- •1. My future profession моя майбутня спеціальність
- •My future profession
- •2. Odessa state medical university одеський державний медичний університет
- •Odessa state medical university
- •3. Nikolay ivanovich pirogov микола іванович пирогов
- •Nikolay ivanovich pirogov
- •From theory to surgery
- •4. Human body будова тіла людини
- •Human body
- •5. The oral cavity ротова порожнина
- •The oral cavity
- •Some facts from the history of medicine and dentistry
- •Anatomy of a tooth анатомія зуба
- •Anatomy of a tooth
- •Supporting Structures
- •Anatomy of individual teeth
- •7. Sets of teeth набір зубів
- •Sets of teeth
- •The number and surfaces of the teeth кількість та поверхні зубів
- •The number of the teeth The Deciduous Teeth
- •The Permanent Teeth
- •Surfaces of the teeth
- •9. Dental formulas. Tooth roots зубна формула. Корні зубів
- •Dental formulas
- •Tooth roots
- •Tooth roots
- •10. Oral hygiene гігієна ротової порожнини
- •Oral hygiene and the prevention of dental disease
- •Tooth brushing and plaque removal
- •11. Caries. Causes of caries карієс. Причини карієсу
- •Caries. Causes of caries
- •12. Pulp diseases хвороби пульпи
- •Pulp diseases
- •13. Periodontal diseases хвороби періодонта
- •Periodontal diseases
- •(Down, by, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •14. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis лікування виразкового гінгівіту
- •Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- •(Down, after, off, for, by, to, from, of, at, in, on, with, before)
- •15. The examination of the oral cavity огляд ротової поожнини
- •The examination of the oral cavity
- •Examination of the teeth
- •16. Case his tories історія хвороби. Стоматологічний аналіз
- •Case history
- •Case history
- •17. Dental radiography стоматологічна рентгенологія
- •Dental radiography
- •18. Dental anesthesia стоматологічна анестезія
- •Dental anesthesia
- •19. Analgetics in dentistry анальгетики у стоматологічній практиці
- •Analgetics in dentistry
- •20. Dental instruments стоматологічне обладнання
- •Dental instruments
- •21. At a chemist’s в аптеці
- •At the chemist’s
- •22. Oral candidiasis кандидоз ротової порожнини
- •Oral candidiasis
- •Classification
- •Risk factors
- •Management
- •Prognosis
- •23. Teeth malformation аномалії розвитку зубів
- •Teeth malformation
- •Teeth malformation
- •24. Oral cancer рак ротової порожнини
- •Oral cancer
- •(By, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •25. Writing a summary складання summary
- •Writing a summary
- •Cleft lip (harelip)
- •Odontogenic cysts
- •26. Blood кров. Зараження крові
- •27. Systems of the body системи організму людини
- •Systems of the body
- •28. History of dentistry історія стоматології
- •History of dentistry
- •History of dentistry
- •29. The evolution of dental technologies. Modern dental technologies сучасна стоматологія. Відомі відкриття у стоматології
- •The evolution of dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Air Abrasion
5. The oral cavity ротова порожнина
PART I
PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:
mucus ['mju:kas]; saliva [sə'laivə]; maxilla [mæk'silə]; mandible ['mændibl]; grind [graind]; branch [bra:nt∫]; tissue ['tisju:]; surface ['sə:fis]; palate ['pælit]; dense [dens]; contain [kən'tein].
Exercise 2. Learn the following words:
to attach прикріплювати
branch галузь
to contain містити
dense щільний
to grind перемелювати
jaw щелепа
mandible нижня щелепа
maxilla верхня щелепа
moist вологий
mucus слиз
palate піднебіння
root корінь
saliva слина
socket лунка
sponge губка, губчастий
to supply забезпечувати
surface поверхня
tissue тканина
tongue язик
Exercise 3. Read the word combinations and translate them:
Jaw: stationary jaw, movable jaw, lower jaw, upper jaw, branch of the jaw.
Bone: dense bone, hard bone, sponge-like bone.
Tissue: red tissue, moist tissue, glistening tissue.
Surface: inner surface, outer surface.
Exercise 4. Give Ukrainian equivalents:
Protective covering, parotid gland, moist tissue, inner surface, dense bone, sponge-like structure, lower jaw, stationary part, floor of the mouth, horseshoe-shaped.
Exercise 5. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Passive voice:
The upper jaw is attached to the skull by muscles.
The lower jaw is made up of two parts.
The bone which sponge-like in structure is called the alveolar process.
The roots are held in sockets by a membrane.
Three principal pairs of glands are recognized.
Food is ground up by the teeth.
Exercise 6. Read and translate the text:
The oral cavity
The human being has two jaws: an upper and a lower one. The upper jaw (the maxilla) is stationary forming part of the skull. The lower jaw (the mandible) is movable and attached to the skull by muscles. The Lower jaw is made up of two parts: the horse-shoe-shaped horizontal portion to which the teeth are attached and which is called "the body of the mandible" and the perpendicular part, the ramus. There are two rami, the left and the right.
The major portion of the structure, which makes up the jaw, is dense, hard bone but there is a part which is sponge-like in structure. This is called the alveolar process: and contains the sockets into which the roots of the teeth fit. The roots are held in place in sockets by a membrane, which is called the periodontal membrane.
A red, moist, glistening tissue, which is called the mucous membrane or mucosa forms a protective covering for the tongue, palate, floor of the mouth and the inside of the lips and cheeks, much as the skin does for the rest of the body.
Underneath the tongue and the inner surface of the cheeks there are glands, three principal pairs being recognized: the sublingual, submaxillaries and parotids. They supply water, ferments and mucus to the food which is ground up by the teeth.
POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 7. Answer the questions to the text:
What does the lower part of the facial skull consist of?
What is the structure of the jaw bone?
Where do the roots of the teeth fit?
What does mucosa form?
Where are glands situated?
What are the names of the principal glands?
What do the salivary glands supply to the food?
Exercise 8. Put questions to the underlined words:
The lower jaw is made up of two parts.
The roots are held in sockets by a membrane.
The mucous membrane forms a protective covering.
The salivary glands supply water, ferments and mucus to the food ground up by the teeth.
The upper jaw is stationary.
Exercise 9. Find antonyms to the following words:
Moist, lower, hard, underneath, inside, horseshoe-shaped.
Exercise 10. Retell the text.
PART II
PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:
ancient ['ent∫(ə)nt]; Egyptians [i'dʒip∫(ə)n]; civilization [ֽsivilai'zei∫(ə)n]; stomach ['stΛmək]; heart [ha:t]; lung [lΛŋ]; substance ['sΛbst(ə)ns]; acupuncture ['ækju:ֽpΛŋkt∫ə]; China ['t∫ainə]; Hygeia [hai'dʒiə]; technique [tek'ni:k]; incisor [in'saizə]; Oath [əuθ].
Exercise 2. Learn the following words:
ancient древній
inscription напис
tombstone надгробна плита
to indicate вказувати
to consider вважати
to establish встановлювати
acupuncture акупунктура, голкотерапія
internal внутрішній
filling заповнення, пломба
embalming process процес бальзамування
substance речовина
incisor різець
canine ікло
molar корінний зуб
oath присяга
ivory слонова кість
precious коштовний
Exercise 3. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following word combinations and make your own sentences with them:
internal organ; false teeth; different disorders; dental diseases; thin needle; dental prostheses; removable denture; loose teeth; scientific point of view; separate branch; narcotic substances in the treatment.
Exercise 4. Read and translate the text: