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- •Contents
- •Vocabulary
- •Elements and compounds
- •1.6. Read the following text and say if it is true that interatomic distance is fixed in all states of a metal. Read again to answer the questions after it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Three states of matter
- •1.10. Learn to read the following measurements.
- •1.11. Read out the numbers.
- •1.12. A) Compare the spanners. Make sentences.
- •At the Descriptive Geometry Class
- •Vocabulary
- •Characteristic Features of Some Elements
- •Vocabulary Test
- •Grammar Test
- •Vocabulary
- •Materials science in the past and present
- •2.9. Form nouns from the following words:
- •Vocabulary
- •Engineering materials and their properties (Part I)
- •2.12. Reread the text and rewrite the following according to the model, replacing the words in italics with an expression from the text which has a similar meaning.
- •2.16. Read and translate the following text. Talk about the properties of engineering materials in your own words.
- •Vocabulary
- •Engineering materials and their properties (Part II)
- •Vocabulary Test
- •Grammar Test
- •Unit 3. Metals: properties, classification and crystal structure
- •Read the list of words below and choose the ones related to science of materials:
- •Vocabulary
- •Metals, alloys and their uses
- •3.4. Reading comprehension. Read the text Availability, Properties and Classification of Metals and for questions 1–5 (after the text) choose the best answers from a–d.
- •Vocabulary
- •Availability, properties and classification of metals
- •3.5. Use the questions and talk giving the main ideas of the text above.
- •Vocabulary
- •Metallic crystal structure
- •Vocabulary Test
- •Grammar Test
- •Unit 4. Engineering materials. Iron and ferrous metals
- •4.2. Read the text Iron and Its Properties. Answer the following questions. What new have you learnt from the text?
- •Vocabulary
- •Iron and its properties
- •Vocabulary
- •4.4. Connect the two matching parts of the sentences related to the blast furnace operation.
- •Vocabulary
- •Ferrous metals
- •From the history of steelmaking
- •Alloy steels
- •Grammar and Vocabulary Questionnaire
- •Structural steels for shipbuilding
- •Vocabulary Test
- •Grammar Test
- •4.17. Just for fun.
- •4.18. Read the text and agree and disagree with the statements after it.
- •4.19. In the above text, find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •4.20. Read the text and write a list of titanium and its alloys qualities that make titanium different from other metals. A wonder metal
- •Long-term corrosion protection for hulls and water jets
- •Nonmetallic materials
- •4.24. What kinds of non-metal things do people use at home and at work in the office? Entitle the text below. Compare metals and non-metals as structural materials.
- •Unit 5. Materials technology
- •Vocabulary
- •Processing and heat treatment of metals
- •Visit to a Plant
- •Hardening plain carbon steel
- •Vocabulary
- •Welding processes
- •Gas welding
- •Hard to define
- •Nanotechnology
- •Larger to smaller: materials perspective
- •References
- •Appendix Summary tips Аннотирование и реферирование
- •Аннотация и реферат
- •Структура реферата
- •Этапы реферирования и аннотирования
- •Некоторые рекомендации по составлению аннотации и реферата
2.12. Reread the text and rewrite the following according to the model, replacing the words in italics with an expression from the text which has a similar meaning.
Model: An increase in length of 0.003mm was found in a bar subjected to a force of 1.5kN.
A force of 1.5kN will lengthen a bar by 0.003mm.
A tensile force of 2kN applied to a bar of steel will cause its size and shape to change.
The shaft has a uniform c.s.a.
If a bar of iron undergoes a force of 2kN, it bends.
Copper is a material which has the property of elasticity.
The body will not then return to its original dimensions.
A body which undergoes a tensile force will lengthen.
When compressive forces go beyond the elastic limit, permanent distortion results.
Changing from active into passive The object of the active verb becomes the subject in the passive sentence. The active verb changes into a passive form and the subject of the active verb becomes the agent, which is either introduced with “by” or is omitted when it is not important. Bell invented the telephone. → The telephone was invented by Bell. They used new materials. → New materials were used. Who developed this method? → Who was this method developed by? |
2.13. Find the subject and the object in these sentences (see the model above) then rewrite them in the passive.
We use the steel grades (марки стали) in shipbuilding.
Two laboratories will study this problem.
The Academy of Sciences organized the conference.
We rarely find pure metals in nature.
Lavoisier gave the name of hydrogen to this element.
They equipped our laboratory with new computers.
Ancient people have employed bronze since the prehistoric times.
Who discovered this element?
Two or more elements make up a compound.
2.14. Translate the following proverbs. Pay attention to the use and meaning of Participle II.
1. Well begun is half done.
2. A bored guest is a boring guest.
3. What is done cannot be undone.
4. Once said, a word cannot be unsaid.
5. What can't be cured must be endured.
6. First come first served.
7. Easier said than done.
8. Ask no questions and you will be told no lies.
2.15. Examine the diagram and complete the following text with the words from the word list.
becomes, even, fractures, its, length, tension, original, possible, regain, stretches, very, used
This machine is (1) ……. for testing tensile strength. The machine slowly (2) ……. a metal bar under tension.
A mild steel bar is not (3) ……. elastic, but it stretches under low tension. Remove the (4) ……. and it regains its (5) ……. length. Increase the tension and it stretches to a greater (6) …….. .The middle of the bar (7) ……. thinner. Under medium tension, the bar does not retain (8) ……. elasticity. Remove the tension now and it does not (9) ……. its original length. Under high tension, the bar becomes (10) ……. thinner. Finally, it (11) ……. in the middle. It is (12) ……. to measure exactly the breaking point of the bar.
Notes
tensile strength – предел прочности на растяжение
breaking point – разрушающее напряжение