Tooth roots

Exercise 1. Learn the following words:

Anterior [aæn'tiǝriǝ] передній

To be apt to [æpt] бути схильним до

Buccal ['bΛkǝ1] щічний

То be called [kɔ:ld] називатися

Occlusion [ǝ'klu:Ʒn] прикус

To overlap ['ǝuvǝlæp] перекривати Posterior [pɔs'tiǝriǝ] задній Width [widѲ] ширина

Exercise 2. Form degrees-of comparison of the following adjectives:

High, interesting, short, good, great, beautiful, bad, large, small, many

Exercise 3. Form nouns with the help of the suffix -th and translate them:

wide, grow, long, warm, deep, true, strong

Exercise 4. Read and translate the text:

Tooth roots

Teeth may have one, two or even more roots.

Teeth having one root are: central incisors and lateral incisors.

Teeth having two roots are: upper second bicuspids and lower first and second molars. And the teeth having three roots are: upper first molars and lower first molars.

Such teeth as cuspids, first bicuspids and lower second bicuspids have one root. Third molars, both upper and lower are apt to have anywhere from one to eight roots.

Occlusion. The relationship of the upper teeth to the lower when brought together is called occlusion.

Because of the greater width of the upper centrals as compared to the lower centrals, the upper arch is normally larger than the lower one. For this reason, the buccal cuspids of all the upper teeth occlude just posterior to those of the corresponding lower ones; the upper incisors overlap the lowers and the buccal cuspids of the upper posterior teeth also overlap their antagonists in the low jaw.

POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 5. Answer the questions:

1 .How many roots may teeth have?

2. What teeth have one root?

3.What teeth have two roots?

4. What is called occlusion?

5.Why is the upper arch normally larger than the lower one?

6. What teeth do the upper incisors overlap?

7. Do they also overlap their antagonists in the lower jaw?

Exercise 6. Find the Russian equivalents for each English word:

1. Root a. схильний

2. To overlap b. корень

3. Occlusive c. перекривати

4. Posterior d. боковий

5. Apt e. прикусний

6. Lateral f. задній

Exercise 7. Translate into English:

Задній, верхній, вище, більше, передній, складніше, краще, найкоротший, нижче, раніше, свіжіше.

Exercise 8. Divide the following words into 4 columns- nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs:

Central, normally, corresponding, overlap, occlude, occlusion, together, posterior, antagonist, call, buccal, relationship, upper, cuspid, designation

Exercise 9. Say in one word:

1. Either of two bony or cartilaginous structures forming part of the mouth.

2. One of the posterior teeth in mammals, adapted for grinding.

3. Relationship between the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth when they approach each other, as occurs during chewing or at rest.

4. The part of the tooth by which it is attached to the jaw.

5. One of the canine teeth.

Exercise 10. Make up questions to the underlined words:

1. Upper first molars have three roots.

2. Because of the greater width of the upper centrals, the upper arch is larger than the lower one.

3. Teeth may have one, two or more routs.

4. Third molars are apt to have from one to eight routs.

5. Upper posterior teeth overlap their antagonists in the lower jaw.

TEST

1. There is a sort of dental shorthand which makes it easy to designate any particular …

1. crown

2. root

3. tooth

4. jaw

5. tongue

2. The mouth is divided into quadrants: …

1. upper left and right and lower left

2. upper left and right and lower left and right

3. upper left and lower left

4. upper right and lower right

5. upper right and lower left and right

3. Permanent teeth are designated by …

1. Arabic numerals

2. Indian numerals

3. Ukrainian numerals

4. Russian numerals

5. Chinese numerals

4. The letter "A" would represent the central …

1. molar

2. premolar

3. incisor

4. canine

5. wisdom tooth

5. The letter … would represent the cuspid.

1. A b) B c) С d) D e) E

6. Teeth may have …

1. one, two or three roots

2. two, three or even more roots

3. three, four or five roots

4. one, two or even more roots

5. only one root

7. The teeth having three roots are: …

1. upper first molars and lower first molars

2. lower second molars and upper second premolars

3. lower second molars and upper second molars

4. upper first molars and lower first premolars

5. upper first premolars and lower second molars

8. The relationship … the upper teeth … the lower when brought together is called occlusion.

1. in … of

2. of … to

3. of … for

4. for …of

5. in … to

9. Because of the greater width of the upper centrals as … to the lower centrals, the upper arch is normally larger than the lower one.

1. are compared

2. compared

3. compare

4. compares

5. comparing

10. The upper incisors overlap the lowers and the buccal cuspids of the upper … teeth also overlap their antagonists in the low jaw.

1. posterior

2. anterior

3. middle

4. lower

5. upper