
- •Предисловие
- •Introduction
- •1. Общие сведения об английском языке
- •2. The English Alphabet
- •Vowels: a, e, I, o, u, y
- •3. Word building Словообразование
- •Прочитайте текст и определите, верное или неверное утверждение:
- •Определите, к какой части речи относится выделенное слово:
- •Заполните таблицы на словообразование:
- •Переведите производные слова. Дайте свои примеры. Составьте предложения:
- •Заполните, где возможно, пропуски в таблице и дайте перевод полученных слов. Пользуйтесь словарем.
- •4. The Noun Имя существительное
- •Объясните все употребления прописной буквы в именах существительных:
- •Обсудите текст в парах:
- •5. The Article Артикль
- •Correct the mistakes:
- •Write a/an or the:
- •6. Образование основных грамматических форм
- •6.1 Present Indefinite (Simple)
- •6.2 Past Indefinite (Simple)
- •6.3 Future Indefinite (Simple)
- •Make the sentences negative:
- •Give the past form of the verbs :
- •Is the sentence right or wrong?
- •Ask the questions to the sentences:
- •Use the correct form of the verb:
- •Translate into English:
- •7. Общие сведения о структуре английского предложения.
- •Unite I System of education. My University
- •Activities:
- •Education System in Russia
- •Entry requirements for Russia's universities
- •1. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями предложений a-g. Одна из частей в списке лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.
- •2. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями предложений a-g. Одна из частей в списке лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.
- •Unite II Computers in the modern world
- •Activities:
- •Grammar review:
- •Fill in the missing degrees of comparison:
- •Give the comparative and the superlative forms of the adjectives:
- •Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Translate into English:
- •II. Read the text and fill the gaps 1- 4 with an appropriate variant from a-e. One point is not used.
- •III. Write an essay to the topic “Computers in the modern world”, using 150-200 words. Unite III Physics of colours
- •Colour blindness
- •Activities: Exercise 1: Answer the following questions:
- •Grammar review:
- •Meaning of colors
- •Unite 4 The sources of energy
- •Text: The sources of energy
- •Nuclear Energy
- •Activities: Exercise 1: Answer the following questions:
- •Global warming
- •Grammar review:
- •Unite 5 The latest materials
- •Activities:
- •Grammar review:
- •Правила преобразования прямой речи в косвенную:
- •Выберите правильный вариант:
- •2. Slowly simmer
- •3. The mystery ingredient
- •4. The Large Hadron Collider
- •5. The most powerful supercomputer system in the world...
- •6. The Hubble Space Telescope
- •Unite 6 The greatest developments of mankind
- •Activities:
- •Grammar review:
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form, to …or –ing.
- •2. Which alternative is correct?
- •3. Complete the questions with do/to do/doing.
- •Name by one word or term:
- •3. Fill the gaps, using one variant from the table:
- •4. Match the halves of the sentences:
- •5. Find an English equivalent to the Russian word:
- •Choose one variant to answer:
- •Fill in the missing degrees of comparison:
- •7. Use the verb in correct grammar form:
- •8. Find the antonyms.
- •9. Complete the gaps 1-6 with missing parts a-g. One part is extra. Fill the table with answers.
- •10. Преобразуйте предложение из действительного залога в страдательный (пассивный) залог:
- •Name the types of energy:
- •Give three forms of the verbs:
- •4. Match the two halves of the sentences:
- •5. Find the English equivalents to the Russian words:
- •6. Choose one variant to answer:
- •Use an appropriate modal verb:
- •Find the words with similar meaning (synonyms):
- •Use reported speech:
- •Construct the sentences with relative clause:
- •Особенности перевода научно-технической литературы
- •Appendix Present Perfect Continuous (Настоящее перфектно – длительное)
- •Past Perfect Continuous (Прошедшее перфектно-длительное)
- •Future Perfect Continuous
- •Future–in-the-Past (Будущее в прошедшем)
- •Compare the grammar forms of Future and Future-in-the-Past
- •Conditionals
- •Numerals
Meaning of colors
Red
Red is the color that is on the outside edge of the rainbow. It is one of the three primary colors. Red light has a wavelength between 630-750 nanometers.
Red is the color of some apples.
Red is the color of some blood and the occasional tomato.
It is sometimes used to mark things that are wrong, important, or dangerous.
Red is also commonly used as a warning to stop (stop signals, stop red lights).
Red can represent passion, anger, or love.
Red also has the meaning of strong desire for love or to be in a relationship.
In politics, "red" is a symbol of Communism. The "Red Army" can refer to the army of the old Soviet Union or the People's Republic of China. It is also related to the Red Brigade.
Red is the color of fire and blood so it is associated with energy, war, danger, strength, power, determination, as well as passion, desire, and love.
Red is an emotionally intense color. It is thought that it tends to raise blood pressure and make people breathe faster. It is very easy to notice, which is why stop signs, stoplights, and fire equipment are usually painted red.
In heraldry, red is often used to indicate courage. It is a color found in many national flags.
Red brings attention to text and images on the Internet.
In advertising, red is often used to cause erotic feelings.
Red is associated with energy, so it may be used to promote enery drinks, games, cars, items related to sports and high physical activity.
Orange
Orange is the color of an orange fruit, which is where the name of the color comes from. Before the orange fruit was introduced to England in the 1500s, this color was called red-yellow. The first recorded use of orange as a color name in English was in 1512, in the court of King Henry VIII.
Orange is also one of the few words in the English language that does not rhyme with any other word.
To the human eye, orange is a very "hot" color, so it gives the feeling of heat. But orange is not as heated as red.
As a citrus color, orange is associated with healthy food and is appetising. Orange is the color of autumn and harvest.
Though rare in heraldry, orange is symbolic of strength and endurance.
Orange is very easy to see, so people can use it to catch attention and highlight the most important elements of a design. Orange is very effective for promoting food products and toys. On road signs, the orange color means there is construction work ahead. It is used for these signs because it can easily be seen even at night.
Dark orange can mean lying or not trusting somebody. Red-orange means desire, sexual passion, pleasure, power, aggression, and thirst for action.
Yellow
Yellow can represent light and the sun's rays.
Yellow can be interpreted as a sign of cowardice.
On road signs in the USA, yellow means "warning" or "danger". It is used to mean this because it is easy to see. Some animals, like bees and hornets, also use the color in combination with black as a warning so that other animals will know to stay away from them.
Inkjet printers use yellow ink as one of their three basic colors, along with cyan ink and magenta ink.
Green
Green is between the yellow and blue colors in a rainbow. Green paint can be made by mixing yellow paint and blue paint together.
Green light, like all lights, is quantal. The wavelength of green light is about 550 nanometers (one-billionth of a meter).
Most leaves of growing plants, such as trees and bushes are green. This is because there is a chemical in leaves, called chlorophyll, which is colored green.
Green is seen as the color of nature. It is a symbol of growth, harmony, freshness, and fertility.
Green is also associated with money in the United States (American dollars are called greenbacks).
Green is also seen as be able to stay the same and durable. Sometimes green can stand for "no experience". For example, a 'greenhorn' is a beginner.
In heraldry, green stands for growth and hope.
Green also stands for safety. It is the color for "GO" on traffic lights.
Because green is seen as the color of nature, it is often used with environment-friendly products.
A person who is said to have a green thumb is good at growing plants.
Dark green is associated with ambition, greed, jealousy, and envy.
A very pale yellow-green can mean sickness, being scared, discord, jealousy, and envy.
However, a bright green can mean health and healing.
Olive green is the traditional color of peace.
Blue
Blue is one of the colors of the rainbow that people can see. It is one of the three traditional primary colors, along with red and yellow. It has the shortest wavelength of these colors (about 470 nanometers).
Blue is the color of the earth's sky and sea. Earth looks blue when seen from outer space by astronauts.
Blue is a color used to show coldness. It is also one of the colors your lips can turn if you are chilly.
Blue is the color of a bluebird.
Blue is often associated with depth and stability. It symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven.
Blue is considered beneficial to the mind and body. It slows human metabolism and produces a calming effect. Blue is strongly associated with tranquility and calmness. In heraldry, blue is used to symbolize piety and sincerity.
Blue is a masculine color; according to studies, it is highly accepted among males.
Light blue is associated with health, healing, tranquility, understanding, and softness.
Dark blue represents knowledge, power, integrity, and seriousness. It is also associated with depth, expertise, and stability; it is a preferred color for corporate America.
Indigo
Indigo is one of the colors of the rainbow.
The brightest tone of indigo is the sixth color of the rainbow, a hue lying between blue and violet. The color shown at right, electric indigo, is the closest color it is possible to display on a computer to the color of the indigo color band in the rainbow.
Isaac Newton named and defined indigo as a spectrum color when he divided up the spectrum into the seven colors of the rainbow.
The name of the color indigo originally came from the indigo plant. Indigo is a dye made from the indigo plant, used to dye cloth. Indigo dye also is used to dye denim cloth, which is used to make what are called blue jeans (they should really be called indigo jeans). This shade of indigo, called indigo dye (shown at left above in the picture and in the color chart below), is darker than the spectrum indigo shown above.
The indigo plant originally came from the nation of India. The Ancient Greek language word for the dye is indikon. The Romans used the term indicum, which passed into Italian dialect and eventually into English as the word indigo.
These things are colored indigo:
some grapes
night sky in the mid evening
blueberries
some eggplants
Indigo represents religion, spirituality and intuition.
In the Hindu religion, indigo represents the 6th chakra.
5.1 |
Violet
Violet is the seventh color of the rainbow. It is the color on the inner edge of the rainbow. Violet is sometimes confused with purple. The name of the color comes from the violet, which is a small flower grown in most parts of the world.
The first recorded use of violet as a color name in English was in 1370.
The color violet represents magic.
Black
Black is associated with power, elegance, formality, anarchy, death, evil, and mystery. Black is a dark color, the darkest color there is. Black, along with gray and white, is a neutral color. This means that it is not a hot color or a cool color.
Black is a color seen with fear and the unknown (black holes). It can have a bad meaning (blacklist, 'black death', black cat) or a good meaning ('in the black', 'black is beautiful'). Black can stand for strength and power. It can be a formal, elegant, and high-class color (black tie, black Mercedes, black taco). Black clothing is common in emo and goth subculture.
White
White is the color of pure sunlight. White light can be made by putting all the other colors of light on the spectrum together. These other colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
White is linked with light, goodness, innocence, purity, cleanliness and virginity. It is thought to be the color of perfection. The opposite of black, white usually has a positive connotation. White can stand for a successful beginning. In heraldry, white depicts faith and purity.
In advertising, white is linked with coolness and cleanliness because it is the color of snow. You can use white to show simplicity in high-tech products. White is an appropriate color for charitable organizatios; angels are usually imagined wearing white clothes. White is associated with hospitals, doctors, and sterility, so you can use white to show safety when promoting medical products. White is often linked with low weight, low-fat food, and dairy products.