- •Предисловие
- •Introduction
- •1. Общие сведения об английском языке
- •2. The English Alphabet
- •Vowels: a, e, I, o, u, y
- •3. Word building Словообразование
- •Прочитайте текст и определите, верное или неверное утверждение:
- •Определите, к какой части речи относится выделенное слово:
- •Заполните таблицы на словообразование:
- •Переведите производные слова. Дайте свои примеры. Составьте предложения:
- •Заполните, где возможно, пропуски в таблице и дайте перевод полученных слов. Пользуйтесь словарем.
- •4. The Noun Имя существительное
- •Объясните все употребления прописной буквы в именах существительных:
- •Обсудите текст в парах:
- •5. The Article Артикль
- •Correct the mistakes:
- •Write a/an or the:
- •6. Образование основных грамматических форм
- •6.1 Present Indefinite (Simple)
- •6.2 Past Indefinite (Simple)
- •6.3 Future Indefinite (Simple)
- •Make the sentences negative:
- •Give the past form of the verbs :
- •Is the sentence right or wrong?
- •Ask the questions to the sentences:
- •Use the correct form of the verb:
- •Translate into English:
- •7. Общие сведения о структуре английского предложения.
- •Unite I System of education. My University
- •Activities:
- •Education System in Russia
- •Entry requirements for Russia's universities
- •1. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями предложений a-g. Одна из частей в списке лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.
- •2. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями предложений a-g. Одна из частей в списке лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.
- •Unite II Computers in the modern world
- •Activities:
- •Grammar review:
- •Fill in the missing degrees of comparison:
- •Give the comparative and the superlative forms of the adjectives:
- •Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Translate into English:
- •II. Read the text and fill the gaps 1- 4 with an appropriate variant from a-e. One point is not used.
- •III. Write an essay to the topic “Computers in the modern world”, using 150-200 words. Unite III Physics of colours
- •Colour blindness
- •Activities: Exercise 1: Answer the following questions:
- •Grammar review:
- •Meaning of colors
- •Unite 4 The sources of energy
- •Text: The sources of energy
- •Nuclear Energy
- •Activities: Exercise 1: Answer the following questions:
- •Global warming
- •Grammar review:
- •Unite 5 The latest materials
- •Activities:
- •Grammar review:
- •Правила преобразования прямой речи в косвенную:
- •Выберите правильный вариант:
- •2. Slowly simmer
- •3. The mystery ingredient
- •4. The Large Hadron Collider
- •5. The most powerful supercomputer system in the world...
- •6. The Hubble Space Telescope
- •Unite 6 The greatest developments of mankind
- •Activities:
- •Grammar review:
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form, to …or –ing.
- •2. Which alternative is correct?
- •3. Complete the questions with do/to do/doing.
- •Name by one word or term:
- •3. Fill the gaps, using one variant from the table:
- •4. Match the halves of the sentences:
- •5. Find an English equivalent to the Russian word:
- •Choose one variant to answer:
- •Fill in the missing degrees of comparison:
- •7. Use the verb in correct grammar form:
- •8. Find the antonyms.
- •9. Complete the gaps 1-6 with missing parts a-g. One part is extra. Fill the table with answers.
- •10. Преобразуйте предложение из действительного залога в страдательный (пассивный) залог:
- •Name the types of energy:
- •Give three forms of the verbs:
- •4. Match the two halves of the sentences:
- •5. Find the English equivalents to the Russian words:
- •6. Choose one variant to answer:
- •Use an appropriate modal verb:
- •Find the words with similar meaning (synonyms):
- •Use reported speech:
- •Construct the sentences with relative clause:
- •Особенности перевода научно-технической литературы
- •Appendix Present Perfect Continuous (Настоящее перфектно – длительное)
- •Past Perfect Continuous (Прошедшее перфектно-длительное)
- •Future Perfect Continuous
- •Future–in-the-Past (Будущее в прошедшем)
- •Compare the grammar forms of Future and Future-in-the-Past
- •Conditionals
- •Numerals
Education System in Russia
Russia has long-standing traditions in high-quality education for all citizens. It probably has also one of the best mass-education systems in the world. Education is split into a compulsory Basic Education, and ongoing Higher Education.
Compulsory Basic Education
Basic general education lasts for nine years. Graduates of this level may continue their education at senior high school to receive secondary general education. They may also enter an initial vocational school and then, higher education institutions. Initial vocational schools which offer one-and-a-half to two years' purely professional education and a professional college which offer joint professional and secondary general education for three to four years and skilled workers' training at different levels. Secondary general education on the basis of general education continues for two years and ends when students are 17-18. Graduates from a secondary general school may apply for entrance to a higher education institution. Secondary education leads to the award of the Certificate of Secondary Complete General Education.
Higher Education
Higher education is provided by public and non-public (non-state) accredited higher education institutions. There are two levels of higher education:
Basic higher education (4 years) leading to the Bachelor’s Degree, the first university level degree. This is equivalent to the Bachelor of Science degree in the USA or Western Europe
Postgraduate higher education (5-6 years or more). After two years, students are entitled to receive a Master’s Degree. This is equivalent to the Master of Science, and Master of Art in the USA or Western Europe. After a Master's degree, students can continue to study towards a doctoral degree: Candidate’s of science degree (the first level, equivalent to Ph.D.-Doctor of Phylosophy) and Doctor of science degree (the second, highest level, equivalent to Professor).
The Bachelor's degree programmes last for at least 4 years of full-time university-level study. The programmes are elaborated in accordance with the State Educational Standards which regulate almost 80% of their content. The other 20% are elaborated by the university itself. The programmes include professional and special courses in Science, the Humanities and Social-economic disciplines, professional training, completion of a research paper/project and passing state final exams. Having obtained the Bachelor's degree, students may apply to enter the Master's programme. The Bachelor's degree is awarded in all fields except medicine after defending a Diploma project, prepared under the guidance of a supervisor and passing the final exams. In medicine, the first stage lasts for six years.
Holders of the Bachelor’s degree are admitted to enter the Master's degree programmes. Access to these programmes is competitive. The Master's degree is awarded after successful completion of two years' full-time study. Students must carry out a year of research including practice and prepare and defend a thesis which constitutes an original contribution and sit for final examinations.
Access to the Candidate’s of Science (aspirantura) level again is very competitive. Candidates must hold a Specialist Diploma or a Master's degree. Studies last for 3 years. The Aspirantura prepares for research and professorial activities. Students must learn teaching methods, and pass qualifying exams. They carry out independent research, prepare and defend a dissertation in public. They are then awarded the scientific degree of Candidate’s of Science. The Doctor of Science programme is specific and its duration is not fixed. It follows the Candidate’s of Science degree and is awarded after preparation and public defence of a dissertation.