23. Teeth malformation аномалії розвитку зубів

PART I

PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation and memorize the words:

Odontogenesis [ɔ'dɔnɔʤe'nisis], inherited [in'hɛritid], incisor [in'saizə], crowding ['kraʊdiŋ], supernumerary ['supə'nϳu:mərəri].

Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary. Read the words and word combinations:

Erupt прорізуватися

Primary (baby) teeth первинні (молочні) зуби

permanent teeth постійні (дорослі) зуби

abnormality аномалія

inherited успадкований

malocclusion аномалія прикусу

crowding скупчення

protruding висунута

incisor різець

prominent lower jaw висунута нижня щелепа

supernumerary teeth надмірна кількість зубів

complement набір

Exercise 3. Translate word combinations into English and find synonyms to them:

Молочні зуби, ікло, набір, відбуватися, нестача, додатковий, починатися, пов’язанний з, ясна, ліки, премоляр, аномалія прикусу, кількість.

Exercise 4. Put can, may, must, have to, need, should in the correct Tense and translate sentences into native language:

1. When you are ill, you … consult a doctor.

2. Having got a doctor’s prescription, you … go to the chemist’s.

3. He … walk normally, as he has already recovered.

4. You … go to the X-ray examination as a doctor … make correct diagnoses without it.

5. When I was ill with pneumonia I … to be made injections of ampicillin.

6. He … avoid catching an infectious disease as he was all the time in the contact with a sick person.

7. The patient … to be made blood test to determine whether he is suffering from hypertension or hypotension.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:

Teeth malformation

Tooth development or odontogenesis is the complex process by which teeth grow, and erupt into the mouth. Primary (baby) teeth must start to form between the sixth and eighth weeks, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth week. If teeth do not start to develop at or near these times, they will not develop at all.

There are a number of tooth abnormalities relating to development that may be acquired and inherited ones that alter the size, shape and number of teeth.

The basic types of malocclusion are crowding, protruding upper incisors and prominent lower jaw. Though there can be a number of other teeth abnormalities that occur not very often such as anodontia - a complete lack of tooth development, and hypodontia - a lack of some tooth development, supernumerary teeth – an extra one tooth to the normal complement of 32 teeth, missing teeth - upper incisors are often missing.

POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 6. Make up 5 special questions to the text and answer them.

Exercise 7. Choose the proper continuation of the following sentences:

1. Odontogenesis is the complex process …

2. Those teeth which erupt at early childhood are called …

3. The teeth may not develop at all if …

4. The basic types of malocclusion are ...

5. … is a complete lack of tooth development.

6. Hypodontia is ...

7. An extra one tooth to the normal complement is called ...

Exercise 8. Explain:

1. the difference between anodontia and supernumerary teeth;

2. types of teeth abnormalities;

3. causes of teeth abnormalities.

Exercise 9. Translate sentences into English:

1. Неправильний прикус - це порушення нормального взаємовідношення верхньощелепний і нижньощелеповий зубних дуг.

2. 90% людей мають викривлені зуби.

3. Метою ортопедичного лікування є поліпшення зовнішнього вигляду пацієнта та запобіганню пошкодження зубів.

4. Бувають випадки, коли кількість зубів, що виросли у людини, менша, ніж потрібно, при цьому утворюються області застою їжі.

5. Пацієнту з надмірною кількістю зубів треба видалити 1 зуб.

6. Вчора доктор не зміг поставив брекети цьому пацієнту тому вони ще не були готові.

Exercise 10. Give a brief survey of the text.

PART II

PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation and memorize the words:

Insufficient ['insə'fiʃənt], deciduous [di'siϳʊəs], contribute [kən'tribϳu:t], unduly [ʌn'dϳu:li], heredity [hi'rɛditi].

Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary. Read the words and word combinations:

Reposition переміщення

insufficient room недостатньо місця

accommodate розмістити

crooked кривий

deciduous молочні

contribute to сприяти

heredity спадковість

relationship відношення

unduly надмірно

Exercise 3. Express in one word:

caries	is the passing of traits to offspring (from its parent or ancestors).
malocclusion	refers to a number of inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth
heredity	is incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches.
periodontitis	are the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans
deciduous teeth	is a disease where bacterial processes damage tooth structure, producing dental cavities

Exercise 4. Translate into English the parts of the sentences given in brackets using modal verbs:

1. Do you think we (можемо добратися) to the hospital within 10 minutes?

2. I don’t remember that I saw such symptoms so I (не можу) help you in making a diagnoses.

3. (Можу я зробити) as I like or (я повинна зробити) as you like?

4. Now, listen to me attentively. I’ll repeat the prescription that you (слід дотримуватися).

5. (Нема чого турбуватися) everything has turned out OK.

6. We were looking for the drug in every drugstore but (не змогли дістати) nowhere.

7. The doctor is making a round now you (зможете поговорити) with him in half an hour.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text: