
- •Unit I
- •About myself
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •My Working Day
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •My Day Off and My Hobbies
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading material text a
- •The Cell
- •If we examine a thin piece of a plant under a microscope we shall see
- •Cells: the Smallest Units of Life, their Structure
- •Crammar exercises
- •Unit II
- •The Belarusian State University
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Make sentences using the following words and expressions.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •The Biology Faculty
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Make up sentences using the following words and expressions.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •II. Mind the pronunciation of the following words:
- •III. Mark the following statements as true or false:
- •Species
- •Grammar execises
- •Unit III
- •Belarus
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •Minsk-the Capital of the Republic of Belarus
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •Reproduction and Growth
- •Bacteria: their Construction
- •Crammar exercises practice modals
- •Practice substitute words
- •Unit IV
- •The United Kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Make sentences
- •II. Complete the sentences using the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •My Future Profession
- •Botanist
- •Ecologist
- •Biochemist
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading material
- •Algae: the Simplest Green Plants
- •Crammar exercises practice participle
- •Practice infinitive
- •Practice gerund
- •Unit V
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4, 5.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •VI. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the modal verbs.
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •VI. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the meanings of the verbs.
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •VIII. Put in some, any, something, anything, nothing, nobody and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4, 6.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •Questions:
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •Questions:
- •Исключения
- •Pronouns and Substitute words
- •(Местоимение и словазаменители)
- •The word One
- •Слово One
- •Слово-заместитель that (those)
- •Слово-заместитель this (these)
- •II. Articles
- •III. Numbers (Числительное)
- •IV. Pronouns (местоимения)
- •V. Оборот there is (there are)
- •IV. Безличное it
- •VII. Adjectives (прилагательное)
- •VIII. Adverbs (наречия)
- •IX. Tenses Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •X. Modal Verbs (модальные глаголы)
- •Основные значения модальных глаголов
- •XI. Participle
- •Функции причастия
- •I. Определениe (Attribute (какой?, какая?)
- •Models:
- •2. Participle II
- •II. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier (как?, почему?, когда?)
- •1. Participle I (Active and Passive)
- •2. Participle II
- •3. Perfect Participle
- •Причастные обороты
- •1. Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
- •2. Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
- •3. Независимый причастный оборот (Absolute Participial Construction)
- •XII. Gerund
- •Функции герундия
- •1. Подлежащее (Subject)
- •Часть составного именного сказуемого (Part of a Compound Nominal Predicate)
- •Часть составного глагольного сказуемого (Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate)
- •4. Прямое дополнение (Direct Object)
- •5. Косвенное дополнение (Indirect Object)
- •6. Определение (Attribute) Герундий в данной функции употребляется после следующих абстрактных существительных с предлогами:
- •7. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier)
- •Герундиальные обороты (gerundial constructions)
- •Употребление инфинитива без частицы to
- •Функции инфинитива
- •1. Подлежащее (Subject)
- •2. Часть сказуемого (Part of the Predicate)
- •3. Дополнение (Object)
- •4. Определение (Attribute)
- •5. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier of):
- •Инфинитивные обороты (infinitive constructions)
- •1. Сложное Дополнение (Complex Object)
- •2. Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
- •3. Инфинитивный оборот
- •(The For-To-Infinitive Construction)
Vocabulary
activity – деятельность
routine [rH′tJn] – рутинный, шаблонный, по заведенному порядку
duties – обязанности
obligation – обязанность
encourage (v) – поощрять
ambition – амбиция, стремление, цель
regret (v) – сожалеть
relax (v) – расслабляться, отдыхать
bedtime – время ложиться спать
Vocabulary Notes
physical jerks – гимнастика, зарядка
cherished dream – сокровенная мечта
on a shift basis – посменно
to take up duties – принять дежурство
required recommendations – требуемые рекомендации
to impose certain responsibilities – налагать определенную ответственность на кого-либо
reputable institution – уважаемое учреждение
to enjoy doing smth – получать удовольствие от
genetics problems – проблемы генетики
life’s ambitions – жизненные амбиции
to take due care – заботиться надлежащим образом
Answer the questions:
At what time do you usually get up?
Do you do your morning exercises every day?
When and where do you have your breakfast?
Do you go to your work place by bus or on foot?
How long does it take you to get there?
When do you start your work and when is it over? What do you do for relaxation?
When did you start to think about your future profession?
What profession do you like best of all?
Is your future profession interesting and modern?
What do you usually do in the evening?
What is your bedtime?
Do you often sit up far into the night?
My Day Off and My Hobbies
When I was a pupil my only regular day off was Sunday. It was a day of freedom from routine duties and studies. I could do whatever I wished and could go wherever I wanted. 1 could also stay the whole day at home and have a good rest.
But I must admit that every day off needs some special planning. Time passes quickly and if you have no plans be sure to get no results. You may spend your time on trifles.
So, I’ll try to describe my common day off. If I planned to get out into the open air, I had to get up very early to catch the train. When the sky is blue and the sun is shining my friends and I like to go to the riverside for our ideal day out. A walk or a drive to the country may be a good alternative. But such a way of relaxation is acceptable in early autumn or late spring. Our winter days off differ greatly. In winter, if you want to skate or ski, it is not necessary to get out of town. You can do it not far from your home.
Sometimes when the weather was nasty, I could afford to relax and not to be in a hurry. So I could stay in bed and not get up till 10 or 11 a.m. Only then I dressed and had my breakfast. I watched TV, played with my little brother, did some reading, prepared my homework and after that went to see a friend of mine to play chess or go to the cinema with him. I’m not a great cinemagoer, but I like to see feature films and enjoy historical adventure films. I find these films most instructive and entertaining.
In case I had neither plans nor inclination to go anywhere, I could look through again and again my numerous albums full оf different stamps. Collecting stamps is my hobby. Almost everyone collects something in his life: coins, stamps, postcards, buttons, books, records, toys, watches. My parents started collecting stamps long ago and then passed their collection to me. Now I continue collecting stamps myself.
No matter what kind of hobby you have, you always have the opportunity of learning from it. By reading about the things you are interested in you are adding to what you know. Learning things is the most exciting aspect of my hobby too. Each stamp has its own story to tell. I can see pictures of distant countries and their people. I learn their history, culture and traditions. The greatest part of my collection is devoted to famous artists and their masterpieces. This part of my collection looks like art gallery.
My relatives very often send new stamps to me together with their letters and postcards. Sometimes I buy new stamps in a shop. I also have many penfriends in Belarus and abroad. We exchange stamps with them. Now I don’t have much time to spend on my collection, but sometimes I come back to it with great pleasure.
My evenings I prefer to spend at home. At about 7 p.m. we have dinner. It’s a good opportunity for the family to discuss the events of the day and our plans for the coming week.
I must say that I’m a great reader, but I never have enough time to enjoy it. I always read a book or a magazine late in the evening.
On Sunday my usual bedtime was 11 p.m. as I wanted to have a good sleep before starting a new week of studies.