- •1. My future profession моя майбутня спеціальність
- •My future profession
- •2. Odessa state medical university одеський державний медичний університет
- •Odessa state medical university
- •3. Nikolay ivanovich pirogov микола іванович пирогов
- •Nikolay ivanovich pirogov
- •From theory to surgery
- •4. Human body будова тіла людини
- •Human body
- •5. The oral cavity ротова порожнина
- •The oral cavity
- •Some facts from the history of medicine and dentistry
- •Anatomy of a tooth анатомія зуба
- •Anatomy of a tooth
- •Supporting Structures
- •Anatomy of individual teeth
- •7. Sets of teeth набір зубів
- •Sets of teeth
- •The number and surfaces of the teeth кількість та поверхні зубів
- •The number of the teeth The Deciduous Teeth
- •The Permanent Teeth
- •Surfaces of the teeth
- •9. Dental formulas. Tooth roots зубна формула. Корні зубів
- •Dental formulas
- •Tooth roots
- •Tooth roots
- •10. Oral hygiene гігієна ротової порожнини
- •Oral hygiene and the prevention of dental disease
- •Tooth brushing and plaque removal
- •11. Caries. Causes of caries карієс. Причини карієсу
- •Caries. Causes of caries
- •12. Pulp diseases хвороби пульпи
- •Pulp diseases
- •13. Periodontal diseases хвороби періодонта
- •Periodontal diseases
- •(Down, by, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •14. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis лікування виразкового гінгівіту
- •Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- •(Down, after, off, for, by, to, from, of, at, in, on, with, before)
- •15. The examination of the oral cavity огляд ротової поожнини
- •The examination of the oral cavity
- •Examination of the teeth
- •16. Case his tories історія хвороби. Стоматологічний аналіз
- •Case history
- •Case history
- •17. Dental radiography стоматологічна рентгенологія
- •Dental radiography
- •18. Dental anesthesia стоматологічна анестезія
- •Dental anesthesia
- •19. Analgetics in dentistry анальгетики у стоматологічній практиці
- •Analgetics in dentistry
- •20. Dental instruments стоматологічне обладнання
- •Dental instruments
- •21. At a chemist’s в аптеці
- •At the chemist’s
- •22. Oral candidiasis кандидоз ротової порожнини
- •Oral candidiasis
- •Classification
- •Risk factors
- •Management
- •Prognosis
- •23. Teeth malformation аномалії розвитку зубів
- •Teeth malformation
- •Teeth malformation
- •24. Oral cancer рак ротової порожнини
- •Oral cancer
- •(By, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •25. Writing a summary складання summary
- •Writing a summary
- •Cleft lip (harelip)
- •Odontogenic cysts
- •26. Blood кров. Зараження крові
- •27. Systems of the body системи організму людини
- •Systems of the body
- •28. History of dentistry історія стоматології
- •History of dentistry
- •History of dentistry
- •29. The evolution of dental technologies. Modern dental technologies сучасна стоматологія. Відомі відкриття у стоматології
- •The evolution of dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Air Abrasion
18. Dental anesthesia стоматологічна анестезія
PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:
Anesthetic [̗ænəs'θetɪk], alveolar ['ælvɪələ], nerve [nɜ:v], superior [sυ'pɪərɪə], maxillary [mæk'sɪlǝrɪ], locally ['ləυkəlɪ], beneath [bɪ'ni:θ], inferior [ɪn'fɪərɪə], posterior [pɒ'stɪərɪə], nondental [nɒn' dentl], mental ['mentl], cutaneous [kjυ'teɪnɪəs], innervation [ֽ̗ɪnə'veɪʃn], numb [nʌm], tongue [tʌŋ], facial ['feɪʃl], mandible ['mændɪbl], lingual ['lɪŋɡwəl], droop [dru:p], palsy ['pɔ:lzɪ], paralysis [pə'ræləsɪs], paresis [pə'ri:sɪs], flaccid ['flæksɪd], muscle ['mʌsǝl].
Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary:
to block sensory transmission аби блокувати сенсорну передачу
nerves are not usually anesthetized directly нерви зазвичай безпосередньо
не знеболюються
to approach with a needle аби наблизитися голкою
maxillary teeth щелепні зуби
the dentist inserts the needle posterior дантист вставляє голку позаду
supplies cutaneous innervations забезпечує шкірну іннервацію
the inferior alveolar nerve нижчий альвеолярний нерв
resulting in a numb lip and chin приводить до задерев'янілої губи і підборіддя
the inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandible нижчий альвеолярний нерв входить до нижньої щелепи
a temporary facial palsy тимчасовий лицьовий параліч
Exercise 3. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following word combinations:
Dentists inject anesthetic; the superior alveolar nerves; the maxillary teeth; anesthetized locally; the inferior alveolar nerve; an inferior alveolar block; temporary facial palsy; flaccid muscles; permanent facial palsy.
Exercise 4. Pay attention to Passive Voice and translate into Ukrainian:
The superior alveolar nerves are not usually anesthetized directly because they are difficult to approach with a needle.
The inferior alveolar nerve probably is anesthetized more often than any other nerve in the body.
Several nondental nerves are anesthetized during an inferior alveolar block.
When the inferior alveolar nerve is blocked, the mental nerve is blocked also, resulting in a numb lip and chin.
If the facial nerve is cut by an improperly inserted needle, permanent facial palsy may occur.
Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:
Dental anesthesia
Dentists usually inject anesthetic to block sensory transmission by the alveolar nerves. The superior alveolar nerves are not usually anesthetized directly because they are difficult to approach with a needle. For this reason, the maxillary teeth are usually anesthetized locally by inserting the needle beneath the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth. The inferior alveolar nerve probably is anesthetized more often than any other nerve in the body. To anesthetize this nerve, the dentist inserts the needle somewhat posterior to the patient’s last molar.
Several nondental nerves are usually anesthetized during an inferior alveolar block. The mental nerve, which supplies cutaneous innervation to the anterior lip and chin, is a distal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve. When the inferior alveolar nerve is blocked, the mental nerve is blocked also, resulting in a numb lip and chin. Nerves lying near the point where the inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandible often are also anesthetized during inferior alveolar anesthesia. For example, the lingual nerve can be anesthetized to produce a numb tongue. The facial nerve lies some distance from the inferior alveolar nerve, but in rare cases anesthetic can diffuse far enough posteriorly to anesthetize that nerve. The result is a temporary facial palsy (paralysis or paresis), with the injected side of the face drooping because of flaccid muscles, which disappears when the anesthesia wears off. If the facial nerve is cut by an improperly inserted needle, permanent facial palsy may occur.
POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 6. Look through the text and make up 10 questions to the text:
Exercise 7. Complete the sentences remembering the text:
Dentists usually inject anesthetic to …
The superior alveolar nerves are not usually anesthetized directly because …
The maxillary teeth are usually anesthetized locally by …
When the inferior alveolar nerve is blocked, the mental nerve is blocked also, resulting in …
If the facial nerve is cut by an improperly inserted needle …
Exercise 8. Agree or contradict the following statements:
The inferior alveolar nerve probably is not anesthetized more often than any other nerve in the body.
The dentist inserts the needle somewhat posterior to the patient’s last molar.
Several nondental nerves are usually anesthetized during an anterior alveolar block.
The mental nerve, which supplies cutaneous innervation to the anterior lip and chin, is a distal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve.
Nerves lying near the point where the inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandible often are also anesthetized during anterior alveolar anesthesia.
Exercise 9. Give a brief survey of the text.
TEST
Dentists usually inject … to block sensory transmission.
laxative
anesthetic
tonic
sleeping pills
tranquilizer
The … alveolar nerves are not usually anesthetized directly because they are difficult to approach with a needle.
anterior
inferior
superior
posterior
middle
The maxillary teeth are usually anesthetized locally … inserting the needle beneath the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth.
by b) with c) on d) in e) under
The inferior alveolar nerve probably is anesthetized more often than any other … in the body.
tooth
nerve
muscle
gum
tongue
To anesthetize this nerve, the dentist inserts the needle somewhat posterior to the patient’s last …
canine
wisdom tooth
molar
incisor
premolar
Several nondental nerves … usually anesthetized during an inferior alveolar block.
am
is
are
do
have
When the inferior alveolar nerve is blocked, the mental nerve is blocked also, resulting … a numb lip and chin.
on b) in c) of d) above e) over
Nerves lying near the point where the inferior alveolar nerve enters the … often are also anesthetized during inferior alveolar anesthesia.
maxilla
upper jaw
mandible
lower jaw
jaw
The … nerve lies some distance from the inferior alveolar nerve.
spinal
cranial
facial
cavernous
lumbar
If the facial nerve is … by an improperly inserted needle, permanent facial palsy may occur.
filled
extracted
cut
put
cut out