правила преобразования прямой речи в косвенную:

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
Present Simple “I want to publish a new book”, said the author.	Past Simple The author said that he wanted to publish a new book.
Present Continuous “We are playing chess”, they said.	Past Continuous They said they were playing chess.
Present Perfect Continuous “I have been typing all day”, said the receptionist.	Past Perfect Continuous The receptionist said she had been typing all day.
Past Simple “Jim repaired my computer yesterday”, Ann said.	Past Perfect Ann said that Jim had repaired her computer.
Past Continuous “I was writing an essay”, said the student.	Past Perfect Continuous The student said he had been writing an essay.
Future “I will do it for you”, my friend said.	Future-in-the-Past My friend said that she would do that for me.
am/is /are going to “They are going to print by gravure printing”, said the manager.	was/were going to The manager said they were going to print by gravure printing.
can “I can do this quickly”, the worker said.	could The worker said he could do that quickly.
must/have to “You have to visit the party tomorrow”, she said.	had to She said we had to visit the party the next day.
may “I may receive the letter next week”, said the lawyer.	might The lawyer said he might receive the letter the following week.

В косвенной речи обычно требуется замена ряда слов.

Местоимения:

I	he/she
you	I/me/they/them
we	they
us	them
my	his/her
your	my/their

Обстоятельства времени и места:

here	there
now	then/at that moment
tomorrow	the next day
tonight	that night
next week	the following week
yesterday	the day before
last week	the week before
ago	before

Согласование времен производится только в том случае, если вводная фраза содержит глагол в прошедшем времени (past simple).

Глаголы в Past Perfect и Past Perfect Continuous остаются без изменений

“I had seen the picture before” > He said he had seen the picture before.

Модальные глаголы (would, should, could, might) также остаются без изменений.

“I might take up painting” > She said she might take up painting.

Косвенная речь может вводиться следующими глаголами:

(to apologize, to deny, to promise, to refuse, to suggest)

I apologized for losing the letter.

He denied missing the lecture.

He promised to help me prepare for the exam.

My sister refused to let me see her wedding dress.

My boss suggested going out for lunch.

Практические задания:

1. Выберите правильный вариант:

   • ‘We’re watching TV’, said the twins. > The twins said they (watched/were watching/had watched) TV.

   • ‘At one o’clock I was having lunch”, said the boss. > The boss said he (had been having/has had/is having) lunch at one o’clock.

   • ‘You must give me your essays’, the teacher said. > The teacher said we (were having to/had to/would have to) give her our essays.

2. Заполните пропуски словами из рамки:

   Before, that night, the day before, the next day, they, he, she, their

   • ‘I’m seeing the director tomorrow’, the partner said.

The partner said…. was seeing the director ……… .

• ‘We moved to this office two years ago’, the receptionist said.

The receptionist said ……… had moved to that office two years ……….. .

• ‘I’ll go to the party tonight’, said the girl.

The girl said ……… would go to the party ……… .

• ‘We saw our cousin at the exhibition yesterday’, said Ben.

Ben said they had seen ……….. cousin at the exhibition …………….. .

3. Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную:

   • He said, ‘I’m sure she will ring me up when she is back’.

   • She said, ‘I have just received the letter from London’.

   • The student said, ‘I shall do it today if I have time’.

   • Ann said, ‘I saw him at the conference last year’.

   • The teacher said, ‘I can explain this rule to you’.

4. Перепишите предложения в косвенной речи, используя выделенные слова:

   • ‘I’m sorry I told everyone your secret,’ my sister said. (apologized)

   • ‘I didn’t give the money to him,’ said the clerk. (denied)

   • ‘I won’t open the door!’ said the policeman. (refused)

   • ‘Why don’t we give them a call?’ Albert said. (suggested)

   • ‘I’ll love you forever!’ Francis said to Elizabeth. (promised)

5. Переведите на английский язык, используя правила согласования времен:

   • Все были уверены, что я хорошо сдам экзамены.

   • Он сказал, что бросит курить.

   • Мы не думали, что вы ждёте нас.

   • Он спросил меня, что я буду делать сегодня вечером.

   • Я сказала, что если буду свободна, то позвоню ему часов в восемь.

Reported questions, orders, requests

(Вопросы, приказы, просьбы в косвенной речи)

Косвенную речь можно использовать для передачи чужой речи, содержащей вопросы, приказы, просьбы.

Правила преобразования вопросов, приказов, просьб прямой речи в косвенную:

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
Общие вопросы с have, do или be ‘Have you been to the gallery?’ he asked her. ‘Do you want a cup of tea?’ the waiter asked. ‘Are you writing a letter?’ I asked John.	>He asked her if she had been to the gallery. >The waiter asked if I wanted a cup of tea. >I asked John if he was writing a letter.
Общие вопросы с модальными глаголами ‘Can you paint?’ Mary asked her friend. ‘Will you call me?’ I asked Ted. ‘Shall I do this?’ I asked her. ‘May I borrow your book?’ the student asked his friend	>Mary asked her friend if he could paint. >I asked Ted if he would call me. >I asked her if I should do this. >The student asked his friend if he might borrow his book.
Специальные вопросы ‘What kinds of shoes are in fashion now?’ my sister asked me. ‘Who did you see at the exhibition?’ asked Tom. ‘Which one do you want?’ I asked Sam. ‘When will they finish the job?’ the boss asked. ‘Why did you come here?’ the policeman asked me. ‘How much did it cost?’ my mum asked me.	>My sister asked me what kinds of shoes were in fashion at that moment. >Tom asked who I had seen at the exhibition. >I asked Sam which one he wanted. > The boss asked when they would finish the job. >The policeman asked me why I had come at that place. > My mum asked me how much it had cost.
Приказы ‘Give me your money!’ the robber said	The robber told us to give him our money.
Просьбы ‘Please don’t talk in class,’ the teacher said.	The teacher asked not to talk in class.

В косвенных общих вопросах вместо if можно использовать whether. (He asked her whether she had been to the gallery.)

В косвенных специальных вопросах используется прямой порядок слов.

Практические задания: